Antimicrobial peptides in silkworm

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Li ◽  
Yan Ma ◽  
Xuan Liu ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
Fangyin Dai
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Structure Function ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Bacteria Resistance

Abstract Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a type of small molecular proteins that play a vital role in the resistance to alien pathogens. AMPs are widespread in bacteria, archaea, protists, fungi, plants and animals. AMPs have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities and they rarely induce bacteria resistance; thus, they are thought to be good candidates for antibiotics in clinical practice. Recently, AMPs are increasingly attracting attention because of their outstanding features and functions. In addition to their known antibacterial properties, some kinds of AMPs have also been reported to have antiviral, anticancer, antiparasitic, and antioxidant activity. In this review, we introduce the diversity of AMPs, including their structure, function and related mechanisms. We focus primarily on recent studies of silkworm AMPs and summarize their classification, activities and possible mechanisms. Finally, based on the review, probable directions and perspectives for studies of the AMPs of silkworm are discussed and proposed.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Proteins: Key Components of Innate Immunity

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Bishun Deo Prasad ◽  
Sangita Sahni ◽  
Tushar Ranjan ◽  
Diksha Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Lipid Transfer ◽  
Antimicrobial Proteins ◽  
Lipid Transfer Proteins ◽  
Defensive Mechanisms ◽  
Host Defence System ◽  
Self Defence

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are the small ubiquitous self-defence products which are extensively distributed in plants. They can be classified into several groups, including thionins, defensins, snakins, lipid transfer proteins, glycine-rich proteins, cyclotides,  and hevein-type proteins. AMPs are important mediators of an innate host defence system, with antimicrobial activities against a broad spectrum of microorganisms. AMPs can be extracted and isolated from different plants and plant organs such as stems, roots, seeds, flowers and leaves. They perform various physiological defensive mechanisms to eliminate viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites, and so could be used as therapeutic and preservative agents.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antibacterial Properties of Chimeric Bovine Lactoferrin Peptide for Inhibition of Food and Plant Pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Sarhadi ◽  
Mohammad Hasan Jahandar ◽  
Abbas Tanhaeian
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Bovine Lactoferrin ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms

: The resistance of microorganisms to conventional antibiotics has prompted researchers to produce new antimicrobial compounds. Antimicrobial peptides can be alternatives to chemical antibiotics. Antimicrobial peptides are produced approximately by all living organisms to fight infection. Lactoferrin is an iron glycoprotein that plays an important role in the immune system. Lactoferricin and lactoferrampine have stronger antimicrobial activities than lactoferrin. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of a combination of chimeric bovine lactoferricin and lactoferrampine on microorganisms including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Enterococcus faecalis, and Listeria monocytogenes, as well as plant pathogens including Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, Pseudomonas viridiflava, Xanthomonas translucens, Xanthomonas perforans, Erwinia amylovora, Pectobacterium carotovorum, and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The results showed that chimeric bovine lactoferrin had a good inhibitory effect against pathogenic microorganisms and plant pathogens. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) for pathogenic microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes were 7.562 µg/mL and 15.125 µg/mL, respectively, which showed the highest sensitivity to chimeric bovine lactoferrin. The MIC and MBC for plant pathogens were 0.497 µg/mL and 0.997 µg/mL, respectively, which were related to Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and it showed the highest sensitivity to chimeric bovine lactoferrin.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effects of Antimicrobial Peptides on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Sun ◽  
Dejing Shang
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The One

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are usually small molecule peptides, which display broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, high efficiency, and stability. For the multiple-antibiotic-resistant strains, AMPs play a significant role in the development of novel antibiotics because of their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities and specific antimicrobial mechanism. Besides broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, AMPs also have anti-inflammatory activity. The neutralization of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) plays a key role in anti-inflammatory action of AMPs. On the one hand, AMPs can readily penetrate the cell wall barrier by neutralizing LPS to remove Gram-negative bacteria that can lead to infection. On the contrary, AMPs can also inhibit the production of biological inflammatory cytokines to reduce the inflammatory response through neutralizing circulating LPS. In addition, AMPs also modulate the host immune system by chemotaxis of leukocytes, to promote immune cell proliferation, epithelialization, and angiogenesis and thus play a protective role. This review summarizes some recent researches about anti-inflammatory AMPs, with a focus on the interaction of AMPs and LPS on the past decade.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Properties and Efficacy of a Novel SPLUNC1-Derived Antimicrobial Peptide, α4-Short, in a Murine Model of Respiratory Infection

mBio ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shasha Jiang ◽  
Berthony Deslouches ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
Matthew E. Di ◽  
Y. Peter Di
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Clinical Development ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT Multidrug resistance (MDR) by bacterial pathogens constitutes a global health crisis, and resistance to treatment displayed by biofilm-associated infections (e.g., cystic fibrosis, surgical sites, and medical implants) only exacerbates a problem that is already difficult to overcome. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a promising class of therapeutics that may be useful in the battle against antibiotic resistance, although certain limitations have hindered their clinical development. The goal of this study was to examine the therapeutic potential of novel AMPs derived from the multifunctional respiratory host defense protein SPLUNC1. Using standard growth inhibition and antibiofilm assays, we demonstrated that a novel structurally optimized AMP, α4-short, was highly effective against the most common group of MDR bacteria while showing broad-spectrum bactericidal and antibiofilm activities. With negligible hemolysis and toxicity to white blood cells, the new peptide also demonstrated in vivo efficacy when delivered directly into the airway in a murine model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced respiratory infection. The data warrant further exploration of SPLUNC1-derived AMPs with optimized structures to assess the potential application to difficult-to-cure biofilm-associated infections. IMPORTANCE The rise of superbugs underscores the urgent need for novel antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have the ability to kill superbugs regardless of resistance to traditional antibiotics. However, AMPs often display a lack of efficacy in vivo. Sequence optimization and engineering are promising but may result in increased host toxicity. We report here the optimization of a novel AMP (α4-short) derived from the multifunctional respiratory protein SPLUNC1. The AMP α4-short demonstrated broad-spectrum activity against superbugs as well as in vivo efficacy in the P. aeruginosa pneumonia model. Further exploration for clinical development is warranted.

Assessment of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of crude extracts of verbena officinalis Linn root or Atuch (Amharic)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Crude Extracts

Verbena officinalis Linn is a traditionally known medicinal plant which is used against a number of diseases including inflammatory conditions. In this study its antioxidant activity (reducing powers, 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activities), ferric reduction activity potential (FRAP), total flavonoid concentration and antimicrobial activities of 80%, 90%, 100% methanol and chloroform extracts of V. officinalis Linn root and 90% and100% methanol leaf extracts were determined. Its antioxidant activity increases with increase in amount of extract (10% to 40%v/v). Total flavonoid content (TFC) varied from 73.32±0.002 mgQE/100g of dry weight (90% methanol) to 42.39±0.032 mgQE/100g dry weight (chloroform), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), radical scavenging activity (%) was varied between 87.39% (90% methanol) to 45.57% (chloroform) while Ferric reducing antioxidant power was observed between 372.93±0.04 mgAAE/100 g extract (90% methanol) to 129.41±0.026 mgAAE/100 g chloroform in the root extract. The methanolic extract of the leaf showed less antioxidant activity than the methanolic extract of the root. Crude extracts of V. officinalis root showed various degree of antimicrobial activity towards drug resistance microbial pathogens. Growth inhibition tests against bacterial pathogens demonstrated concentration dependence. Moreover, gram positive bacteria were more susceptible to V. officinalis root extract when compared to gram negative bacteria. In general V. officinalis root and leave extracts possess strong antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.

scholarly journals Plant antimicrobial peptides: structures, functions, and applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junpeng Li ◽  
Shuping Hu ◽  
Wei Jian ◽  
Chengjian Xie ◽  
Xingyong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Potential Applicability ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Positively Charged

AbstractAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a class of short, usually positively charged polypeptides that exist in humans, animals, and plants. Considering the increasing number of drug-resistant pathogens, the antimicrobial activity of AMPs has attracted much attention. AMPs with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against many gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, and fungi are an important defensive barrier against pathogens for many organisms. With continuing research, many other physiological functions of plant AMPs have been found in addition to their antimicrobial roles, such as regulating plant growth and development and treating many diseases with high efficacy. The potential applicability of plant AMPs in agricultural production, as food additives and disease treatments, has garnered much interest. This review focuses on the types of plant AMPs, their mechanisms of action, the parameters affecting the antimicrobial activities of AMPs, and their potential applications in agricultural production, the food industry, breeding industry, and medical field.

scholarly journals Green Synthesis and Incorporation of Sericin Silver Nanoclusters into Electrospun Ultrafine Cellulose Acetate Fibers for Anti-Bacterial Applications

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1411
Author(s):  
Mujahid Mehdi ◽  
Huihui Qiu ◽  
Bing Dai ◽  
Raja Fahad Qureshi ◽  
Sadam Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Silver Nanoclusters ◽  
Composite Fibers ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Performance ◽  
Field Emission Electron Microscopy

Fiber based antibacterial materials have gained an enormous attraction for the researchers in these days. In this study, a novel Sericin Encapsulated Silver Nanoclusters (sericin-AgNCs) were synthesized through single pot and green synthesis route. Subsequently these sericin-AgNCs were incorporated into ultrafine electrospun cellulose acetate (CA) fibers for assessing the antibacterial performance. The physicochemical properties of sericin-AgNCs/CA composite fibers were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and wide X-ray diffraction (XRD). The antibacterial properties of sericin-AgNCs/CA composite fibers against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were systematically evaluated. The results showed that sericin-AgNCs incorporated in ultrafine CA fibers have played a vital role for antibacterial activity. An amount of 0.17 mg/mL sericin-AgNCs to CA fibers showed more than 90% results and elevated upto >99.9% with 1.7 mg/mL of sericin-AgNCs against E. coli. The study indicated that sericin-AgNCs/CA composite confirms an enhanced antibacterial efficiency, which could be used as a promising antibacterial product.

Polyurethane-coated silica particles with broad-spectrum antibacterial properties

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 2011-2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingxing Xu ◽  
Haritz Sardon ◽  
Julian M. W. Chan ◽  
James L. Hedrick ◽  
Yi Yan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Silica Particles ◽  
End Group

Antibacterial polyurethane-coated silica particles were synthesized using a “grafting to” approach via surface-to-end-group and surface-to-backbone strategies.

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