scholarly journals Rational Use of Antibiotics – A Point Prevalence Study Carried out at a Tertiary Hospital in South-South Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Okechukwu Chioma
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Prescribing Patterns ◽  
Prevalence Study ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Point Prevalence Study ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Rational Use Of Antibiotics

Introduction: The burden of antibiotic resistance in the hospitals and communities is progressively worsening hence the critical need to put into practice all the key components of rational use of antibiotics in our daily patient interactions. This paper aims to highlight the problem of antibiotic resistance, the importance of rational use of antibiotics and to show an on the spot sketch of the antibiotic use pattern among in-patients in the children wards in a tertiary hospital. Methodology: A brief review of the existing literature on antibiotic resistance and the rational use of antibiotics was done. A one-day cross-sectional point prevalence study was conducted in the children wards in UPTH and all children receiving antibiotics on that day, identified. The prevalence of antibiotic use was determined by dividing the number of inpatients on antibiotics at the time of the survey by the total number of patients on admission. Data were presented in percentages using pie and bar charts. Results: There were a total of 40 children on admission in the paediatric wards with a Male: Female ratio of 1.2:1. 34 (85.0%) of the children on admission were receiving at least one antibiotic. The most common route of administration of the antibiotics was the intravenous route (94.1%). The five most commonly prescribed antibiotics in the children medical wards and the emergency ward were Ceftriaxone, Gentamycin, Cefuroxime, Metronidazole and Crystalline penicillin, while the five most common antibiotics prescribed in the special care baby unit were Gentamycin, Ceftazidime, Ceftriaxone, Metronidazole and Ofloxacin. Only 10 (29.4%) out of children receiving antibiotics had a microbiology culture result available, and 4 were receiving antibiotics in line with the culture sensitivity pattern. Two (5.9%) children had a multidrug-resistant infection. Conclusion: This study showed a high prevalence of antibiotic use among inpatients and low utilization of microbiology culture results in the choice of antibiotics in a tertiary hospital in South-south Nigeria. Antibiotic prescribing patterns among healthcare workers should be improved upon by training and retraining of personnel as well as strict adherence to antibiotic prescription guidelines.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial prescribing in long-term care facilities: a nationwide point-prevalence study, Slovenia, 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (46) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dora Stepan ◽  
Lea Ušaj ◽  
Marija Petek Šter ◽  
Marjetka Smolinger Galun ◽  
Hermina Smole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Study ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Point Prevalence Study ◽  
Care Facilities

Residents in long-term care are at high risk of infections because of their old age and many related health problems that lead to frequent antibiotic prescribing. The aim of the study was to assess antibiotic use in Slovenian long-term care facilities (LTCFs). The point-prevalence study was conducted between April and June 2016. Online questionnaires were sent to all Slovenian LTCFs. Eighty (68.4%) of the 117 LTCFs contacted, caring for 13,032 residents (70.6% of all Slovenian LTCF residents), responded to the survey. On the day of the study, the mean antibiotic prevalence per LTCF was 2.4% (95% confidence interval: 1.94–2.66). Most (70.2%) of the residents taking antibiotics were female. Most residents were being treated for respiratory tract (42.7%) or urinary tract (33.3%) infections. Co-amoxiclav and fluoroquinolones were the most frequently prescribed antibiotics (41.0% and 22.3% respectively). Microbiological tests were performed for 5.2% of residents receiving antibiotics. Forty nine (19.8%) residents receiving antibiotics were colonised with multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR). Antibiotic use in Slovenian LTCFs is not very high, but most prescribed antibiotics are broad-spectrum. Together with low use of microbiological testing and high prevalence of colonisation with MDR bacteria the situation is worrisome and warrants the introduction of antimicrobial stewardship interventions.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Rationality of Antibiotic use in the Fırat University Hospital: A Point Prevalence Study

ANKEM Dergisi ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayşe SAĞMAK TARTAR ◽  
Affan DENK ◽  
Mehmet ÖZDEN ◽  
Yasemin ÇELİK KIRIK ◽  
Ayhan AKBULUT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Prevalence Study ◽  
Point Prevalence Study

scholarly journals 1134. Antibiotic Indications and Appropriateness in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: A 10 Center Point Prevalence Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S403-S404
Author(s):  
Kathleen Chiotos ◽  
Jennifer Blumenthal ◽  
Juri Boguniewicz ◽  
Debra Palazzi ◽  
Emily Berkman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Empiric Therapy ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Study ◽  
Point Prevalence Study

Abstract Background Antibiotics are prescribed in up to 80% of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) patients, but multicenter studies systematically evaluating antibiotic indications and appropriateness in this high-utilizing population are lacking. Methods A multicenter point prevalence study was conducted at 10 geographically diverse tertiary care US children’s hospitals. All PICU patients < 21 years of age who were receiving systemic antibiotics at 8:00 AM on each study day were included. Study days occurred in February and March 2019. Data were abstracted by critical care and/or infectious diseases trained clinicians using standardized data collection forms and definitions of antibiotic appropriateness. Results 408 of 732 PICU patients (56%) received 618 antibiotics on the two study days. Empiric therapy for suspected bacterial infections without sepsis was the most common indication for antibiotics (22%), followed by treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and empiric therapy for septic shock (12% each, Figure 1). Overall, 194 antibiotic orders (32%) were classified as inappropriate and 158 patients (39%) received at least one inappropriate antibiotic. Vancomycin, cefepime, and ceftriaxone were the antibiotics most often inappropriately prescribed (Figure 2). Antibiotics prescribed inappropriately for the top 5 indications shown in Figure 1 accounted for 77% of all inappropriate antibiotic use. Prolonged ( >4 days) empiric therapy and prolonged ( >24 hours) post-operative prophylaxis were the most common reasons antibiotics prescribed for these indications were classified as inappropriate. Pneumonia and ventilator-associated infections were the most common infections for which antibiotics were prescribed inappropriately (46%). Reasons for inappropriate antibiotic use included lack of evidence supporting a bacterial infection (no radiographic infiltrate or significant increase in respiratory support) and use of unnecessarily broad antibiotics (Table 1). Conclusion Inappropriate antibiotic use is common in the PICU, particularly for pneumonia. Studies focused on defining optimal treatment strategies, as well as improved diagnostic approaches to curtail prolonged courses of empiric therapy, should be prioritized. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Assessment of inappropriate antibiotic use in pediatric patients: Point-prevalence study

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayse Betul Ergul ◽  
◽  
Ikbal Gokcek ◽  
Taylan Celik ◽  
Yasemin Altuner Torun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Study ◽  
Point Prevalence Study

scholarly journals Study on knowledge, attitude and practices with respect to antibiotic use among medical students

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1628
Author(s):  
Bhavika D. ◽  
A. Naga Teja Pavani ◽  
G. Meghavani ◽  
Aditya Jillella ◽  
Sameer Uz Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Educational Strategies ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Response Options ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Global Problem ◽  
Rational Use Of Antibiotics

Background: Antibiotic resistance has emerged as a serious global problem. Irrational prescribing of antibiotics is one of the key factors responsible for the development of antibiotic resistance. As today’s medical students will be the future prescribers their awareness regarding antibiotic resistance and rational prescribing of antibiotics is very much important. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices of the medical students towards antibiotic use.Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted involving the medical students from all the semesters. A predesigned questionnaire was used to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices of the respondents. The response options were ‘yes’ or ‘no’ for some questions, and a 5 point Likert scale used to assess some questions. The data was analyzed using MS office Excel.Results: A total of 457 fully completed questionnaires from the respondents were evaluated. Majority of the respondents (70%) were females, and 91% of the respondents were aware of antibiotic resistance as a global problem. On analysis of score of questions assessing knowledge, 91% of respondents had attained a score in the range of 5-7. Majority (83%) of the respondents used antibiotics only on doctor’s prescription and 74% of the respondents had completed the prescribed course.Conclusions: The present study gives an insight on the knowledge, attitude and practices of medical students on antibiotic use, and can be used as a tool to plan educational strategies to improve the knowledge of the students regarding rational use of antibiotics.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Use Among Hospitalized Children and Neonates in China: Results From Quarterly Point Prevalence Surveys in 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chu-ning Wang ◽  
Jianning Tong ◽  
Bin Yi ◽  
Benedikt D. Huttner ◽  
Yibing Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Prescribing Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Common Diagnosis ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Impact

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a significant clinical problem in pediatric practice in China. Surveillance of antibiotic use is one of the cornerstones to assess the quality of antibiotic use and plan and assess the impact of antibiotic stewardship interventions.Methods: We carried out quarterly point prevalence surveys referring to WHO Methodology of Point Prevalence Survey in 16 Chinese general and children’s hospitals in 2019 to assess antibiotic use in pediatric inpatients based on the WHO AWaRe metrics and to detect potential problem areas. Data were retrieved via the hospital information systems on the second Monday of March, June, September and December. Antibiotic prescribing patterns were analyzed across and within diagnostic conditions and ward types according to WHO AWaRe metrics and Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification.Results: A total of 22,327 hospitalized children were sampled, of which 14,757 (66.1%) were prescribed ≥1 antibiotic. Among the 3,936 sampled neonates (≤1 month), 59.2% (n = 2,331) were prescribed ≥1 antibiotic. A high percentage of combination antibiotic therapy was observed in PICUs (78.5%), pediatric medical wards (68.1%) and surgical wards (65.2%). For hospitalized children prescribed ≥1 antibiotic, the most common diagnosis on admission were lower respiratory tract infections (43.2%, n = 6,379). WHO Watch group antibiotics accounted for 70.4% of prescriptions (n = 12,915). The most prescribed antibiotic ATC classes were third-generation cephalosporins (41.9%, n = 7,679), followed by penicillins/β-lactamase inhibitors (16.1%, n = 2,962), macrolides (12.1%, n = 2,214) and carbapenems (7.7%, n = 1,331).Conclusion: Based on these data, overuse of broad-spectrum Watch group antibiotics is common in Chinese pediatric inpatients. Specific interventions in the context of the national antimicrobial stewardship framework should aim to reduce the use of Watch antibiotics and routine surveillance of antibiotic use using WHO AWaRe metrics should be implemented.

scholarly journals Point prevalence study of antibiotic use in a paediatric hospital in Italy

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (41) ◽  
Author(s):  
M L Ciofi Degli Atti ◽  
M Raponi ◽  
A E Tozzi ◽  
G Ciliento ◽  
J Ceradini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Study ◽  
Point Prevalence Study ◽  
Paediatric Hospital ◽  
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