Antimicrobial Proteins: Key Components of Innate Immunity

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are the small ubiquitous self-defence products which are extensively distributed in plants. They can be classified into several groups, including thionins, defensins, snakins, lipid transfer proteins, glycine-rich proteins, cyclotides, and hevein-type proteins. AMPs are important mediators of an innate host defence system, with antimicrobial activities against a broad spectrum of microorganisms. AMPs can be extracted and isolated from different plants and plant organs such as stems, roots, seeds, flowers and leaves. They perform various physiological defensive mechanisms to eliminate viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites, and so could be used as therapeutic and preservative agents.

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Antimicrobial peptides in silkworm

Animal Biology ◽

10.1163/15707563-20191065 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 69 (4) ◽

pp. 391-410 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zhi Li ◽

Yan Ma ◽

Xuan Liu ◽

Yi Li ◽

Fangyin Dai

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Clinical Practice ◽

Antimicrobial Peptides ◽

Structure Function ◽

Broad Spectrum ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Vital Role ◽

Bacteria Resistance

Abstract Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a type of small molecular proteins that play a vital role in the resistance to alien pathogens. AMPs are widespread in bacteria, archaea, protists, fungi, plants and animals. AMPs have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities and they rarely induce bacteria resistance; thus, they are thought to be good candidates for antibiotics in clinical practice. Recently, AMPs are increasingly attracting attention because of their outstanding features and functions. In addition to their known antibacterial properties, some kinds of AMPs have also been reported to have antiviral, anticancer, antiparasitic, and antioxidant activity. In this review, we introduce the diversity of AMPs, including their structure, function and related mechanisms. We focus primarily on recent studies of silkworm AMPs and summarize their classification, activities and possible mechanisms. Finally, based on the review, probable directions and perspectives for studies of the AMPs of silkworm are discussed and proposed.

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Antimicrobial Peptides and Their Analogs: Searching for New Potential Therapeutics

Perspectives in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.4137/pmc.s13215 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. PMC.S13215 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Krystyna Midura-Nowaczek ◽

Agnieszka Markowska

Keyword(s):

Innate Immunity ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Peptides ◽

Broad Spectrum ◽

Active Peptides ◽

Basic Features ◽

Potential Therapeutics

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are an essential part of innate immunity. These compounds have been considered as potential therapeutics because of their broad-spectrum activities and proven ability to avoid antimicrobial resistance, but their clinical and commercial developments have some limitations, such as susceptibility to proteases and a high cost of peptide production. To overcome these problems, many researchers have tried to develop short active peptides, their modifications and mimics with better properties while retaining their basic features of natural AMPs such as cationic charge and the amphipathic structure.

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Inhibitory Effects of Antimicrobial Peptides on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2015/167572 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Yue Sun ◽

Dejing Shang

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Peptides ◽

Broad Spectrum ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Immune Cell ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Protective Role ◽

Host Immune System ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

The One

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are usually small molecule peptides, which display broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, high efficiency, and stability. For the multiple-antibiotic-resistant strains, AMPs play a significant role in the development of novel antibiotics because of their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities and specific antimicrobial mechanism. Besides broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, AMPs also have anti-inflammatory activity. The neutralization of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) plays a key role in anti-inflammatory action of AMPs. On the one hand, AMPs can readily penetrate the cell wall barrier by neutralizing LPS to remove Gram-negative bacteria that can lead to infection. On the contrary, AMPs can also inhibit the production of biological inflammatory cytokines to reduce the inflammatory response through neutralizing circulating LPS. In addition, AMPs also modulate the host immune system by chemotaxis of leukocytes, to promote immune cell proliferation, epithelialization, and angiogenesis and thus play a protective role. This review summarizes some recent researches about anti-inflammatory AMPs, with a focus on the interaction of AMPs and LPS on the past decade.

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W11.275 HDL particle size, and lipid transfer proteins in heterozygous form of familial hypercholesterolemia

Atherosclerosis ◽

10.1016/s0021-9150(04)90274-2 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 64

Author(s):

E LIMA

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Familial Hypercholesterolemia ◽

Lipid Transfer ◽

Lipid Transfer Proteins ◽

Heterozygous Form

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Allergy to non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTP) in a pediatric population.

10.26226/morressier.5acdc65cd462b8029238db02 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Joana Lopes

Keyword(s):

Pediatric Population ◽

Lipid Transfer ◽

Lipid Transfer Proteins ◽

Specific Lipid

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Extended synaptotagmins are Ca2+-dependent lipid transfer proteins at membrane contact sites.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.726263415.793516807 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

David Tareste

Keyword(s):

Lipid Transfer ◽

Lipid Transfer Proteins ◽

Membrane Contact Sites ◽

Contact Sites ◽

Membrane Contact

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Plant antimicrobial peptides: structures, functions, and applications

Botanical Studies ◽

10.1186/s40529-021-00312-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Junpeng Li ◽

Shuping Hu ◽

Wei Jian ◽

Chengjian Xie ◽

Xingyong Yang

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antimicrobial Peptides ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Food Additives ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Potential Applicability ◽

Bacteria And Fungi ◽

Positively Charged

AbstractAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a class of short, usually positively charged polypeptides that exist in humans, animals, and plants. Considering the increasing number of drug-resistant pathogens, the antimicrobial activity of AMPs has attracted much attention. AMPs with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against many gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, and fungi are an important defensive barrier against pathogens for many organisms. With continuing research, many other physiological functions of plant AMPs have been found in addition to their antimicrobial roles, such as regulating plant growth and development and treating many diseases with high efficacy. The potential applicability of plant AMPs in agricultural production, as food additives and disease treatments, has garnered much interest. This review focuses on the types of plant AMPs, their mechanisms of action, the parameters affecting the antimicrobial activities of AMPs, and their potential applications in agricultural production, the food industry, breeding industry, and medical field.

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