Strengthening Zinc Supplementation and ORS Distribution in the Treatment of Childhood Diarrhoea in Select Rural and Urban Areas of Afghanistan through Capacity Building of Public and Private Sector Health Personnel and Strengthening Supply Chain Management

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 485-486
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Shinwari ◽  
Manoj Raut
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Personnel ◽  
Zinc Supplementation ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Public And Private Sector

scholarly journals MASS PATTERNS OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN TAMIL NADU

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (9(SE)) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Rajendran ◽  
Udaya Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Educational Service ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

Education plays a vital role for economic development of any nation. It reduces social and economic disparities in society. This study explores the public and private higher educational institutions and literacy level of Tamil Nadu. The literacy rate indicates educational level of total population. Education makes and ushers knowledge economy of a country. The importance of educational service is forever growing in the public and private sectors. Education facilitates the acquisition of new technology, skills and knowledge that ultimately increases productivity in rural and urban areas of India. Public and Private partnership institutions play an important role in delivering educational service in the society and itsrole for delivering general and technical educationfor achieving economic development and its producing skill and knowledge of  human resource.

scholarly journals Evernia Goes to School: Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals and Photosynthetic Performance in Lichen Transplants Exposed Indoors and Outdoors in Public and Private Environments

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Paoli ◽  
Zuzana Fačkovcová ◽  
Anna Guttová ◽  
Caterina Maccelli ◽  
Katarína Kresáňová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Evernia Prunastri ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

Recently indoor air quality (IAQ) has become a key issue, especially in schools, where children spend most of the day. Only in a few cases IAQ was investigated using lichens as biomonitors. During autumn 2017, lichens (Evernia prunastri) were exposed for two months indoors and outdoors in public (schools) and private (dwellings) environments, in both rural and urban areas of Slovakia. The bioaccumulation of selected elements and the physiological status of the samples were considered. The content of heavy metals increased in samples exposed outdoors for 11 out of 12 elements (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, S, Sb, V and Zn, but not Ca) in the urban area and for 5 (As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Sb) in the rural area. Indoor concentrations were overall similar, both in rural and urban buildings, independently of the outdoor conditions. An indoor accumulation occurred only for Cd, Cu and Pb. An indoor origin was suggested for Cd, while for Cu and Pb, outdoor penetration (car traffic) is the likely cause of indoor values. Indoor exposed lichens maintained their vitality (as reflected by chlorophyll a fluorescence emission). This latter result further supports the use of lichen biomonitoring as a suitable method for assessing IAQ.

scholarly journals The use of Public-Private Partnerships in Health Supply Chain Management in Rwanda

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-256
Author(s):  
Evariste Byomuhangi ◽  
Pierre Claver Kayumba ◽  
Stella Matutina Umuhoza
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Medical Products ◽  
Health Commodities

BackgroundThe Government of Rwanda considers the private sector to play an important role in supporting provision of strategic national investments through Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs).ObjectiveThis study aims to describe the various aspects of PPPs in Health Supply Chain Management (HSCM) in Rwanda.MethodsA questionnaire was used to collect data from health professionals and individuals familiar with HSCM Public-Private Partnerships for this descriptive, cross-sectional and quantitative study.ResultsThe PPP interventional areas used in HSCM in Rwanda were namely supply of commodities (99%), delivered health Information Technology (IT) supplies and equipment (operate) (53%), finance (52%), and maintenance area (40%). The main challenges were limited conversation and absence of formal platforms for public and private engagement (83.7%) and complex procurement requirements for medical products and equipment by public institutions (73.3%). The strategies to improve the PPPs in HSCM were effective coordination of PPPs (93.3%) and improved dialogue and formal platforms (90.6%)ConclusionThese findings indicated that private sector through PPPs plays an important role in HSCM in Rwanda. The engagement of the private sector can increase the financial support in terms of financing HSCM activities like supply of health commodities and equipment. Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2021;4(2): 237-256

scholarly journals Economic Impact Of Covid-19 And Change In Value System

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Bilal Ahmad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Value System ◽  
Supply Chain Networks ◽  
Mass Gatherings ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Health Organization

Mankind has observed various pandemics throughout history where some of were more disastrous than the others to the humans. We are observing a very tough time once again fighting an invisible enemy; the novel COVID-19 coronavirus. Initially identified in the Wuhan province of China, and then rapidly spread across the world. The pandemic caused by COVID-19 has created a shock, putting all global population under lockdown. The worldwide spread of the pandemic resulted in unfathomable economic fallouts; zero economic activity, disruption of supply chain networks, falling global demands. The COVID-19 global crisis continues to disrupt social chains. Although there is no vaccine available and in order to prevent and avoid COVID-19, World Health Organization recommended avoiding large events and mass gatherings. The effects of COVID-19 on education, businesses, laborers’ and families have been adverse. The main objective of the study is to assess the disruptions caused by Covid-19 on supply chain both in rural and urban areas and further analyze the effect of Covid-19 on inter and intra district mobility movement of labour and consequent human psychology and value system.

scholarly journals Consumption and Trade of Wheat and Flour in Pakistan - The Role of Public and Private Sectors

1985 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-171
Author(s):  
Peter A. Cornelisse ◽  
Hans De Kruijk
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Wheat Market

This article, the second of two articles In this Review on the operation of the wheat market in Pakistan,- describes the various sources from which consumers in the Punjab, Sind and the NWFP obtain wheat and flour. There appear to be considerable differences in the patterns of wheat provisioning, if consumers are distinguished by province, rural and urban areas and household income. Further, an evaluation is made of the performance of private traders in wheat- and flour-markets. These findings are then used to examine whether the position of self-sufficiency in wheat, which the country has recently achieved, provides arguments for revising the wheat-market policies adopted during a period when the situation was much less favourable.

scholarly journals Attitudes and Factors Associated With Occurrence of Gender-Based Violence in Rural and Urban Households in Ibadan

2020 ◽  
pp. 115-121
Author(s):  
Adegbite Motunrade Betty
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Family Influence ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Urban Households ◽  
Favourable Attitude ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Gender Based

Gender-Based Violence (GBV) is the resultant of gender-related power inequalities at both public and private spheres. GBV occurrence in rural and urban areas of Ibadan is the focus of this study. The study evaluated the attitude and factors associated with GBV occurrence among rural and urban households in Ibadan, Nigeria. Data were collected from 200 respondents in Ibadan using interview schedule and structured questionnaire. Descriptive (frequency counts and percentages) and inferential statistics (PPMC and Regression analysis) were used to analyse the data collected. Many of the respondents (53.3%) had a favourable attitude against GBV. Household size (β = 0.204), attitude against GBV (β = -0.394), family influence (β = 0.287), superiority complex (β = 0.633) and substance abuse (β = 0.347) were factors associated with the rate of GBV occurrence. Despite the favourable attitude of people against GBV, the menace is still prevalent in the society. The general public needs enlightenment on the jeopardy associated with GBV. It is therefore recommended that suitable strategies like social media advocacy and entertainment education be put in place to enlighten the populace on the magnitudes of GBV occurrence so as to abate it among inhabitants.

An Overview of Fruits and Vegetables' Retail Supply Chain Models in India

2020 ◽  
pp. 1265-1284
Author(s):  
Saurav Negi ◽  
Neeraj Anand
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Retail Sector ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Sustainable Income ◽  
Retail Formats

India is the second largest food producer in the world. Various high temperate Fruits and Vegetables (F&V) are widely grown in Himalayas and Terai region of India. They are important to the various retailers in the plain areas across all the seasons. It has gained its credibility for providing sustainable income, nutritional security and for providing employment opportunities by retailing, both in rural and urban areas. As the population is increasing, demand for fresh F&V are also increasing day by day, but at the same time various issues are hindering the growth of retail sector. This chapter presents an overview of F&V retail supply chain in India as it plays a very vital role in the growth of Indian economy, and is also directly related to the health and happiness of the customers. The different types of retail supply chain models which are currently followed by Indian F&V retail formats/retailers (traditional or unorganized retailers and modern or organized retailers) and various issues related to the retail supply chain of this sector are also discussed in this chapter.

An Overview of Fruits and Vegetables' Retail Supply Chain Models in India

2016 ◽  
pp. 170-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saurav Negi ◽  
Neeraj Anand
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Retail Sector ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Sustainable Income ◽  
Retail Formats

India is the second largest food producer in the world. Various high temperate Fruits and Vegetables (F&V) are widely grown in Himalayas and Terai region of India. They are important to the various retailers in the plain areas across all the seasons. It has gained its credibility for providing sustainable income, nutritional security and for providing employment opportunities by retailing, both in rural and urban areas. As the population is increasing, demand for fresh F&V are also increasing day by day, but at the same time various issues are hindering the growth of retail sector. This chapter presents an overview of F&V retail supply chain in India as it plays a very vital role in the growth of Indian economy, and is also directly related to the health and happiness of the customers. The different types of retail supply chain models which are currently followed by Indian F&V retail formats/retailers (traditional or unorganized retailers and modern or organized retailers) and various issues related to the retail supply chain of this sector are also discussed in this chapter.

scholarly journals Customer Satisfaction towards Services of Public and Private Sector Banks

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-27
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Satisfaction Level ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Public And Private Sector

The satisfaction of the customers is very important factor in all service industries to enhance and improve the profitability and financial performance of the concern. Banking sector is purely financial service industry and the customer’s satisfaction is much more important to run banking business successfully. The satisfaction level of the customers is varying due to different kinds of banking services. There are many factors that are responsible in the discrimination of the services for different types of banking customers and lead to uneven satisfaction level. In India, Private and Public sector banks are providing the financial services to the different types of customers in rural and urban areas.

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