scholarly journals Evaluation of the Chemical Quality of Milk Powder Sold in Open Markets in Aba, Abia Atate, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
O. E. Elekwachi ◽  
C. O. Asinobi ◽  
O. C. Afam-Anene
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Microbial Culture ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Open Markets

Background: Cow's milk is frequently recognized as the most nearly perfect nourishment for humans [1]. On the one hand, its tremendous nutritional value could affect human health [2]. Milk, on the other hand, is an ideal microbial culture medium [3] and is easily contaminated [1]. Milk quality and safety are commonly causes of anxiety because milk quality can be compromised during processing, shipping, storage, and marketing [4], particularly in underdeveloped nations with ineffective quality monitoring. Furthermore, uniformed traders expose milk to adverse environmental conditions due to ignorance. Objective: This study investigated some chemical parameters of milk powder sold in Aba market. Materials and Methods: A total of six (6) brands of milk powder, namely: Peak, Three Crown, Loyal, Cow Bell, Jago, and Dano milk, packaged in affordable sachets, were purchased from the new market (Abia Ohuru) in Aba town, Abia State. The samples were emptied from the sachet into sterile plastic containers, coded, sealed and transported to the laboratory immediately for analysis. Proximate, mineral, and vitamin compositions were determined using standard methods. ANOVA was used to separate the means and a significant difference was judged at p<0.05. Results: The obtained values for almost all parameters were not significantly different (p) among the samples examined. However, the obtained values were slightly lower than the values written on the labels. The obtained values and the values on the labels were not significantly different from the CODEX Alimentarius and NFDAC set standards for milk powder, except for vitamin A values for almost all the samples. Conclusion:  The quality of milk powder sold in the Aba market can be considered to be good enough for human consumption, although slight quality degradation was found in protein, carbohydrates, fat, and especially in the vitamin A and B content of the samples. Exposure to harsh conditions during storage and retailing processes could be a possible reason. Recommendations:  Strict and legal measures should be adopted to ensure that the quality and safety of milk in the open markets is preserved.

scholarly journals INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO THE PRODUCTION OF HIGH QUALITY MILK-RAW MATERIALS

2019 ◽  
pp. 46-55
Author(s):  
Iryna Bernyk
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Quality Management System ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Quality Of Milk

The most pressing problems of the food industry today are the quality of food. The main factors influencing this indicator are the quality of raw materials, the technical and technological level of enterprises, the quality management system and food safety. Milk quality cannot be improved in the processing process, at best it can be stabilized, so the milk quality management system should focus on the technological processes of its production and primary treatment using a preventive approach. The sanitary and hygienic quality of milk production is a complex problem that is determined by a number of factors that combine the notion of "technology and culture of production". General bacterial contamination of milk raw materials should be considered as a collection of sources of ingress of microorganisms into the technological environment, in particular the microflora of the surface of the udder and lobes; microflora of udder channels; microorganisms of milking equipment, milk lines, milk packaging; microflora of personnel and environment. The traditional scheme of primary milk treatment provides a consistent picture of the quality and safety of raw milk obtained from its production. Measures to improve the quality and safety of raw milk through additional use of the decontamination process are proposed. The use of ultrasonic cavitation technologies for milk disinfection allows to increase the quality of milk and to get more money for the farm, to provide quality raw materials for dairy enterprises.

A study on milk quality testing and awareness of science and non science students on milk adulteration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadath Fatima ◽  
AVE Vasundhara
Keyword(s):  
Milk Powder ◽  
Cane Sugar ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Science Students ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Milk Adulteration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quality Of Milk

Increased global demand for milk has made it prone to massive levels of adulteration. The aims of this study were to analyze the quality of milk samples and also to assess the awareness of science and non-science students on milk adulteration. A total of 100 milk samples [unbranded (n=50) and branded (n=50)] were randomly collected from different areas of Hyderabad and were chemically analyzed to detect the presence of adulterants using standard procedures. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge of students (sciences and non-sciences) on milk adulteration. It was observed from the chemical analysis that the unbranded milk samples (n=50) and branded milk samples (n=50) were found to be adulterated with water, cane sugar, urea, detergent, skimmed milk powder and formalin with their extent being 82%, 24%, 12%, 36%, 26%, 22% and 6%, 2%, 0%, 0%, 36%, 28% respectively. It was found from a microbiological examination that 92% of branded milk samples were in good quality, 2% were in fair quality and 6% were in poor quality and all the unbranded milk samples were found to be of poor quality. A significant difference (p<0.05) was observed on the awareness of milk adulteration between Science and Non-Science student respondents. It can be concluded that milk quality is not as per standards. To eradicate this Malpractice, having a quality control system is necessary which could regularly check to ensure good quality milk is sold.

Transformative Learning in Mastery-Oriented CS0 Course

2021 ◽  
pp. 234763112110072
Author(s):  
Srinivasan Lakshminarayanan ◽  
N. J. Rao ◽  
G. K. Meghana
Keyword(s):  
Transformative Learning ◽  
First Year ◽  
Guided Discovery ◽  
Engineering Programs ◽  
Transformative Experiences ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cognitive Levels ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Core Course

The introductory programming course, commonly known as CS1 and offered as a core course in the first year in all engineering programs in India, is unique because it can address higher cognitive levels, metacognition and some aspects of the affective domain. It can provide much needed transformative experiences to students coming from a system of school education that is dominantly performance-driven. Unfortunately, the CS1 course, as practiced in almost all engineering programs, is also performance-driven because of a variety of compulsions. This paper suggests that the inclusion of a course CS0 can bring about transformative learning that can potentially make a significant difference in the quality of learning in all subsequent engineering courses. The suggested instruction design of this course takes the advantage of the unique features of a course in programming. The proposed CS0 course uses “extreme apprenticeship” and “guided discovery” methods of instruction. The effectiveness of these instruction methods was established through the use of the thematic analysis, a well-known qualitative research method, and the associated coding of transformative learning experiences and instruction components.

From swill milk to certified milk

2021 ◽  
pp. 247-252
Author(s):  
Michael Obladen
Keyword(s):  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
The Us ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
Sterilized Milk ◽  
Consultation Services ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Sewage Systems

Industrialization and urbanization jeopardized infant nutrition during the 19th century. Cow’s milk was produced in the cities or transported long distances under suspect conditions. Milk was contaminated with bacteria or adulterated with water, flour, chalk, and other substances. When distilleries proliferated in the metropoles, their waste slop was fed to cows who then produced thin and contaminated swill milk. Following a press campaign in the US, the sale of swill milk was prohibited in 1861. Bacterial counts became available in 1881 and helped to improve the quality of milk. Debates on pasteurization remained controversial. Disposal of the wastewater of millions of inhabitants and the manure of thousands of cows was environmentally hazardous. It was not until 1860 and after several pandemics of Asiatic cholera, that effective sewage systems were built in the metropoles. Milk depots were established in the US by Koplik for sterilized and by Coit for certified milk. In France, consultation services named goutte de lait distributed sterilized milk and educated mothers. Efforts to improve milk quality culminated in the International Congresses for the Prevention of Infantile Mortality.

scholarly journals Introduction of the identification, situation, background, assessment, recommendations tool to improve the quality of information transfer during medical handover in intensive care

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Ramasubbu ◽  
Emma Stewart ◽  
Rosalba Spiritoso
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Patient Information ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Handover Process

Objective To audit the quality and safety of the current doctor-to-doctor handover of patient information in our Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Unit. If deficient, to implement a validated handover tool to improve the quality of the handover process. Methods In Cycle 1 we observed the verbal handover and reviewed the written handover information transferred for 50 consecutive patients in St George’s Hospital Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Unit. For each patient’s handover, we assessed whether each section of the Identification, Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendations tool was used on a scale of 0–2. Zero if no information in that category was transferred, one if the information was partially transferred and two if all relevant information was transferred. Each patient’s handover received a score from 0 to 10 and thus, each cycle a total score of 0–500. Following the implementation of the Identification, Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendations handover tool in our Intensive Care Unit in Cycle 2, we re-observed the handover process for another 50 consecutive patients hence, completing the audit cycle. Results There was a significant difference between the total scores from Cycle 1 and 2 (263/500 versus 457/500, p < 0.001). The median handover score for Cycle 1 was 5/10 (interquartile range 4–6). The median handover score for Cycle 2 was 9/10 (interquartile range 9–10). Patient handover scores increased significantly between Cycle 1 and 2, U = 13.5, p < 0.001. Conclusions The introduction of a standardised handover template (Identification, Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendations tool) has improved the quality and safety of the doctor-to-doctor handover of patient information in our Intensive Care Unit.

Investigation of nitrogen purging prior to UV treatment on quality of milk

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jawaad Ahmed Ansari ◽  
Marliya Ismail ◽  
Mohammed Farid
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Uv Treatment ◽  
Photo Oxidation ◽  
Ultraviolet Treatment ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
Uv C

AbstractUltraviolet treatment (UV-C) is well known for its antimicrobial effects and current research shows that it has the potential to inactivate microorganisms in milk at much lower temperatures than conventional thermal treatment. However, Ultraviolet irradiation may result in adverse effects on milk quality, which arises due to photo oxidation in the presence of oxygen. Limiting the dissolved oxygen content in milk can minimize oxidative damage and thus, result in a better product quality. Nitrogen purging could be an effective method for reducing dissolved oxygen from liquids. The present study evaluates effects of nitrogen purging (prior to UV treatment) on milk quality. It was found that nitrogen purged UV treated milk causes minimal changes to physicochemical properties of milk.

Comparison of FMS tests between female and male volleyball players with possible implications on volleyball performance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Ban ◽  
Tomislav Đurković ◽  
Nenad Marelić
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Quality Of Movement ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Straight Leg Raise ◽  
Push Up

Purpose: The main goal of this study is to determine possible differences in the range and quality of movement between senior male and female volleyball players of HAOK Mladost. Methods: Respondents, all right-handed and healthy, were members of the senior volleyball team of HAOK Mladost (female n=24, male n=17). The testing was conducted during the transition period, between the first and second competition period. We used seven tests, all part of standard FMS protocol: Deep Squat (DS), Hurdle Step (HS), In-Line Lunge (ILL), Shoulder Mobility (SM), Active Straight Leg Raise (ASLR), Trunk Stability Push-up (TSPU), Rotary Stability (RS), with 12 measured variables (left and right side for five bilateral tests plus DS and TSPU). Educated staff at the Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb con-ducted the testing. The examination of significance of the differences between senior male and female volleyball players was conducted by using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Statistical analysis showed significant difference in three tests: In – Line Lunge Left (ILLL), z= -2,11, p=0,03, with moderate effect size (r=0.33), Active Straight Leg Raise Left (ASLRL), z= -2,58, p=0,01, with moderate to strong effect size (r=0.4) and Stability Push-up (TSPU) z= -3,68, p=0,00, with strong effect size (r=0.58). Conclusion: Statistically significant difference was determined in the range and quality of movement in three measured variables. Male volleyball players achieved better results in two tests: In-Line Lunge Left (ILLL) and Stability Push-up (TSPU). That addresses to a higher ability to keep the balance during lunges (reaction on short balls during reception or defence phase of the game) and considerably higher ability to maintain the stability of the trunk in the transfer of force from the upper extremities to the lower (during block) and vice versa (during spike). It is interesting to note that female volleyball players achieved a significantly better rating in the Active Straight Leg Raise Left (ASLRL) test, suggesting a better flexibility of the left hamstrings and better right hip mobility which enables higher capacity in performing el-ements which require extension, which include almost all volleyball elements (hitting, serve receive and transition into offense, defence and transition into counterattack and blocking, smashing and jump serve).

Milk quality in Merino and Corriedale ewes

1966 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Moore
Keyword(s):  
Milk Quality ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Breed Difference ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Highly Correlated

Comparisons have been made of the milk quality of ewes of two strains of Merino, strong-wool (S) and medium-wool Peppin (B), and of two breeds, strong-wool Merino and Corriedale (C). The strains were compared in two ways – for ewes suckling single lambs and for ewes suckling a pair of twins containing one lamb of each strain, and the breeds were compared for ewes suckling single lambs. The strain comparisons were made in 1960–61 and the breed comparison in 1961–62. Ewes of the S and B strains during the first 10 weeks of lactation had milk with mean fat percentages of 6.0 and 6.5 respectively when suckling singles, and 6.4 and 7.2 when suckling twins. The corresponding percentages for solids-not-fat (S.N.F.) for the period 45–72 days after parturition were 9.5 and 9.3 for singles, 9.9 and 10.2 for twins. The C breed and the S strain yielded milk with respective mean fat percentages of 8.6 and 9.4, and mean S.N.F. of 10.1 and 10.6, during the first 20 days of lactation. The only statistically significant difference among these breed and strain comparisons was the breed difference in S.N.F. In Merino ewes suckling twins the fat percentage was higher than in those suckling singles over 10 weeks of lactation (6.8 v. 6.2), while the percentage of S.N.F. for the period 45–72 days after parturition was also higher (10.1 v. 9.4). The difference in fat was not significant, but the difference in S.N.F. was. When adjusted for the higher amount of whole milk produced by ewes suckling twins, the relative amounts of fat and S.N.F. secreted become 116 : 100 and 112 : 100. There is thus a suggestion that the extra sucking stimulus which leads to a greater production of whole milk also increases the secretion of fat and S.N.F. When the 10-week lactation period was divided into three subperiods, the fat percentages showed a significant increase with time since parturition for Merino ewes suckling singles (5.7 : 5.8 : 7.2) or twins (5.7 : 6.8 : 7.9). Even when these figures were adjusted for amount of whole milk, the relative total amounts of fat secreted were 100 : 105 : 102 and 100 : 111 : 104. Lamb growth rate was no more highly correlated with the constituents of milk quality than with the total amount of whole milk. No important differences in milk quality were found between the genetic groups examined, but these were all related, the Corriedale breed being half Merino. The possibility remains that breeds differing more widely in their genetic background might also differ in milk quality.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical and Adulteration Profile of Dried Milk in Kashmir

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snober Irshad ◽  
Mohammed A. Paul ◽  
Riyaz A. Bhat ◽  
Zubair Ahmad Akhoon ◽  
S. Rafeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Powder ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Excellent Growth ◽  
Powder Samples ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
Good Medium

Background: Milk is a highly nutritious food that serves as an excellent growth good medium for microorganisms. Converting milk into milk powder increases its shelf life and can be stored for extended period (about 1 year) without substantial loss of quality even at ambient temperatures. Methods: The current investigation was undertaken with the aim of evaluating the quality of milk powder in Kashmir division for characterizing its physico-chemical and adulteration profile. Since all the dried milk is imported in the valley, it is important to ascertain its quality. For this purpose, whole valley was divided into three zones namely north, south and central. The physiochemical properties and adulteration profile of all the milk powder samples, collected from three zones (north, center, south) were determined. Result: The physiochemical properties of all the milk powder samples were to be of approved quality, irrespective of the brand and class. Adulteration profile of milk powder was seen to match completely to the standards. Milk powder should be free from all the adulterants to ensure its safe and wholesome consumption to consumers. A very few samples were found positive to alkaline neutralizer.

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