Cryptosporidium and Rotavirus Diarrhoea in Children under the Age of Five Years in FCT Abuja, Nigeria

Introduction: Diarrhoea is the second leading cause of death among children, and Nigeria has the continent's highest mortality with little information on the specific cause, proportion affected by Cryptosporidium and Rotavirus, and the prevalent genotypes for Rotavirus. Aim: To identify children with diarrhoea, in Abuja in the Federal Capital Territory; to estimate the proportion of children with Cryptosporidium and rotavirus diarrhoea. Study Design: One-year cross-sectional study of children under five years with acute diarrhea. Duration: The study was conducted in Abuja from June 2018 to May 2019. Methodology: Cryptosporidium and Rotavirus ELISA were done with commercially available kits. Results: Stool samples were collected from 1450 participants, of whom 1185 (81.7%) were ambulatory, 109 (7.5%) were hospitalized, and 156 (10.7%) were controls without diarrhoea. Cryptosporidium-ELISA was positive among 274 (21.1%) children with diarrhoea and 23 (1.7%) of children without diarrhoea, with August and September as peak months for infection. Rotavirus-ELISA was positive among 231 (17.8%) children with diarrhoea and 29 (2.2%) controls, with November, December, and January as peak months. Children of 12 to 17 months were most affected for both and Rotavirus (39.8%) and Cryptosporidium (37.2%). Conclusion: Cryptosporidium and Rotavirus are essential pathogens in children, especially among Rotavirus unvaccinated children in Abuja. Local and national infrastructure is inadequate for essential surveillance of diarrhoeal disease, and this will have to be improved, together with access to virological and parasitic stool testing, to monitor the planned vaccine program, especially for Rotavirus.

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Norovirus genogroup correlation with acute diarrhea severity in Indonesian pediatric patients aged 1-60 months: a cross-sectional study

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.21069.2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 2130

Author(s):

Alpha Fardah Athiyyah ◽

Katsumi Shigemura ◽

Koichi Kitagawa ◽

Nazara Agustina ◽

Andy Darma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Diarrhea ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Severe Diarrhea ◽

Stool Samples ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Norovirus Gii ◽

Mild Diarrhea

Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between norovirus genogroup and severity of acute diarrhea in pediatric patients at the Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 31 participants aged 1-60 months admitted to the hospital with acute diarrhea from April 2012 to March 2013. Norovirus genogroups (GI and II) were identified from patient stool using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Severity was measured using the Ruuska and Vesikari scoring system. Results: In total, 91 stool samples were obtained, of which 31 (19%) were norovirus positive. Norovirus GI was found in one sample with mild diarrhea. Norovirus GII was found in 30 samples (96.8%); one sample with mild diarrhea (3.3%), 20 samples with moderate diarrhea (66.7%), and nine samples with severe diarrhea (30%). Conclusion: Norovirus GII was the most prevalent cause of acute diarrhea and 30% of the cases manifested as severe diarrhea.

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Norovirus genogroup correlation with acute diarrhea severity in Indonesian pediatric patients aged 1-60 months: a cross-sectional study

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.21069.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 2130

Author(s):

Alpha Fardah Athiyyah ◽

Katsumi Shigemura ◽

Koichi Kitagawa ◽

Nazara Agustina ◽

Andy Darma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Diarrhea ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Severe Diarrhea ◽

Stool Samples ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Norovirus Gii ◽

Mild Diarrhea

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Clinical manifestation of norovirus infection in children aged less than five years old admitted with acute diarrhea in Surabaya, Indonesia: a cross-sectional study

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.21069.3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 2130 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alpha Fardah Athiyyah ◽

Katsumi Shigemura ◽

Koichi Kitagawa ◽

Nazara Agustina ◽

Andy Darma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Manifestation ◽

Acute Diarrhea ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Severe Diarrhea ◽

Stool Samples ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Norovirus Gii ◽

Mild Diarrhea

Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical manifestation of norovirus infection between norovirus genogroup and severity of acute diarrhea in pediatric patients at the Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 31 participants aged 1-60 months admitted to the hospital with acute diarrhea from April 2012 to March 2013. Norovirus genogroups (GI and II) were identified from patient stool using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Severity was measured using the Ruuska and Vesikari scoring system. Results: In total, 94 stool samples were obtained, of which 31 (19%) were norovirus positive. Norovirus GI was found in one sample with mild diarrhea. Norovirus GII was found in 30 samples (96.8%); one sample with mild diarrhea (3.3%), 20 samples with moderate diarrhea (66.7%), and nine samples with severe diarrhea (30%). Conclusion: Norovirus GII was the most prevalent cause of acute diarrhea and 30% of the cases manifested as severe diarrhea.

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Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) Evaluation of Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh ◽

10.3329/jninb.v6i2.50745 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 78-81

Author(s):

Md Tauhidul Islam Chowdhury ◽

Mohammad Shah Jahirul Hoque Chowdhury ◽

Mohammad Sadekur Rahman Sarkar ◽

KM Ahasan Ahmed ◽

Md Nazmul Kabir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽

Computed Tomography Angiography ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Multiple Aneurysm ◽

Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽

One Year ◽

Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Background: In evaluation of non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage CT angiography (CTA) has 97-98% sensitivity and near 100% specificity. Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the CTA findings of CT positive non traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage. Methodology: This is an observational cross sectional study performed in Neurology department of National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital, Dhaka over one year period (January 2019 to December 2019). Total 87 CT positive subarachnoid hemorrhage cases were purposively included in this study. All CT positive patients underwent CTA of Cerebral vessels for further evaluation. The angiography were evaluated by competent neuro-radiologists blinded about the study. Result: Among 87 patients, 40.2% were male and 59.8% were female. The average age was 53.33±11.1 years. Among the studied patient the source of bleeding was found 78.16% aneurysmal and 21.84% non-aneurysmal. 85.30% patients had single aneurysm and 14.70% had multiple aneurysm. The highest number of patient had Acom aneurysm (41.17%) followed by MCA (22.05%), ICA (13.23%), ACA (7.35%) and vertebral artery (1.14%) in order of frequency. Among the multiple aneurysm group most of the patients had combination of Acom, MCA and ICA aneurysm. Conclusion: From this study, we can conclude that CTA can be used as the primary diagnostic tool in evaluation of spontaneous SAH. Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2020;6(2): 78-81

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Role of Fibrinolytic Therapy in Empyema Thoracis – A Hospital Based one year Cross Sectional Study

International Journal of Scientific Research ◽

10.15373/22778179/feb2013/116 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 345-350

Author(s):

Dr. Girish.L Dandagi ◽

◽

Venkat kalyana kumar. P ◽

Dr. Dr.Isaac Mathew ◽

Dr. Dr.G S Gaude Dr. Dr.G S Gaude

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Fibrinolytic Therapy ◽

Empyema Thoracis ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

One Year

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Characteristics of bacterial pathogens associated with acute diarrhea in children under 5 years of age: a hospital-based cross-sectional study.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.726407021.793542313 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Alfredo Guarino

Keyword(s):

Acute Diarrhea ◽

Bacterial Pathogens ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Children Under 5

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The Prevalence of Insecticide Treated Net/malaria :cross section study (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.16825 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Chanda Chalela

Keyword(s):

Study Design ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Malaria Prevalence ◽

Malaria Patient ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Itn Use ◽

Structured Questionnaire

BACKGROUND ABSTRACT Introduction a study on prevalence of ITN use was carried out in Buchi community Kitwe Zambia from August to October 2019 OBJECTIVE Prevalence of ITN in BUchi METHODS Methodology: This was a cross sectional study design. A structured questionnaire was used to ascertain ownership and utilization and oral interviews, 200 households were targeted 844 individual covered across the 200 households. Data was analyzed with SPSS version 23. RESULTS ABSTRACT Introduction a study on prevalence of ITN use was carried out in Buchi community Kitwe Zambia from August to October 2019 Methodology: This was a cross sectional study design. A structured questionnaire was used to ascertain ownership and utilization and oral interviews, 200 households were targeted 844 individual covered across the 200 households. Data was analyzed with SPSS version 23. Findings: household ownership of at least an ITN was 52% and individual utilization at 37.6%, with 0.825 ITN/households and 0.195ITN /individual. Malaria prevalence of 52.4% /household and a 12.4% of the population. With 47.6% malaria patient coming from households with ITN and 60% of households with ITN have insufficient coverage.61% of malaria patient were female and 31 % male. however there was no significant relation between Gender and malaria prevalence in study area (p value was >0.05). Malaria cases distribution with age groups, 0-15yrs old represented 49.5%, 16-30 yrs., was at 27.6% and the over 30 yrs. case were at 22.9% .use of other preventive measures 23% used mosquito repellent ,others methods 1% with those not using any other methods 76%. CONCLUSIONS Conclusion The study showed clearly that malaria still poses a problem .the prevalence rate of malaria was still high 12.4% of the population and 52.4% of households. With high prevalence of malaria of 49.5% for 0-15yrs.the difference between ownership 52% and Utilization 37.6% showed that even household with ITN, the ITN were not sufficient.60% of households with ITN, the ITN were not sufficient for all occupants

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Associations between exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and body fat evaluated by DXA and MRI in 109 adolescent boys

Environmental Health ◽

10.1186/s12940-021-00758-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mathilde Lolk Thomsen ◽

Louise Scheutz Henriksen ◽

Jeanette Tinggaard ◽

Flemming Nielsen ◽

Tina Kold Jensen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Fat ◽

Study Design ◽

Sulfonic Acid ◽

Standard Deviation Score ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Mass Spectrometry Data ◽

Perfluoroalkyl Substances ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Total Body

Abstract Background Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) has been associated with changes in body mass index and adiposity, but evidence is inconsistent as study design, population age, follow-up periods and exposure levels vary between studies. We investigated associations between PFAS exposure and body fat in a cross-sectional study of healthy boys. Methods In 109 boys (10–14 years old), magnetic resonance imaging and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were performed to evaluate abdominal, visceral fat, total body, android, gynoid, android/gynoid ratio, and total fat percentage standard deviation score. Serum was analysed for perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid, perfluorononanoic acid, and perfluorodecanoic acid using liquid chromatography and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Data were analysed by multivariate linear regression. Results Serum concentrations of PFASs were low. Generally, no clear associations between PFAS exposure and body fat measures were found; however, PFOS was negatively associated with abdominal fat (β = -0.18, P = 0.046), android fat (β = -0.34, P = 0.022), android/gynoid ratio (β = -0.21, P = 0.004), as well as total body fat (β = -0.21, P = 0.079) when adjusting for Tanner stage. Conclusions Overall, we found no consistent associations between PFAS exposure and body fat. This could be due to our cross-sectional study design. Furthermore, we assessed PFAS exposure in adolescence and not in utero, which is considered a more vulnerable time window of exposure.

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Gut Microbiome Composition Remains Stable in Individuals with Diabetes-Related Early to Late Stage Chronic Kidney Disease

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines9010019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 19

Author(s):

Ashani Lecamwasam ◽

Tiffanie M. Nelson ◽

Leni Rivera ◽

Elif I. Ekinci ◽

Richard Saffery ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Early Event ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Microbiome Composition ◽

Stool Samples ◽

Late Stages

(1) Background: Individuals with diabetes and chronic kidney disease display gut dysbiosis when compared to healthy controls. However, it is unknown whether there is a change in dysbiosis across the stages of diabetic chronic kidney disease. We investigated a cross-sectional study of patients with early and late diabetes associated chronic kidney disease to identify possible microbial differences between these two groups and across each of the stages of diabetic chronic kidney disease. (2) Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 95 adults. DNA extracted from collected stool samples were used for 16S rRNA sequencing to identify the bacterial community in the gut. (3) Results: The phylum Firmicutes was the most abundant and its mean relative abundance was similar in the early and late chronic kidney disease group, 45.99 ± 0.58% and 49.39 ± 0.55%, respectively. The mean relative abundance for family Bacteroidaceae, was also similar in the early and late group, 29.15 ± 2.02% and 29.16 ± 1.70%, respectively. The lower abundance of Prevotellaceae remained similar across both the early 3.87 ± 1.66% and late 3.36 ± 0.98% diabetic chronic kidney disease groups. (4) Conclusions: The data arising from our cohort of individuals with diabetes associated chronic kidney disease show a predominance of phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. The families Ruminococcaceae and Bacteroidaceae represent the highest abundance, while the beneficial Prevotellaceae family were reduced in abundance. The most interesting observation is that the relative abundance of these gut microbes does not change across the early and late stages of diabetic chronic kidney disease, suggesting that this is an early event in the development of diabetes associated chronic kidney disease. We hypothesise that the dysbiotic microbiome acquired during the early stages of diabetic chronic kidney disease remains relatively stable and is only one of many risk factors that influence progressive kidney dysfunction.

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