scholarly journals A Review on Adsorption and Desorption of Different Pesticides in Various Soil

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Dhara D. Lunagariya ◽  
K. G. Patel ◽  
Susheel Singh ◽  
Vipulkumar B. Parekh ◽  
T. R. Ahlawat
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adsorption And Desorption ◽  
Pesticide Removal ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

Pesticides are important to the success of agriculture as well as an inevitable factor to maintain good public health. Over the years, the consumption of pesticides has increased manifold, particularly during the past two decades. However, this increase has caused great concern over the presence of residues or leftover pesticides in the environment. The understanding of adsorption and desorption behavior of different pesticides is an important phenomenon to describe the fate of pesticide in soil and other environmental compartment like water and sediment. The soil is considered as ultimate sink of pesticide as these were reached to soil directly or indirectly from the point/non-point sources. Adsorption–desorption processes are necessary in understanding pesticides retention behavior and its potential mobility within the soil. The behavior of pesticides in the soil depends on factors such as the physico-chemical properties of pesticides, the active surface of mineral, organic components and the amount of the pesticide applied. Henceforth, adsorption and desorption of soil applied pesticides needed to deal with greater sincerity. This review primarily ascertains dominant properties of pesticides including surface area, pH, surface functional groups, carbon content and aromatic structure and evaluate the adsorption and desorption of pesticide in agricultural soils. In addition, a vision for future research prospects has been anticipated by considering the pesticide bioavailability as residues in soil, influence of soil organic matter, clay content, pH and soil temperature on pesticide removal, pesticide properties and its behavior in soils.

Preparation of Mesoporous Silica from Rice Husk Ash: Effect of Depolymerizing Agents on Physico-Chemical Properties

2010 ◽  
Vol 93-94 ◽  
pp. 664-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supakij Suttiruengwong ◽  
P. Puathawee ◽  
M. Chareonpanich
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Mesoporous Silicas ◽  
Organic Residues ◽  
Hydrophobic Property ◽  
Carbon Chains ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

The aim of this work was to prepare mesoporous silicas derived from rice husk ash (RHA) using three different depolymerizing agents; glycerol, 1,3 propanediol and 1,4 butanediol. The reaction of RHA with different depolymerizing agents was carried out between 200-250°C for 2 hrs. The solution was then hydrolyzed with deionized water to obtain gels. After a few washing step, gels were oven-dried and calcined at 500 °C for 24 hrs. Prepared mesoporous silicas were then characterized using Nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurement, FTIR, TGA, SEM, XRD and XRF. The percent hydrophobicity was determined based on the amount of moisture absorbed using TGA. It was shown that RHA reacted with depolymerizing agents above 200°C to form gels, which, after hydrolysis and calcination, still maintained the mesoporous characteristics. The BET and SEM results indicated that the RHA reacted with 1,3 propanediol had highest pore volume (0.95 cm3/g) and specific surface area (129.30 m2/g) compared to RHA reacted with glycerol and 1,4 butanediol. The distribution of pores computed from BJH desorption branch was also more uniform. FTIR indicated that there was no significant change in the chemical structure of RHA reacted with different depolymerizing agents. The residual C-H bands were found in FTIR spectra for all prepared mesoporous silicas. TGA thermograms confirmed the existence of organic residues (below 2 %wt), which might result from incomplete elimination even after calcination. This was found to be an important factor affecting the hydrophobic property of the reacted RHA. The hydrophobicity of RHA may be tailored by controlling depolymerizing agents and organic residues. Depolymerizing agents with longer carbon chains also favoured the hydrophobic characteristics.

Adsorption of Cobalt Ions on Molded Magnesium Silicate

2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 704-707
Author(s):  
Li Li Mao ◽  
Hai Zeng Wang ◽  
Qing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Magnesium Silicate ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Cobalt Ions ◽  
Adsorption Time ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Adsorbent Dose

The groundwater contaminated with cobalt is attracted more and more concern. In this study, molded magnesium silicate (MMS) was successfully prepared and the physico-chemical properties were determined by N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Surface area and the average pore size were 333.19 m2·g-1 and 4.442 nm. Adsorption experiments of removal of cobalt ions was investigated as the function of initial concentration, adsorbent dose and adsorption time. Adsorption process was rapid and adsorption equilibriums were achieved soon.

Improved method for assessing rice soil suitability to restrict recharge

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Beecher ◽  
I. H. Hume ◽  
B. W. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Depth Interval ◽  
Rice Soil ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Soil Suitability ◽  
Physico Chemical

Groundwater recharge below ponded rice fields is a significant contributor to rising groundwater levels and the threat of soil and water salinisation. Reduced groundwater recharge is essential for sustainable rice based, irrigated farming systems in southern Australia. Currently a soil is deemed as suitable for rice production if 1 soil profile per 4 ha contains 2 m or more of continuous medium or heavy clay textured material. However, this study showed clay content to be a poor predictor of groundwater recharge. Electromagnetic induction surveys of rice fields can show variation in soil physico–chemical properties across rice fields. This allows the delineation of distinctly different areas of a field based on EM readings and allows accurate targeting of soil sampling and measurements. This study used soil chemical and physical properties and groundwater recharge data to assess the adequacy of the current rice soil suitability classification method. A 3-stage classification scheme of rice land suitability is proposed including EM31 soil mapping and measurement of soil sodicity as key components. The proposed scheme is as follows: (i) include the soil as suitable if the EM31v measurement is equal to or greater than 150 mS/m; (ii) if EM31v <150, include the soil if the ESP of the top 60 cm of the soil is greater than 6, or the ESP of the depth interval between 60 and 150 cm is greater than 12; (iii) all other soils are excluded from ricegrowing. The proposed scheme's ability to correctly identify low permeability soil in rice fields as suitable for rice growing was confirmed by the recharge values measured in these fields.

scholarly journals Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Mesocrystals: Synthesis, Growth Mechanisms and Photocatalytic Properties

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boxue Zhang ◽  
Shengxin Cao ◽  
Meiqi Du ◽  
Xiaozhou Ye ◽  
Yun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Growth Mechanisms ◽  
Environmental Deterioration ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Shed Light

Hierarchical TiO2 superstructures with desired architectures and intriguing physico-chemical properties are considered to be one of the most promising candidates for solving the serious issues related to global energy exhaustion as well as environmental deterioration via the well-known photocatalytic process. In particular, TiO2 mesocrystals, which are built from TiO2 nanocrystal building blocks in the same crystallographical orientation, have attracted intensive research interest in the area of photocatalysis owing to their distinctive structural properties such as high crystallinity, high specific surface area, and single-crystal-like nature. The deeper understanding of TiO2 mesocrystals-based photocatalysis is beneficial for developing new types of photocatalytic materials with multiple functionalities. In this paper, a comprehensive review of the recent advances toward fabricating and modifying TiO2 mesocrystals is provided, with special focus on the underlying mesocrystallization mechanism and controlling rules. The potential applications of as-synthesized TiO2 mesocrystals in photocatalysis are then discussed to shed light on the structure–performance relationships, thus guiding the development of highly efficient TiO2 mesocrystal-based photocatalysts for certain applications. Finally, the prospects of future research on TiO2 mesocrystals in photocatalysis are briefly highlighted.

scholarly journals Leaching of Herbicides Commonly Applied to Sugarcane in Five Agricultural Soils

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.C.D. GUIMARÃES ◽  
K.F. MENDES ◽  
T.F. CAMPION ◽  
P.J. CHRISTOFFOLETI ◽  
V.L. TORNISIELO
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Chemical Properties Of Soils ◽  
Potential Contaminant

ABSTRACT: Leaching intensity depends on the physicochemical properties of soils and herbicides. Consequently, a good understanding of this process is essential to determine mitigation measures to reduce or eliminate the risk of water contamination around areas with sugarcane crops. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the leaching of ametryn, diuron, hexazinone, and metribuzin by using columns in five soils with different physicochemical properties cultivated with sugarcane. The radiolabeled herbicides with 14C were evaluated at six soil depths (0-0.05, 0.05-0.10, 0.10-0.15, 0.15-0.20, 0.20-0.25, and 0.25-0.30 m) and in the leachate after 200 mm rainfall simulation for 48 h. Herbicide leaching was mostly affected by soil type. Ametryn and diuron were reported in the highest amount (>87%) on the topsoil (0-0.05 m), which was indicative of the low leaching of these two herbicides in the soil profile. Thus, these herbicides can contaminate surface water by runoff. Leachate percentage was always <0.3% for ametryn, diuron, and metribuzin; this was also the case for hexazinone in two out of the five soils. Hexazinone proved to be a potential contaminant of groundwater and metribuzin presented high leaching in the soil profile. Previous knowledge of the physico-chemical properties of soils cultivated with sugarcane is essential to recommend the use of these herbicides in weed management.

Adsorption of Nickel and Cobalt Ions on Magnesium Silicate

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 2855-2858
Author(s):  
Hua Yang ◽  
Hai Zeng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Magnesium Silicate ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Cobalt Ions ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

Magnesium silicate (MS) was successfully prepared and the physico-chemical properties were determined by N2adsorption/desorption isotherm and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Surface area and the average pore size were 120 cm3·g-1and 10 nm. Adsorption experiments of removal of nickel and cobalt ions were investigated as the function of initial concentration, adsorbent dose, adsorption time and solution pH value. The maximum removal was reached with pH equal to 5 for the removal of nickel and cobalt ions. Adsorption process was rapid and adsorption equilibriums were attained in a short time.

scholarly journals Zinc Adsorption in Relation to Soil Properties, Analysed with Langmuir and Freundlich Models in Soils of Kashmir Valley

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
Syed Sadat ◽  
N. Z. Rehman ◽  
M. A. Bhat ◽  
M.A. Wani
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Sorption Data ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Langmuir And Freundlich Equations ◽  
Zinc Adsorption

The phenomenon of fixation of added zinc in soils considerably affects the availability and efficiency of applied zinc. Pertaining to this situation, different land-use soil samples across the valley were analysed for various physico-chemical properties and adsorption capacities. The results showed that the soils were slightly acidic to alkaline in reaction and differ far and wide in other soil properties. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the soils showed little variation between the samples and varied from13.3 to 17.2 cmol(p+) kg-1 with an average value of 15.1 cmol(p+) kg-1of soil. The maximum of zinc adsorption were greatly influenced by soil organic matter, clay content and CEC of the soils. The data was fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich equations and the results yielded that the Freundlich equation showed better fit to the sorption data at higher zinc concentrations. However, both the models were having satisfactory results for the obtained data.

Hydration of Cement Minerals in a Hydraulic Dolomitic Binder

2018 ◽  
Vol 762 ◽  
pp. 356-361
Author(s):  
Inta Kirilovica ◽  
Inta Vitina ◽  
Lauma Lindina
Keyword(s):  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Art Nouveau ◽  
Physico Chemical

Dolomitic Roman cement was a widely used binder for construction purposes during the late 19th/ early 20th century in territory of Latvia. Because of its hydraulic properties and fast setting it was especially favorable for the usage for the cast elements of Art Nouveau style facades. The production of the material was discontinued in the middle of the 20th century. Nevertheless, there is a need of compatible material for restoration purposes that is not currently commercially available. A compatible binder has been synthesized from mixture of dolomite flour and clay. The research gives an insight of the ongoing chemical processes during the hydration of the cement minerals in the binder. The influence of clay content in compositions and of firing temperature on the physico-chemical properties and mineralogical composition of obtained material is estimated.

scholarly journals Changes in the physico-chemical properties of topsoil in a landslide-affected area (western part of the Transylvanian Basin, Romania)

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramona BĂLC ◽  
Carmen ROBA ◽  
Gheorghe ROSIAN ◽  
Dan COSTIN ◽  
Csaba HORVATH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Shallow Landslide ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Affected Area ◽  
Physico Chemical

Landslides determine increases and decreases in specific soil compounds which is affecting soil fertility. The recovery of soil fertility is a long process and may be used as an indicator of the landslide age and can contribute to the management plan of the affected area. In order to add to data about soil properties affected by landslides, the current study focuses on a young and shallow landslide from the western part of the Transylvanian Depression. Soil samples were analysed from a physico-chemical point of view (pH, organic matter – OM, total organic carbon – TOC, major cations, and iron content) in two places, at between 0 and 60 cm depth (inside and outside the landslide). The results obtained showed lower values of pH inside the landslide, low values of TOC and rock fragments in both places studied (inside and outside the landslide) and no differences in soil texture between disturbed and undisturbed soil. The ammonium, magnesium and calcium content was higher outside the landslide, the sodium level was slightly higher outside the landslide, while the potassium concentration was higher inside the landslide. This study offers new data regarding recovery of soil fertility and highlights the importance of gaining knowledge on soil properties of relevance to future measures to increase the fertility of agricultural soils.

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