A study on milk quality testing and awareness of science and non science students on milk adulteration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadath Fatima ◽  
AVE Vasundhara
Keyword(s):  
Milk Powder ◽  
Cane Sugar ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Science Students ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Milk Adulteration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quality Of Milk

Increased global demand for milk has made it prone to massive levels of adulteration. The aims of this study were to analyze the quality of milk samples and also to assess the awareness of science and non-science students on milk adulteration. A total of 100 milk samples [unbranded (n=50) and branded (n=50)] were randomly collected from different areas of Hyderabad and were chemically analyzed to detect the presence of adulterants using standard procedures. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge of students (sciences and non-sciences) on milk adulteration. It was observed from the chemical analysis that the unbranded milk samples (n=50) and branded milk samples (n=50) were found to be adulterated with water, cane sugar, urea, detergent, skimmed milk powder and formalin with their extent being 82%, 24%, 12%, 36%, 26%, 22% and 6%, 2%, 0%, 0%, 36%, 28% respectively. It was found from a microbiological examination that 92% of branded milk samples were in good quality, 2% were in fair quality and 6% were in poor quality and all the unbranded milk samples were found to be of poor quality. A significant difference (p<0.05) was observed on the awareness of milk adulteration between Science and Non-Science student respondents. It can be concluded that milk quality is not as per standards. To eradicate this Malpractice, having a quality control system is necessary which could regularly check to ensure good quality milk is sold.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Chemical Quality of Milk Powder Sold in Open Markets in Aba, Abia Atate, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
O. E. Elekwachi ◽  
C. O. Asinobi ◽  
O. C. Afam-Anene
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Microbial Culture ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Open Markets

Background: Cow's milk is frequently recognized as the most nearly perfect nourishment for humans [1]. On the one hand, its tremendous nutritional value could affect human health [2]. Milk, on the other hand, is an ideal microbial culture medium [3] and is easily contaminated [1]. Milk quality and safety are commonly causes of anxiety because milk quality can be compromised during processing, shipping, storage, and marketing [4], particularly in underdeveloped nations with ineffective quality monitoring. Furthermore, uniformed traders expose milk to adverse environmental conditions due to ignorance. Objective: This study investigated some chemical parameters of milk powder sold in Aba market. Materials and Methods: A total of six (6) brands of milk powder, namely: Peak, Three Crown, Loyal, Cow Bell, Jago, and Dano milk, packaged in affordable sachets, were purchased from the new market (Abia Ohuru) in Aba town, Abia State. The samples were emptied from the sachet into sterile plastic containers, coded, sealed and transported to the laboratory immediately for analysis. Proximate, mineral, and vitamin compositions were determined using standard methods. ANOVA was used to separate the means and a significant difference was judged at p<0.05. Results: The obtained values for almost all parameters were not significantly different (p) among the samples examined. However, the obtained values were slightly lower than the values written on the labels. The obtained values and the values on the labels were not significantly different from the CODEX Alimentarius and NFDAC set standards for milk powder, except for vitamin A values for almost all the samples. Conclusion:  The quality of milk powder sold in the Aba market can be considered to be good enough for human consumption, although slight quality degradation was found in protein, carbohydrates, fat, and especially in the vitamin A and B content of the samples. Exposure to harsh conditions during storage and retailing processes could be a possible reason. Recommendations:  Strict and legal measures should be adopted to ensure that the quality and safety of milk in the open markets is preserved.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF MILK QUALITY, ADULTERATION AND MASTISIS IN FOUR DIFFERENT MILK SAMPLES

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-69
Author(s):  
Sudhasaravanan R ◽  
Binukumari S
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Skim Milk Powder ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Appearance Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Yellowish White ◽  
Better Than

The present study is aimed to analyze the milk quality, adulteration and mastitis infection in milk Samples available in market. Four different milk samples were analyzed for physical appearance, quality, adulterants and mastitis infection. 90% milk samples were white in color and 10 % were yellowish white. pH ranged between 6.5 – 6.9. Analysis of milk quality showed that Arokya milk appears to be better than the other three milk samples. Out of 4 milk samples analyzed for adulteration, adulterants found were glucose (80%), skim milk powder (58%), salt (51%) and urea (35%) while found negative for formalin, salicylic acid, boric acid, starch, soap and ammonium sulphate. All the samples were free from mastitis infection. The adulterants decrease the nutritive value of milk and may also cause serious human health related problems.

scholarly journals Quality of milk available at local markets of Muktagacha upazila in Mymensingh district

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Islam ◽  
MH Rashid ◽  
MFI Kajal ◽  
MS Alam
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Formalin Test ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Status ◽  
Standard Values ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
Organoleptic Parameters

The present experiment was conducted to detect quality and level of the adulteration in milk collected from Dharchuni, Atani and Khamar bazar of Muktagacha Upazilla. Organoleptic parameters used to monitor the status of milk samples were color, flavor, taste, texture; physical parameter used was specific gravity; chemical parameters used were acidity, fat content, protein content, lactose content, ash, total solids, solids-not-fat; and the adulteration test used were starch test and formalin test. The tested milk samples showed significantly differences (p<0.05) for specific gravity, protein, fat, lactose and TS contents. No significant difference (p>0.05) were found for %acidity, ash content, and SNF content of milk samples. Milk collected from Khamar Bazar was higher for protein and fat contents than other markets. Adulteration tests, for all the samples were found negative. Although, there were some fluctuations among the parameters of milk samples regarding standard values; all of the milk samples were found to be acceptable. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v11i1.18222 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 11(1): 119-124, 2013

scholarly journals Nutritional and hygienic quality of raw milk intended for consumption in the region of Guelma, Algeria 

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bousbia ◽  
S. Boudalia ◽  
Y. Gueroui ◽  
B. Belaize ◽  
S. Meguelati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Milk ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
Cattle Farms

The main objective of this study is to assess nutritional and hygienic qualities of raw milk collected in situ in dairy cattle farms in the region of Guelma, Algeria. For this purpose, a total of 144 milk samples were collected and analyzed to determine their physicochemical characteristics and bacteriological quality. Results showed an acceptable nutritional quality, with a poor bacteriological quality. The average contamination was 11.69 x 105 CFU ml-1 for total flora, against 23.44 x 105 CFU ml-1 for total Coliforms and 7.34 x 104 CFU ml-1 for fecal Coliforms. In addition, 6% of total samples were positive for Clostridium. For the suspected pathogenic flora, Staphylococcus aureus has been detected in 9 samples; however, all milk samples were devoid of Salmonella. The poor quality of milk reflects the dismal conditions of production and the no-control of hygienic practices.

A survey of methods of milk production: II. Statistical analysis of bacteriological tests on milk samples

1956 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. B. Leech ◽  
J. W. Egdell ◽  
S. B. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Keeping Quality ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
The Many

1. The results of a survey of the methods of milk production on a random sample of farms in four counties of England and Wales were used in conjunction with bacteriological and keeping quality tests of the milk produced, to estimate the influence on milk quality of factors in equipment and technique.2. Of the many factors in technique investigated, only the sterilization of utensils and the cooling of the milk appeared to affect milk quality. The effects of these two factors differed in some degree with the four tests used.3. Milk samples from machine-milked herds had significantly greater thermoduric colony counts than samples from hand-milked herds. No other factor of equipment showed appreciable association with milk-quality tests.4. Brief recommendations are made about the conduct of any future field survey of factors affecting bacteriological and keeping quality of milk.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL AND MICROBIAL SAFETY OF STREET VENDED EGG ROLL IN ABEOKUTA METROPOLIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
M. O. ADEGUNWA ◽  
D. A. OSISANYA ◽  
A. A. ADEBOWALE ◽  
H. A. BAKARE
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Significant Difference

A total of 12 samples of egg rolls retailed in three locations in Abeokuta and a laboratory prepared sample serving as control were analyzed for their microbial load and presence of heavy metals (Lead, Cadmium, Chromium). The samples were analyzed for bacteria using standard procedures. Analysis of the food samples showed that total viable bacterial count ranged from 1.2 x 105 to 4.2 x 105 cfu/g, total staphylococcus count ranged between 1.2 x 104 and 6.4 x 104 cfu/g, coliform count ranged from 1.0 x 104 to 3.0 x 104cfu/g, total campylobacter count ranged between 1.0x104 and1.3x104 cfu/g and there were no growths for the total listeria count. Five bacteria genera were isolated including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella aerogenes, Salmonella typhi, Campylobacter coli. Cadmium and Chromium contamination ranged from 3.50±0.71 - 12.50±0.71 and 0.75±0.35 - 3.50±0.00 respectively. Statistical analysis of the heavy metals shows a significant difference (p<0.05) between the control and samples. The level of microbial contamination could be associated with inadequate handling and processing by processors and vendors, contamination caused by either poor hygiene or poor quality of water used. Moreover, contamination of cadmium and chromium in all the samples could be incident upon the water used in producing it, however lead was absent in all the samples. It is therefore recommended that health education should be done for food handlers and consumers about food safety.      

scholarly journals Pemeriksaan Kualitas Susu Asal Kedai Susu Kawasan Permukiman Mahasiswa IPB Dramaga dan Cilibende Bogor

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
Maharani ◽  
Mirnawati B Sudarwanto ◽  
Susi Soviana ◽  
Herwin Pisestyani
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Milk Consumption ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Quality Of Milk

Milk is an animal food source that plays a role in human life because it contains various nutritional components. Indonesia’s level of milk consumption is still relatively low. As one of an attempt to increase milk consumption, various kinds of processed milk products with a more modish aroma and form were made. However, not all of the quality of the processed milk products sold can be guaranteed. The aim of this study is to determine the quality of milk samples obtained from milk retails located around the students settlement area of IPB University’s Dramaga and Cilibende campus. The total of retails around campus obtained from the survey were 13, so 39 samples were bought. Milk samples taken were plain milk without an addition of sugar, flavor variants or ice cubes. The results obtained by the average value of density, content of fat, protein, lactose, dry matter, non-fat dry matter and pH of milk samples in Dramaga region are 1.0190 g/mL, 2.66%, 2.02%, 3.03%, 8.18%, 5.52% and 6.89. Milk samples in Cilibende region are 1.026 g/mL, 3.80%, 2.75%, 4.13%, 11.34%, 7.54% and 6.54. Based on pasteurization and sterilization perfectness test, it was discovered that all samples were pasteurized milk, even as much as 30.8% were sterilized milk. From this study, it can be concluded that the ready-to-drink milk sold in retails around the students settlements of IPB University has poor quality because it does not meet the minimum standard requirements of SNI No. 01-3951-1995 about Pasteurized Milk.

Capsular closure versus unrepaired interportal capsulotomy after hip arthroscopy in patients with femoroacetabular impingement, results of a patient-blinded randomised controlled trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 112070002110057
Author(s):  
Niels H Bech ◽  
Inger N Sierevelt ◽  
Sheryl de Waard ◽  
Boudijn S H Joling ◽  
Gino M M J Kerkhoffs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Femoroacetabular Impingement ◽  
Hip Arthroscopy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Background: Hip capsular management after hip arthroscopy remains a topic of debate. Most available current literature is of poor quality and are retrospective or cohort studies. As of today, no clear consensus exists on capsular management after hip arthroscopy. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of routine capsular closure versus unrepaired capsulotomy after interportal capsulotomy measured with NRS pain and the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS). Materials and methods: All eligible patients with femoroacetabular impingement who opt for hip arthroscopy ( n = 116) were randomly assigned to one of both treatment groups and were operated by a single surgeon. Postoperative pain was measured with the NRS score weekly the first 12 weeks after surgery. The HAGOS questionnaire was measured at 12 and 52 weeks postoperatively. Results: Baseline characteristics and operation details were comparable between treatment groups. Regarding the NRS pain no significant difference was found between groups at any point the first 12 weeks after surgery ( p = 0.67). Both groups significantly improved after surgery ( p < 0.001). After 3 months follow-up there were no differences between groups for the HAGOS questionnaire except for the domain sport ( p = 0.02) in favour of the control group. After 12 months follow-up there were no differences between both treatment groups on all HAGOS domains ( p  > 0.05). Conclusions: The results of this randomised controlled trial show highest possible evidence that there is no reason for routinely capsular closure after interportal capsulotomy at the end of hip arthroscopy. Trial Registration: This trial was registered at the CCMO Dutch Trial Register: NL55669.048.15.

scholarly journals Gender-specific analysis for the association between trunk muscle mass and spinal pathologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Hori ◽  
Masatoshi Hoshino ◽  
Kazuhide Inage ◽  
Masayuki Miyagi ◽  
Shinji Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Trunk Muscle ◽  
Sagittal Vertical Axis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Trunk ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractWe investigated the relationship between trunk muscle mass and spinal pathologies by gender. This multicenter cross-sectional study included patients aged ≥ 30 years who visited a spinal outpatient clinic. Trunk and appendicular muscle mass were measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), visual analog scale (VAS) score for low back pain, sagittal vertical axis (SVA), and EuroQol 5 Dimension (EQ5D) score were investigated to evaluate spinal pathology. The association between trunk muscle mass and these parameters was analyzed by gender using a non-linear regression model adjusted for patients’ demographics. We investigated the association between age and trunk muscle mass. We included 781 men and 957 women. Trunk muscle mass differed significantly between men and women, although it decreased with age after age 70 in both genders. Lower trunk muscle mass was significantly associated with ODI, SVA, and EQ5D score deterioration in both genders; its association with VAS was significant only in men. Most parameters deteriorated when trunk muscle mass was < 26 kg in men and < 19 kg in women. Lower trunk muscle mass was associated with lumbar disability, spinal imbalance, and poor quality of life in both genders, with significant difference in muscle mass.

Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in bovine milk and associated risk factors among dairy farms of Punjab, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
H. Thukral ◽  
P. Dhaka ◽  
J. Singh Bedi ◽  
R. Singh Aulakh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
European Union ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Buffalo Milk ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Mean Concentration

Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) contamination in milk and milk products may pose a major public health concern. The present cross-sectional study was aimed to estimate the prevalence of AFM1 in bovine milk across all districts of Punjab, India and to identify the associated animal and farm level risk factors. A total of 402 milk samples (266 cow milk and 136 buffalo milk) were analysed using commercial ELISA and representative samples were confirmed using HPLC-FLD. The results revealed that 56.2 and 13.4% of the milk samples exceeded the maximum levels of the European Union, i.e. 0.05 μg/l and Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI), i.e. 0.5 μg/l for AFM1 in milk, respectively. On analysis of species variation, buffalo milk (prevalence: 56.6%; mean concentration: 0.42±0.9 μg/l) was found to have higher AFM1 levels than cow milk (prevalence: 56.0%; mean concentration: 0.19±0.3 μg/l), with statistically significant difference between mean concentrations (P<0.01) and non-significant difference between AFM1 prevalence (P=0.91). Furthermore, milk from commercial dairy farms (prevalence: 64.7%; mean concentration: 0.34±0.65 μg/l) was found to be more contaminated than from household dairy establishments (prevalence: 47.8%; mean concentration: 0.19±0.65 μg/l). The risk factors ‘above average milk yield/day’ (odds ratio (OR): 2.4) and ‘poor animal hygiene’ (OR: 1.9) were identified at animal level, and ‘intensive dairy farming’ (OR: 3.1) and ‘animal feed without aflatoxin binder’ (OR: 4.7) as farm level risk factors for AFM1 excretion above maximum levels of European Union in milk. Among cow breeds, the milk from ‘non-descript’ breed (OR: 11.5) was found to be most contaminated with AFM1 and the least from Jersey breed (OR: 1.0). The present study highlighted the presence of AFM1 in milk samples; therefore, regular monitoring of AFM1 in milk is required so that high risk regions and associated risk factors can be addressed appropriately.

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