scholarly journals Accumulation of Heavy Metals by Vegetables Grown in Kembu Farms, Gombe, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buhari Magaji ◽  
Fai F. Yirankiyuki ◽  
Simon Y. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Vegetable Samples ◽  
North Eastern

Background: Contamination of vegetables with heavy metals is a health concern. Therefore, monitoring levels of heavy metals in vegetables can provide useful information for promoting food safety. The level of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in mg/kg) in vegetable samples from different farms in Kembu, Gombe, North Eastern Nigeria were assessed by using atomic absorption spectrophotometry method. Methods: Samples of vegetables including tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea) were collected from production/farming sites in Kembu and analyzed for presence of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) after extraction by drying, grounding and acid digestion. Results: The level of Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd did not indicate excessive contamination that could be considered a serious health hazard to the consumers except for the tomato samples in which the level of Pb was higher than the minimum Pb permissible level for human consumption approved by WHO/FAO (2007) and EU (2006) and are thus, considered unsafe to be used.

Evaluation of heavy metals content in the canned/packed fruit juices from local and imported origin in Lahore, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazeefa Fatima ◽  
Munazza Khan ◽  
Muhammad Shuaib Kabeer
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Fruit Juices ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Digestion Method ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

This study was conducted to determine the mean concentration of heavy metals such as lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe) in canned/packed fruits juices, collected from various stores in Lahore in a period of three months. These juices were categorized into four groups; local packed and canned and also imported packed and canned products. Every group consisted of ten samples. By using the di-acid digestion method, the collected samples were digested and analyzed under Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results indicated that the mean values of 7 out of 9 tested heavy metals including Pb, Mg, Ni, Fe, Cr, Se and Mn were above permissible limits (set by WHO) in all four understudy groups. Therefore, it was concluded that commercially available fruit juices are not all safe according to their heavy metals content for the human consumption despite their nutritive values.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF SOME HEAVY METALS IN SOME CHOCOLATE BRANDS AND BREAD SOLD IN MAIDUGURI, BORNO STATE, NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
A.I. Mohammed ◽  
A.A. Ahmed ◽  
T. Lot ◽  
M. Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Potential Health Risk ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry

Three brands of chocolate and five varieties of bread samples were collected and subjected to acid digestion for evaluation of some heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Pb, Fe, Cd and Zn) using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The concentrations of the studied heavy metals in the chocolate brands were in the range 0.02-0.20; 0.02-0.10 and 0.09-0.20 mg/kg for Cd, Zn and Cr respectively. whereas Pb was not detected in the study. As per the bread samples, the concentrations ranged 0.05-0.13; 0.60-2.24, 0.30-0.06 and 0.02-0.10 mg/kg for Cd, Zn, Cr and Pb respectively. This study indicates that the concentrations of the studied brands of chocolate and bread are within the allowable limits hence pose no potential health risk or hazard upon consumption. Keywords: Chocolate, Concentrations, Spectrometry, Acid digestion

scholarly journals Heavy Metal Concentration in Eight Fish Species from Epe Lagoon (Nigeria)

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-82
Author(s):  
Iyabode Olusola Taiwo ◽  
Olaniyi Alaba Olopade ◽  
Nathanael Akinsafe Bamidele
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry

Abstract This research was undertaken to find out the levels of five heavy metals (Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn) in the muscles of eight fish species from Epe Lagoon. The levels of heavy metals were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after digestion of the samples using Kjldahl heating digester. The heavy metal concentrations among the fish species were statistically dissimilar (P < 0.5). The heavy metals of Pb, Fe, and Mn were above the FAO/WHO agreeable limits for human consumption.

scholarly journals GREY WATER FARMING OF LADIES FINGER AND CLUSTER BEANS-INDUCES DIETARY TOXICITY?

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Doke Suraj Yashwant ◽  
Chavare Pranav Mohan ◽  
Belvotagi Venkatrao Adavirao
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
The Other ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Digestion Procedure ◽  
Acceptable Limit ◽  
Dietary Toxicity ◽  
Edible Parts

Objective: A large number of farmers are growing different vegetables and supplying them to the Solapur market. The majority of these farms are located on the banks of the “nullah”, whose water is used for irrigation. From, a farm field in Degaon, a village on the Solapur–Mangalvedha road and on the bank of ‘nullah’ two fruit vegetables viz., Ladies Finger (Bhendi) and Cluster Beans (Gawar) are evaluated in the study. The purpose of this study was to analyse the presence of selected toxic non-essential heavy metals i.e. Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb) and Mercury (Hg) in the two vegetables.Methods: Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) was used for determining the concentration of heavy metals. Optimised wet acid digestion procedure was employed to solubilize the metals from the vegetable samples.Results: The following concentrations (mg/kg) of the non-essential heavy metals were found in the edible parts of the Ladies Finger and Cluster Beans, respectively: Ladies Finger: As (16.07), Hg (16.77), Pb (1.148), Cr (17.14), Cd (0.704 mg/kg) and Cluster Beans: As (18.76), Hg (21.86), Pb (1.675), Cr (17.14), Cd (0.888 mg/kg). The study revealed the presence of all the chosen NEHMs in the vegetables. Cadmium levels in both Cluster Beans and Ladies Finger were below the maximum acceptable limit and hence fit for human consumption as per FSSAI standards As (1.1), Pb (1.0), Cd (1.5), Hg (1.0 ppm). Though unsafe as per WHO/FAO standards As (0.1), Pb (0.5), Cd (0.2), Cr (1.2), Hg (0.05 ppm).Conclusion: The other three NEHMs levels were approximately 15 times more than the permitted levels and hence might pose danger on human consumption. 

scholarly journals Kandungan Logam Berat Besi (Fe) Pada Air, Sedimen, Dan Kerang Hijau (Perna viridis) Di Perairan Tanjung Emas Semarang

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Endang Supriyantini ◽  
Hadi Endrawati
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Perna Viridis ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Living Organisms

Logam berat Fe merupakan logam berat essensial yang keberadaannya dalam jumlah tertentu sangat dibutuhkan oleh organisme hidup, namun dalam jumlah yang berlebih dapat menimbulkan efek racun.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kandungan dan tingkat pencemaran logam berat Fe pada air, sedimen, dan kerang hijau (Perna viridis) di perairan Tanjung Emas Semarang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada tanggal 7 November dan 7 Desember 2013 dengan metode penelitian deskriptif. Logam berat Fe dalam sampel air, sedimen dan kerang hijau dianalisis di Laboratorium Balai Besar Teknologi Pencegahan Pencemaran Industri (BTPPI) Semarang dengan menggunakan metode AAS (AtomicAbsorption Spectrophotometry). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perairan Tanjung Emas masih dalam taraf terkontaminasi logam Fe. Sedangkan pada sedimen dan pada kerang hijau (Perna viridis) sudah terindikasi tercemar logam Fe.Meskipun demikian variasi faktor lingkungan seperti suhu, salinitas, pH, kecepatan arus dan jenis sedimen juga memberikan kontribusi yang cukup penting terhadap kandungan logam Fe.Kata Kunci: logam Fe, Air, Sedimen, Perna viridis, metode AAS Heavy metalsiron(Fe) is anessentialheavy metalswhose presencein a certain amountis neededby living organisms, but inexcessiveamountscan causetoxic effects.The aims of the research is to analyze the heavy metals coccentration and the pollution level of Fe in water, sediment, and green mussels (Perna viridis) at Tanjung Emas Semarang. This research was conducted from 7 November and 7 December 2013 using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) and research methodswithdescriptive. The results showed that the waters of the Tanjung Emas is still in the stage of heavy metals contaminated iron (Fe). Sediment and green mussels (Perna viridis)already indicated heavy metal contaminatediron. However, variations inenvironmental factorssuch astemperature, salinity, pH, flow velocity an dsediment types also providean important contributionto heavy metal contentof iron(Fe).Key Words: Fe, water, sediment, Perna viridis, metode AAS

scholarly journals Potential of Hyacinth Activated in Lowering Levels of Lead Heavy Metals by Method of Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
Dita Kusuma Wardani ◽  
Tuti Alawiyah ◽  
Madschen Sia Mei Ol Siska Selvija Tambun
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Lead Metal ◽  
Maximum Contact ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Made In

The Barito River as the largest and longest river in South Kalimantan has been convicted as the most polluted river on an international level. Where one of the most commonly found compounds is the heavy metal lead (Pb) with a high enough levels that alternatives are needed to reduce the levels of the metal. One way to reduce the levels of such heavy metals is to use activated carbon hyacinth. So the activated carbon from hyacinth is made in accordance with SII No.0258-79 and knows the effect of variations in the administration of activated carbon hyacinth at a time of 15 minutes, 30 minutes and 45 minutes in lowering the levels of lead heavy metals (Pb). The research method used to determine the effect of variations in the administration of activated carbon hyacinth is by quantitative testing using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry tool. The results showed that activated carbon hyacinth has met SII No.0258-79 with a randemen test result of 15%, water content of 3%, and absorption of iodine of 241.16 mg / gram. Significant value produced 0.742 with regression value (r) 0.999 and resulted in decreased lead metal levels in the variation of 15 minutes activated carbon administration of -0.030 mg / l with an absorption of 120%, 30 minutes of 0.073 mg / l with an absorption of 48% and 45 minutes of -0.097 mg / l with an absorption of 167%. Hyacinth activated carbon can be used to lower the levels of lead heavy metals (Pb) with a maximum contact time of 45 minutes by 167%.

Assessment of Adverse Effects of Lead, Nickel and Cadmium on Biochemical Parameters, Antioxidants Status and Metallothionein Expression in Buffaloes Slaughtered at Local Abattoir

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Himalaya Bhardwaj ◽  
Chanchal Singh ◽  
Shashi Nayyar
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Lactic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lead Nickel

Background: With the pace of industrialization, heavy metal level has been increasing in animals thereby causing deleterious effects, which emanate as public health concern, associated with their accumulation in food chain. The present study was undertaken to assess the systemic damage caused by heavy metals in buffaloes. Methods: The assessment of adverse effects of the lead (Pb), nickel (Ni) and cadmium (Cd), in blood was determined by monitoring the levels of biochemical parameters, antioxidants and expression of metallothionein in buffaloes. Blood and tissue (liver, kidney, pancreas and ovary) samples (n=50) were collected from local abattoir to estimate the levels of lead, nickel and cadmium using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Antioxidants and biochemical parameters were estimated using standard procedures and while the expression of metallothionein-2 was analyzed using real-time PCR.Result: After determining the concentration of heavy metals in samples the buffaloes were classified as heavy metal exposed and non-exposed groups. The plasma level of heavy metals were found to be significantly (p less than 0.05) higher than the permissible limit in exposed buffaloes. In tissues, heavy metals levels were within the permissible limits. Malondialdehyde level in each of lead, nickel and cadmium exposed groups was significantly (p less than 0.05) higher than the non-exposed, control group. The antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione was found to be increased significantly (p less than 0.05) in exposed groups. Also, plasma glucose, cholesterol, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), urea and creatinine levels were found to be significantly higher (p less than 0.05) in the blood of the animal model used for the study. The fold change expression of MT-2 in blood was found to be at maximum level in cadmium and minimum in nickel exposed buffaloes. It can be concluded from the results of the experiment that heavy metals affect major organs (liver, kidney and muscle etc.) as evident by altered intracellular expression of MT-2, antioxidants and biochemical parameters.

Collaborative Study of a Method for the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric and Polarographic Determination of Cadmium in Food

1973 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 876-881
Author(s):  
Raymond J Gajan ◽  
John H Gould ◽  
James O Watts ◽  
John A Fiorino
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Orange Juice ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Absorption Method ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation

Abstract The method studied involves acid digestion, dithizone extraction, and determination by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and polarography. This study consisted of 2 phases, with 10 laboratories participating in Phase I and 15 laboratories in Phase II. The 12 commodities studied (lettuce, potatoes, orange juice, shredded wheat, milk, sugar, eggs, fish, frankfurters, rice, beans, and oysters) were spiked at 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 ppm cadmium. Only 3 collaborators submitted polarographic results. There were no statistically demonstrable differences for the atomic absorption method between spiking levels, commodities, or laboratories. Coefficients of variation were acceptable. The atomic absorption spectrophotometric method for determining cadmium has been adopted as official first action.

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