Impact of Sildenafil on Smooth Muscle and Blood Vessels by Using Light and Electron Microscopy

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ehab Abou-eladab ◽  
Heba Alfattah ◽  
Faten Shehata
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy

Electron microscopy of the glio-vascular organization of the brain of octopus

1969 ◽  
Vol 255 (797) ◽  
pp. 13-32 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Form Complex ◽  
Large Neurons

The glio-vascular organization of the octopus brain has been studied by light and electron microscopy. The structure of the walls of the blood vessels has been described. Two types of neuroglia can be recognized, the fibrous and protoplasmic glia; also enigmatic dark cells. Most blood vessels in the neuropil are surrounded by extracellular zones containing collagen. These zones give off glio-vascular tunnels (strands) that penetrate the neuropil in a complex network. The extracellular zones and tunnels contain in addition to collagen, smooth muscle cells and fibrocytes. Glial processes surround the extracellular zones and incompletely partition them from the neuropil. The small neuronal perikarya have no glial folds around them. The medium-size cells have thin glial sheets or finger processes related to their surfaces, which may indent the cells to form small trophospongia. The large neurons of the suboesophageal lobe have complex glial sheaths interspersed with extracellular channels. Both penetrate the neurons to form complex trophospongia. A new form of extracellular material has been observed in these extracellular channels. The occurrence of trophospongia in vertebrate and invertebrate neurons may be correlated with the absence of dendrites. Special problems discussed include the nature of the trophospongial function, the question of fluid-filled extracellular zones and their possible function as lymph channels, and the presence in some of them of haemocyanin molecules identical with those in the blood vessels. Perhaps of special importance is the observation that the lobes of the octopus brain are permeated with extracellular tunnels containing smooth muscle fibres, but it still needs to be determined whether or not the muscle cells in the tunnels of the neuropil actively contract and massage the neuropil to facilitate metabolic and other exchanges.

Studies of the innervation of rabbit myometrium and cervix

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 837-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bulat ◽  
M. S. Kannan ◽  
R. E. Garfield
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Isometric Contraction ◽  
Glyoxylic Acid ◽  
Adrenergic Innervation ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Adrenergic Nerves ◽  
Field Stimulation

We characterized the innervation of isolated circular and longitudinal-oriented muscle strips from the nulliparous rabbit uterus and cervix by field stimulation (FS). FS with increasing frequency (2.5–50 pps) and voltage (2.5–70 V) caused graded increases in isometric contraction with no relaxation or inhibition of spontaneous activity. Tetrodotoxin(TTX, 3.1 × 10−6 M) significantly reduced the FS response by 75% in all strips at higher stimulus frequencies. Contractile responses to FS were also significantly inhibited by atropine (3.5 × 10−6 M) in circular uterus and in longitudinal cervix. Guanethidine (5 × 10−6 M) reduced the response in all strips, as did phentolamine (3.6 × 10−6 M) in longitudinal uterus and circular cervix. Propranolol (3.9 × 10−6 M) did not significantly change the response in longitudinal uterus or circular cervix. In longitudinal uterus, combined guanethidine and atropine produced significant inhibition, but not statistically different from either drug alone. Similar results were seen in circular uterus. Electron microscopy and glyoxylic acid histofluorescence indicate that both blood vessels and smooth muscle in rabbit uterus are supplied with adrenergic nerves. The results suggest the presence of TTX-sensitive adrenergic and cholinergic excitatory innervation of rabbit uterus and cervix.Key words: uterus, myometrium, cervix, adrenergic innervation.

Presence of smooth-muscle cells in the subdural neomembrane

1981 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 646-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuyuki Kawano ◽  
Kinuko Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Subdural Hematoma ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Chronic Subdural Hematoma ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The authors encountered a case of chronic subdural hematoma of which the subdural neomembrane (SN) showed numerous spindle-shaped cells identified as smooth-muscle cells (SMC's) by electron microscopy. On reexamination of 214 cases from the files, SMC's were found with light microscopy in seven cases. In these cases, the SN was well organized (collagenized). In three additional cases examined with both light and electron microscopy, SMC's were not apparent with light microscopy. However, in all cases, cells with ultrastructural features of both fibroblasts and SMC's were observed. Well formed SMC's were found in two additional cases of well organized membrane. Based on these observations, it is concluded that the presence of SMC's in the SN is not a rare phenomenon. The possible origin of SMC's in the SN and their pathological significance to the organizing process of chronic subdural hematoma are discussed.

Fine structure of the pecten oculi of the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlie R. Braekevelt
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Anas Platyrhynchos ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mallard Duck ◽  
Pecten Oculi ◽  
Region Form

The pecten oculi of the mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos) has been examined by light and electron microscopy. In this species, the pecten is of the pleated type and 12–14 accordion folds are joined apically by a heavily pigmented bridge of tissue which holds the pecten in a fanlike shape, widest at the base. It is situated over the optic nerve head and extends out into the vitreous. The entire pecten is enclosed by a fine basal lamina and hyalocytes are often present on its outer surface. Within each fold are numerous capillaries, larger blood vessels, and melanocytes. The capillaries are surrounded by thick fibrillar basal laminae which often contain pericytes. These capillaries display extensive microfolds on both the luminal and abluminal borders. The endothelial cell bodies are extremely thin, with most organelles present in a paranuclear location. The melanocytes, which are most plentiful in the bridge region, form an incomplete sheath around the capillaries and other blood vessels. The morphology of the pecten in the mallard is indicative of a heavy involvement in the transport of materials.

scholarly journals Ultrastructural analysis of small blood vessels in skin biopsies in CADASIL

2008 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Lackovic ◽  
M. Bajcetic ◽  
Nadezda Sternic ◽  
V. Kostic ◽  
Jasna Zidverc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Autosomal Dominant ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Dense Bodies ◽  
Skin Biopsies ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Skin Blood Vessels ◽  
The Brain

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is an inherited small- and medium-artery disease of the brain caused by mutation of the Notch3 gene. Very often, this disease is misdiagnosed. We examined skin biopsies in two members of the first discovered Serbian family affected by CADASIL. Electron microscopy showed that skin blood vessels of both patients contain numerous deposits of granular osmiophilic material (GOM) around vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). We observed degeneration of VSMCs, reorganization of their cytoskeleton and dense bodies, disruption of myoendothelial contacts, and apoptosis. Our results suggest that the presence of GOM in small skin arteries represents a specific marker in diagnosis of CADASIL.

scholarly journals ENDOTHELIAL CONTRACTION INDUCED BY HISTAMINE-TYPE MEDIATORS

1969 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Majno ◽  
Stephen M. Shea ◽  
Monika Leventhal
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Venous Congestion ◽  
Cremaster Muscle ◽  
Satisfactory Explanation ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Intercellular Gaps ◽  
Chemical Mediators

Previous work has shown that endogenous chemical mediators, of which histamine is the prototype, increase the permeability of blood vessels by causing gaps to appear between endothelial cells. In the present paper, morphologic and statistical evidence is presented, to suggest that endothelial cells contract under the influence of mediators, and that this contraction causes the formation of intercellular gaps. Histamine, serotonin, and bradykinin were injected subcutaneously into the scrotum of the rat, and the vessels of the underlying cremaster muscle were examined by electron microscopy. To eliminate the vascular collapse induced by routine fixation, in one series of animals (including controls) the root of the cremaster was constricted for 2–4 min prior to sacrifice, and the tissues were fixed under conditions of mild venous congestion. Electron micrographs were taken of 599 nuclei from the endothelium of small blood vessels representing the various experimental situations. Nuclear deformations were classified into four types of increasing tightness (notches, foldsl closing folds, and pinches. In the latter the apposed surfaces of the nuclear membrane are in contact). It was found that: (1) venous congestion tends to straighten the nuclei in al groups; (2) mediators cause a highly significant increase in the number of pinches (P < 0.001), also if the vessels are distended by venous congestion; (3) fixation without venous congestion causes vascular collapse. The degree of endothelial recoil, as measured by nuclear pinches, is very different from that caused by mediators (P < 0.001). (4) Pinched nuclei are more frequent in leaking vessels, and in cells adjacent to gaps (P < 0.001); (5) mediators also induce, in the endothelium, cytoplasmic changes suggestive of contraction, and similar to those of contracted smooth muscle; (6) there is no evidence of pericyte contraction under the conditions tested. Occasional pericytes appeared to receive fine nerve endings. Various hypotheses to explain nuclear pinching are discussed; the only satisfactory explanation is that which requires endothelial contraction.

Permeability of Endometrial Blood Vessels to Exogenous Horse Radish Peroxidase in Mice. Electron Microscope Study

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 562-563
Author(s):  
M.C. Castillo-Jessen ◽  
A. González-Angulo
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Horse Radish Peroxidase ◽  
Intravascular Injection ◽  
Normal Morphology ◽  
Functional Implications ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Proteins

Information regarding the normal morphology of uterine blood vessels at ultrastructural level in mammals is scarce Electron microscopy studies dealing with endometrial vasculature despite the functional implications due to hormone priming are not available. Light microscopy observations with combined injection of dyes and microradiography along with histochemical studies does not enable us to know the detailed fine structure of the possible various types of blood vessels in this tissue. The present work has been designed to characterize the blood vessels of endometrium of mice as well as the behavior of the endothelium to injection of low molecular weight proteins during the normal estrous cycle in this animal. One hundred and forty female albino mice were sacrificed after intravascular injection of horse radish peroxidase (HRP) at 30 seconds, 5, 15, 30 and 60 minutes.

The Morphology of Vacuolated Cells in the Liver Following Administration of Vitamin A.

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 408-409
Author(s):  
Odell T. Minick ◽  
Hidejiro Yokoo ◽  
Fawzia Batti
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Prominent Feature ◽  
Vascular Space ◽  
Vacuolated Cell ◽  
Vacuolated Cells ◽  
Vacuolated Cytoplasm

Vacuolated cells in the liver of young rats were studied by light and electron microscopy following the administration of vitamin A (200 units per gram of body weight). Their characteristics were compared with similar cells found in untreated animals.In rats given vitamin A, cells with vacuolated cytoplasm were a prominent feature. These cells were found mostly in a perisinusoidal location, although some appeared to be in between liver cells (Fig. 1). Electron microscopy confirmed their location in Disse's space adjacent to the sinusoid and in recesses between liver cells. Some appeared to be bordering the lumen of the sinusoid, but careful observation usually revealed a tenuous endothelial process separating the vacuolated cell from the vascular space. In appropriate sections, fenestrations in the thin endothelial processes were noted (Fig. 2, arrow).

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