scholarly journals Pilot Study and Review: Physiological Differences in BDNF, a Potential Biomarker in Males and Females with Autistic Disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eve Spratt ◽  
Ann-Charlotte Granholm ◽  
Laura Carpenter ◽  
Heather Boger ◽  
Carrie Papa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Autistic Disorder ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Physiological Differences

Do I Shoot Faster Because I Am Thinking about an Outgroup or a Threatening Outgroup?

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Mange ◽  
Keren Sharvit ◽  
Nicolas Margas ◽  
Cécile Sénémeaud
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Target Group ◽  
Main Study ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract. This research examines if aggressive responses through a shooter bias are systematically generated by priming outgroups or if a threat stereotypically associated with the primed outgroup is required. First, a pilot study identified outgroups stereotypically associated and not associated with threat. Afterwards, the main study included a manipulation of target group accessibility – ingroup versus nonthreatening outgroup versus threatening outgroup. Following exposure to primes of the group categories, the participants in all conditions played a shooter game in which the targets were males and females with ambiguous ethnicity and religion. Results demonstrated that while only priming of an outgroup stereotypically associated with threat elicits aggressive responses, priming of both nonthreatening and threatening outgroups leads to an increase in the ability to distinguish between stimuli compared to ingroup priming. These effects are discussed in terms of priming effects, dimensions of threat, and possible interpretations of this ability increase.

Olanzapine Versus Haloperidol in Children With Autistic Disorder: An Open Pilot Study

2001 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 887-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD P. MALONE ◽  
JACQUELINE CATER ◽  
ROOMANA M. SHEIKH ◽  
MUNIYA S. CHOUDHURY ◽  
MARY ANNE DELANEY
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Autistic Disorder ◽  
Open Pilot

Anticipatory and Reactive Grip Force Control in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Anna Gabriel ◽  
Carolin T. Lehner ◽  
Chiara Höhler ◽  
Thomas Schneider ◽  
Tessa P.T. Pfeiffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Force Control ◽  
Grip Force ◽  
Object Manipulation ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Grip Force Control ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Neurological Conditions

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) affects several cognitive functions and causes altered motor function. Fine motor deficits during object manipulation are evident in other neurological conditions, but have not been assessed in dementia patients yet. Objective: Investigate reactive and anticipatory grip force control in response to unexpected and expected load force perturbation in AD. Methods: Reactive and anticipatory grip force was investigated using a grip-device with force sensors. In this pilot study, fifteen AD patients and fourteen healthy controls performed a catching task. They held the device with one hand while a sandbag was dropped into an attached receptacle either by the experimenter or by the participant. Results: In contrast to studies of other neurological conditions, the majority of AD patients exerted lower static grip force levels than controls. Interestingly, patients who were slow in the Luria’s three-step test produced normal grip forces. The timing and magnitude of reactive grip force control were largely preserved in patients. In contrast, timing and extent of anticipatory grip forces were impaired in patients, although anticipatory control was generally preserved. These deficits were correlated with decreasing Mini-Mental State Examination scores. Apraxia scores, assessed by pantomime of tool-use, did not correlate with performance in the catching task. Conclusion: We interpreted the decreased grip force in AD in the context of loss of strength and lethargy, typical for patients with AD. The lower static grip force during object manipulation may emerge as a potential biomarker for early stages of AD, but more studies with larger sample sizes are necessary.

The Relationship Between Sensory Processing Patterns and Behavioural Responsiveness in Autistic Disorder: A Pilot Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 867-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy E. Z. Baker ◽  
Alison Lane ◽  
Manya T. Angley ◽  
Robyn L. Young
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Autistic Disorder ◽  
Sensory Processing Patterns ◽  
The Relationship

A Pilot Study Comparing Physiological Responses of Phase III Cardiac Patients to Recumbent and Upright Exercise Using the RPE Scale

2005 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meir Magal ◽  
Robert F. Zoeller
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Cardiac Patients ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Physiological Differences ◽  
Stepping Exercise

Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) are used for exercise programming of cardiac rehabilitation patients, whenever it is difficult to use heart rate to set intensity due to medication or other factors. This investigation examined the physiological responses to two stepping exercise modes (upright and recumbent) at the same RPE. Analysis indicated significant physiological differences between the modes of exercise which may be mediated by postural differences. Specifically, the physiological responses to the recumbent exercise, but not the upright exercise, had the expected relationship with RPE, with recumbent stepping requiring less physiological effort than the upright stepping at the same RPE. As such, we cannot recommend with confidence that the prescription for upright exercise be made based on data from recumbent exercise or vice-versa.

Male-Female Differences in Variables Affecting Performance

1978 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 416-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Connie Grasley ◽  
M. M. Ayoub ◽  
Nancy J. Bethea
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Body Dimensions ◽  
Performance Levels ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Performance Matrix ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Physiological Differences ◽  
And Control ◽  
Sensory Process

Literature concerning variables affecting performance levels of males and females was reviewed. Emphasis was placed on literature using both males and females as subjects in the areas of anthropometric, biomechanical, and physiological variables. When literature using both sexes as subjects was not available, comparable studies were considered for possible use. The results of this review indicate that there are sex differences in anthropometry with regard to body dimensions. In biomechanics, sex differences were noted in reach envelopes strength and flexibility in particular. Physiological differences were noted in responses to heat/cold stress and altitude. These differences were then applied to a performance matrix under the categories of sensory, process and control. Differences noted were either very specific or did not exist at all. This is due in part to a lack of research involving variables as they actually affect performance levels between males and females.

scholarly journals Analysis of 27 vascular-related proteins reveals that NT-proBNP is a potential biomarker for Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: A pilot-study

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 114-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Marksteiner ◽  
Douglas Imarhiagbe ◽  
Michaela Defrancesco ◽  
Eberhard A. Deisenhammer ◽  
Georg Kemmler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Related Proteins

scholarly journals Plasma Nervonic Acid Is a Potential Biomarker for Major Depressive Disorder: A Pilot Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Kageyama ◽  
Takaoki Kasahara ◽  
Takemichi Nakamura ◽  
Kotaro Hattori ◽  
Yasuhiko Deguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Nervonic Acid ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Potential Biomarker

scholarly journals Sex-dependent alterations in the physiology of entorhinal cortex neurons in old heterozygous 3xTg-AD mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dany Arsenault ◽  
Cyntia Tremblay ◽  
Vincent Emond ◽  
Frederic Calon
Keyword(s):  
Entorhinal Cortex ◽  
Transgene Expression ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Pulse Ratio ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Hyperpolarization Activated Current ◽  
Physiological Differences ◽  
The Brain

Abstract While the higher prevalence of Alzheimer Disease (AD) is clear, studies suggest that biological sex may also influence its pathogenesis. However, mechanisms behind these differences are not clear. To investigate physiological differences between sexes at the cellular level in the brain, we investigated the intrinsic and synaptic properties of entorhinal cortex neurons in heterozygous 3xTg-AD mice of both sexes at the age of 20 months. This brain region was selected because of its early association with AD symptoms. First, we found physiological differences between male and female non-transgenic mice, providing indirect evidence of axonal alterations in old females. Second, we observed a transgene-dependent elevation of the firing activity, post-burst after hyperpolarization (AHP) and spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) activity, without any effect of sex. Third, the passive properties and the hyperpolarization-activated current (Ih) were altered by transgene expression only in female mice, whereas paired-pulse ratio (PPR) of evoked EPSC was changed only in males. Fourth, both sex and transgene expression were associated with changes in action potential properties. Consistent with previous work, higher levels of Aβ neuropathology were detected in 3xTg-AD females, whereas tau deposition was similar. In summary, our results support the idea that aging and AD neuropathology differentially alter the physiology of entorhinal cortex neurons in males and females.

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