Organochlorine Pesticide Residue Levels in Parts of Watermelon Grown in the Ada-West District of Greater Accra Region, Ghana and Its Related Human Health Risks

The study involved the use of soxhlet apparatus and CP-3800 Gas Chromatograph equipped with a 63Ni electron capture detector to investigate the presence and levels of organochlorine pesticide (OCP) residues in sampled parts of watermelon. The study revealed the presence of fifteen OCPs residues in the peel, pulp and seeds of watermelon from the selected communities in the Ada-West District of the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. Most of the OCP residues investigated were below the limit of detection of 0.01 µg/kg. Detectable OCP residues whose concentrations were above detection limit were dieldrin and p, p’-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethene (p,p'–DDE). The seeds of watermelon from Koluedor recorded the highest level of 2.10 µg/kg of p’p-DDE while the lowest level of 0.20 µg/kg of dieldrin and p’p-DDE were recorded in the peel of watermelon from Sege. The mean levels of the detected pesticide residues in peel, pulp and seeds of watermelon were also below maximum residue limits (MRLs) set by European Union (EU). Estimated daily intake (EDI) of organochlorine pesticide residues as a result of consumption of the studied watermelon for children ranged from 0.001 µg/kg to 0.006 µg/kg and those for adults were from 0.0005 µg/kg to 0.003 µg/kg. EDIs values obtained were however, far below reference doses (RFDs) recommended by United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA).

Download Full-text

Determination of multiple organochlorine pesticide residues in shrimp using modified QuEChERS extraction and gas chromatography

SAARC Journal of Agriculture ◽

10.3329/sja.v16i1.37425 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 81-93

Author(s):

MDH Prodhan ◽

SN Alam

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Organochlorine Pesticide ◽

Pesticide Residues ◽

Limit Of Detection ◽

Residue Analysis ◽

Limit Of Quantification ◽

Modified Quechers ◽

Endosulfan Sulphate ◽

Organochlorine Pesticide Residues

Determination of organochlorine pesticide residues in shrimp is very important to ensure the consumer’s safety and to fulfill the importer’s demand. Therefore, a simple and efficient multiple organochlorine pesticide residues analytical method using quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) extraction technique and Gas Chromatography coupled with Electron Capture Detector (ECD) has been developed and validated for the determination of 19 organochlorine pesticides (α- BHC, δ- BHC, β- BHC, γ- BHC, Heptachlor, Aldrin, Heptachlor Epoxide, γ- Chlordane, α- Chlordane, α- Endosulfan, 4,4 DDE, Dieldrin, Endrin, 4,4 DDD, β- Endosulfan, 4,4 DDT, Endosulfan sulphate, Methoxychlor, and Endrin Ketone) in shrimp. The method was validated by evaluating the accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ). The average recoveries of the selected pesticides ranged from 84% to 106% with RSDr ≤ 14% in four fortification levels of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mg kg-1. The linearity was ≥ 0.996 for all of the selected pesticides with matrix matched calibration standards. The LOD ranged from 0.003 to 0.009 mg kg-1 and the LOQ was 0.05 mg kg-1. This method was applied successfully for the residue analysis of 40 shrimp samples collected from different regions in Bangladesh.SAARC J. Agri., 16(1): 81-93 (2018)

Download Full-text

Pesticide Residues in Composited Milk Collected Through the U.S. Pasteurized Milk Network

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoac/76.6.1220 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 76 (6) ◽

pp. 1220-1225 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

William J Trotter ◽

Richard Dickerson

Keyword(s):

Environmental Protection Agency ◽

Pesticide Residues ◽

Metropolitan Areas ◽

Limit Of Detection ◽

Residue Analysis ◽

Monitoring Program ◽

Monthly Basis ◽

Pasteurized Milk ◽

Contract Laboratory ◽

The U.S

Abstract The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has implemented a comprehensive monitoring program to determine the incidence and levels of organohalogen pesticide residues in milk representing most of the U.S. supply consumed in metropolitan areas. Residue findings for 806 composite milks collected through the Pasteurized Milk Program by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1990-1991 are reported. Milk was collected on a monthly basis from 63 stations selected by EPA for radionuclide monitoring. These stations provide an estimated 80% of the milk delivered to U.S. population centers. At each station, milk from selected sources had been composited to represent the milk routinely consumed in its metropolitan area. Portions of these composites were forwarded to an FDA contract laboratory for pesticide residue analysis. Pesticide residues were found in 398 (49.4%) of 806 test samples, on the basis of a 0.0005 ppm limit of detection for each residue on a whole-product basis. A total of 455 occurrences of pesticide residues were found; p,p’-DDE and dieldrin accounted for 384 (84.4%) of these occurrences. The highest level was 0.019 ppm p,p’- DDE.

Download Full-text

Organochlorine pesticide residues in human milk and estimated daily intake (EDI) for the infants from eastern region of Saudi Arabia

Chemosphere ◽

10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.013 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 164 ◽

pp. 643-648 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

M. Jamal Hajjar ◽

Ahmad Al-Salam

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Human Milk ◽

Organochlorine Pesticide ◽

Pesticide Residues ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Eastern Region ◽

Estimated Daily Intake ◽

Organochlorine Pesticide Residues

Download Full-text

Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Mother's Milk: a Source of Toxic Chemicals in Suckling Infants

Human Toxicology ◽

10.1177/096032718500400102 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 7-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

N. Ramakrishnan ◽

B.S. Kaphalia ◽

T.D. Seth ◽

N.K. Roy

Keyword(s):

Organochlorine Pesticides ◽

Organochlorine Pesticide ◽

Pesticide Residues ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Fat Content ◽

Toxic Chemicals ◽

Whole Milk ◽

Organochlorine Pesticide Residues ◽

Mother's Milk ◽

Mother’S Milk

A total of 24 samples of mother's milk collected during the first week of lactation from four major cities in India (Karnal, Bangalore, Calcutta and Bombay) were analysed for the estimation of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). α-HCH, p,p'-DDE, and p,p'-DDT were generally the main contaminants. The average total 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT) levels stand at 0.05, 0.11, 0.19 and 0.22 p.p.m. (whole-milk basis) in the samples from Bangalore, Calcutta, Karnal and Bombay respectively. In the same order total hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) levels were around 0.01, 0.03, 0.03 and 0.05 p.p.m. Wide variations among OCP levels observed in the present study have no relation with the fat content of the various samples. The samples from Calcutta and Bombay showed significantly high levels of OCPs. The daily intake of total HCH and DDT residues calculated for the suckling infant was significantly higher in the present study when compared with the WHO recommended value.

Download Full-text

Organochlorine pesticide residues and other toxic substances in salted Tenualosa ilisha L.: Northeastern part of India

Foods and raw materials ◽

10.21603/2308-4057-2021-2-201-206 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 201-206

Author(s):

Sanchari Goswami ◽

Kuntal Manna

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Heavy Metals ◽

Organochlorine Pesticide ◽

Pesticide Residues ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

High Performance ◽

Organochlorine Pesticide Residue ◽

Toxic Substances ◽

Organochlorine Pesticide Residues ◽

Tenualosa Ilisha

Introduction. Fish can sometimes be contaminated with several highly toxic substances at once, e.g. heavy metals, pesticides, and preservatives. In this regard, it is essential to determine the presence of these harmful chemicals in fish products. The research objective was to analyze the level of organochlorine pesticide residues and other toxic substances in Tenualosa ilisha L. Study objects and methods. The study featured organochlorine pesticide residues and other toxic substances in raw and cooked samples of fresh and salted T. ilisha, which is a popular dish in Northeast India, especially in the state of Tripura. The analysis involved tests for formaldehyde, pesticides, and heavy metals. Formaldehyde content was estimated using high-performance liquid chromatography, pesticides content – by low-pressure gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, and heavy metals – by inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry. Results and discussion. The salted samples had a high content of formaldehyde, though it remained within the normal range. Both fresh and salted samples demonstrated high concentrations of heavy metals such as zinc, copper, and selenium. The salted sample appeared to have a high content of toxic organochlorine pesticide residues. Frying and boiling of fresh and salted fish decreased formaldehyde and organochlorine pesticide residue contents but did not reduce heavy metal content. Conclusion. T. ilisha was found to be quite safe for human health.

Download Full-text

Monitoring Pesticide Residues in Egyptian Fruits and Vegetables in 1995

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoac/82.4.948 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 82 (4) ◽

pp. 948-955 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Salwa M Dogheim ◽

Sohair A Gad Alla ◽

Ashraf M El-Marsafy ◽

Safaa M Fahmy

Keyword(s):

Organochlorine Pesticide ◽

Pest Control ◽

Pesticide Residues ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Synthetic Pyrethroids ◽

Fruit And Vegetable ◽

Vegetable Samples ◽

Codex Committee ◽

Maximum Residue Limits ◽

Organochlorine Pesticide Residues

Abstract Organophosphorus, dithiocarbamates, and some synthetic pyrethroids pesticides, which are commonly used in Egypt for pest control, were monitored, as well as persistent organochlorines, which had been prohibited from use several years ago. Fruit and vegetable samples (397) were collected from 8 local markets and examined for 52 pesticides. Of all analyzed samples, 42.8% contained detectable residues, of which 1.76% exceeded their maximum residue limits (MRLs). The rates of contamination with the different pesticides were 0-86%. However, violation rates among contaminated products were very low, ranging from 0 to 4.6%. In general, organochlorine pesticide residues were not detected in most samples. Dithiocarbamate residues were found in 70.4% of 98 samples analyzed for dithiocarbamates, but only one grape sample had residues exceeding the MRL established by the Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues.

Download Full-text

Risk and Regulation: Methylmercury Exposure and Fish Consumption

Vanderbilt Undergraduate Research Journal ◽

10.15695/vurj.v6i0.2880 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

Author(s):

Jonathan M Gendzier

Keyword(s):

Environmental Protection Agency ◽

Fish Consumption ◽

Government Regulation ◽

Mercury Emissions ◽

Methylmercury Exposure ◽

Exposure Levels ◽

Aquatic Food ◽

Reference Doses ◽

Fish And Shellfish ◽

Global Cycle

Exposure to organic mercury (methylmercury) occurs almost universally due to ingestion via contaminated fish and shellfish tissue. Ultimate sources of mercury consist of air release by domestic industrial combustion, mining, and international mercury emissions transported via a global cycle. Deposition of mercury from air to surface waters results in methylation to organic methylmercury and bioaccumulation in the aquatic food web. Health effects from methylmercury exposure consist mainly of neurological and neurodevelopmental effects, with fetuses particularly sensitive. Thus regulation of methylmercury exposure has concentrated on acceptable exposure levels and reference doses aimed toward protecting developing fetuses. The risk of methylmercury exposure in humans is regulated largely by the federal government, especially by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The EPA imposes limits on mercury emissions and seeks to research methylmercury levels in fish and humans. The EPA sets a reference dose for methylmercury exposure. The FDA conducts uses date on methylmercury levels in fish to advise consumers on how to make informed decisions regarding fish consumption. There are numerous shortcoming to government regulation of this issue. Further scientific research, improved implementation of available data and scientific conclusions, and improved public communication of risk would all lead to more effective treatment of the risk of methylmercury exposure via ingestion of fish and shellfish. This could include more effective monitoring systems of human and fish methylmercury levels, research into the process of bioaccumulation, and implementation of stricter fish labeling standards, as well as research into higher-risk subpopulations allowing for targeted standards and recommendations.

Download Full-text