scholarly journals In-vitro Antacid Properties of Cameroonian Clay (MY41g) and its Potential Use in Anti-ulcer Triple Therapy Regimen Formulated with Eremomastax speciosa Extract

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-47
Author(s):  
Joseph Fleurie Emakoua ◽  
Mesmine Kuissu Teukam Mimosette ◽  
André Perfusion Amang ◽  
Mbida Désirée Essama ◽  
Otto Gustave Lebeau Ndji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Acidity ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Mucus Production ◽  
Therapy Regimen ◽  
Neutralizing Capacity ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Physiology Laboratory ◽  
Potential Use

Aims: The antisecretory, antibacterial on Helicobacter, and antacid properties of Eremomastax speciosa (E. speciosa) and MY41g clay respectively, led us to evaluate the potential use of this clay in the anti-ulcer tri-therapy formulated with Eremomastax speciosa. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Animal Biology & Physiology (Animal Physiology Laboratory), Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, between August 2020 and February 2021.   Materials and Methods: In vitro antacid were evaluated by studying: Fordtran's method, and the influence of temperature on the pH values. In vivo activity was studied on chronic gastric ulcers induced by injection of 0.05 ml of acetic acid (30%) into the stomach wall. Rats were treated daily for 10 days after ulcer induction with a combination of E. speciosa and MY41g (ESMY) ; (ESMY 100+250 and 200+250 mg/kg). The model of "unhealed" gastric ulcers was also used: from day 5 to day 18 of experimentation, rats were given ESMY orally concomitantly with indomethacin (1 mg/kg/day) subcutaneously. Ulcer index, percentage of healing, mucus secretion, gastric acidity, histological, hematological, and oxidative stress parameters were evaluated. Results: ESMY showed good neutralizing capacity in vitro in Fordtran’s method. Treatment with ESMY accelerated the spontaneous healing of chronic gastric ulcers (93.82-96.14%). However, administration of indomethacin did not induce significant variations in the percentage of healing (90.73-94.60%). For both ulcer models performed, ulcer healing was accompanied by a significant (P = 0.001) increase in mucus mass at 200/250 mg/kg. ESMY increased antioxidant activity, decreased gastric acidity, lipid peroxidation, and maintained hematological balance. Conclusion: In addition to its buffering properties, the healing mechanism of ESMY includes reduced gastric acidity, enhanced mucus production, re-epithelialization of gastric mucosa, improvement of hematological and antioxidant status. ESMY can be used in traditional medicine, as a therapeutic regimen against gastric ulcers.  

scholarly journals In Vivo Curative and Antacid Effects of Cameroonian Clay (MY41g) on Chronic and “Unhealed" Gastric Ulcers in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
Joseph Fleurie Emakoua ◽  
Tchokomeni Gael Siwe ◽  
Paul Vernyuy Tan ◽  
Andre Perfusion Amang ◽  
Charle Banenzoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Acidity ◽  
Mucus Secretion ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Acid Neutralization ◽  
Gastric Mucus ◽  
Ulcer Index ◽  
Spontaneous Healing ◽  
Mucus Production ◽  
Ulcer Treatment

This study evaluated the in vivo curative and antacid effects of MY41g clay on chronic and “unhealed" gastric ulcers in rats. Chronic gastric ulcers were induced by injecting 0.05 mL of acetic acid (30%) into the stomach wall. From day 5-14 after induction of ulcers, rats were treated daily with MY41g clay (125 and 250 mg/kg). For “Unhealed" gastric ulcers, from day 5-18 rats received MY41g clay orally concomitantly with indomethacin (1 mg/kg/day) subcutaneously. The ulcer index, percentage of healing, mucus secretion, histological parameters, oxidative stress parameters and gastric acidity were assessed. Treatment with clay solution for 10 days resulted in accelerated spontaneous healing of chronic gastric ulcers (83.69-90.2%). However, indomethacin administration did not induce significant variations in the percentage of healing (89.23-91.66%) in rats. For both ulcer models performed, ulcer healing was accompanied by a significant increase (p<0.001) of mucus secretion at the highest dose. Clay increased concentrations of antioxidant enzymes and decreased gastric acidity and lipid peroxidation. Administration of clay accelerated the spontaneous healing of both induction models. The mode of action of the clay could involve increased gastric mucus production, gastric mucosal re-epithelialization, improved antioxidant status and gastric acid neutralization. MY41g clay can be used as antacids in the ulcer treatment regime.

scholarly journals Ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide (um-PEA): A New Possible Adjuvant Treatment in COVID-19 patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 336
Author(s):  
Annalisa Noce ◽  
Maria Albanese ◽  
Giulia Marrone ◽  
Manuela Di Lauro ◽  
Anna Pietroboni Zaitseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adjuvant Treatment ◽  
Pulmonary Involvement ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide ◽  
Potential Use

The Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused more than 100,000,000 cases of coronavirus infection in the world in just a year, of which there were 2 million deaths. Its clinical picture is characterized by pulmonary involvement that culminates, in the most severe cases, in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, COVID-19 affects other organs and systems, including cardiovascular, urinary, gastrointestinal, and nervous systems. Currently, unique-drug therapy is not supported by international guidelines. In this context, it is important to resort to adjuvant therapies in combination with traditional pharmacological treatments. Among natural bioactive compounds, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) seems to have potentially beneficial effects. In fact, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorized an ongoing clinical trial with ultramicronized (um)-PEA as an add-on therapy in the treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. In support of this hypothesis, in vitro and in vivo studies have highlighted the immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and pain-relieving effects of PEA, especially in its um form. The purpose of this review is to highlight the potential use of um-PEA as an adjuvant treatment in SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals The Novel Arylamidine T-2307 MaintainsIn VitroandIn VivoActivity against Echinocandin-Resistant Candida albicans

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 1341-1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan P. Wiederhold ◽  
Laura K. Najvar ◽  
Annette W. Fothergill ◽  
Rosie Bocanegra ◽  
Marcos Olivo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Invasive Candidiasis ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fungal Burden ◽  
Potential Use

ABSTRACTWe evaluated thein vitroandin vivoactivities of the investigational arylamidine T-2307 against echinocandin-resistantCandida albicans. T-2307 demonstrated potentin vitroactivity, and daily subcutaneous doses between 0.75 and 6 mg/kg of body weight significantly improved survival and reduced fungal burden compared to placebo control and caspofungin (10 mg/kg/day) in mice with invasive candidiasis caused by an echinocandin-resistant strain. Thus, T-2307 may have potential use in the treatment of echinocandin-resistantC. albicansinfections.

scholarly journals Is There Potential for Repurposing Statins as Novel Antimicrobials?

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 5111-5121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Hennessy ◽  
Claire Adams ◽  
F. Jerry Reen ◽  
Fergal O'Gara
Keyword(s):  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Statin Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Pleiotropic Effects ◽  
Current Information ◽  
Potential Use

ABSTRACTStatins are members of a class of pharmaceutical widely used to reduce high levels of serum cholesterol. In addition, statins have so-called “pleiotropic effects,” which include inflammation reduction, immunomodulation, and antimicrobial effects. An increasing number of studies are emerging which detail the attenuation of bacterial growth andin vitroandin vivovirulence by statin treatment. In this review, we describe the current information available concerning the effects of statins on bacterial infections and provide insight regarding the potential use of these compounds as antimicrobial therapeutic agents.

scholarly journals Preclinical Immuno-recognition and Neutralization of Lethality Assessment of a New Polyvalent Antivenom, VINS Snake Venom Antiserum – African IHS®, against Envenomation of Ten African Viperid and Elapid Snakes

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-43
Author(s):  
Djameh, Georgina I. ◽  
Nyarko, Samuel ◽  
Tetteh-Tsifoanya, Mark ◽  
Marfo, Frances M. ◽  
Adjei, Samuel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Snake Venom ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Major Protein ◽  
Snake Species ◽  
Neutralizing Capacity ◽  
Preclinical Efficacy

Snakebite envenomation is a major health concern in developing countries causing significant mortality and morbidity. With over 1.2 million cases annually caused by medically important snake species belonging to the two families Viperidae (Echis spp. and Bitis spp.) and Elapidae (Naja spp. and Dendroaspis spp.). Several antivenoms are being produced and distributed to western sub-Saharan Africa for treatment of envenomation with the absence of preclinical efficacy studies. The present study evaluated the preclinical efficacy of venoms from Echis leucogaster, Echis ocellatus, Bitis arietans, Bitis gabonica, Naja haje, Naja melanoleuca, Naja nigricollis, Dendroaspis jamesoni, Dendroaspis polylepis and Dendroaspis viridis against a polyvalent Snake Venom Antiserum - African IHS (lyophilised), manufactured by VINS Bioproducts Limited (Telangana, India). Our in vitro results showed that, the SVA- AIHS contains antibodies that are capable of recognizing and binding majority of protein components representative of all eight major protein families of venoms of the snake species tested by double immunodiffusion assay and confirmed by western blot. The venom antiserum exhibited high neutralization efficacy against all the viperid and elapid snake species venoms in in vivo studies and confirmed the manufacturer’s recommended neutralization capacity. This is clear evidence that the VINS polyvalent SVA-AIHS batch tested has strong neutralizing capacity and will be useful in treating envenoming by most African viperid and some elapid snake species.

scholarly journals Root Bacteria Recruited by Phragmites australis in Constructed Wetlands Have the Potential to Enhance Azo-Dye Phytodepuration

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Riva ◽  
Francesca Mapelli ◽  
Evdokia Syranidou ◽  
Elena Crotti ◽  
Redouane Choukrallah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Azo Dye ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Reactive Black 5 ◽  
Potential Use

The microbiome associated with plants used in phytodepuration systems can boost plant growth and services, especially in ecosystems dealing with recalcitrant compounds, hardly removed via traditional wastewater (WW) treatments, such as azo-dyes used in textile industry. In this context, we aimed to study the cultivable microbiome selected by Phragmites australis plants in a Constructed Wetland (CW) in Morocco, in order to obtain candidate inoculants for the phytodepuration of azo-dye contaminated WW. A collection of 152 rhizospheric and endophytic bacteria was established. The strains were phylogenetically identified and characterized for traits of interest in the phytodepuration context. All strains showed Plant Growth Promotion potential in vitro and 67% of them significantly improved the growth of a model plant in vivo compared to the non bacterized control plants. Moreover, most of the isolates were able to grow in presence of several model micropollutants typically found in WW, indicating their potential use in phytodepuration of a wide spectrum of effluents. The six most promising strains of the collection were tested in CW microcosms alone or as consortium: the consortium and two single inocula demonstrated to significantly increase the removal of the model azo-dye Reactive Black 5 compared to the non bacterized controls.

Antiulcerogenic and antisecretory effects of a novel diphenylmethane derivative and antiestrogen binding site ligand

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 1139-1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary B. Glavin ◽  
Lorne J. Brandes
Keyword(s):  
Binding Site ◽  
Gastric Acid ◽  
Stress Ulcer ◽  
Acid Output ◽  
Corticosterone Level ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Ulcer Formation

N,N-Diethyl-2-[4-(phenylmethyl)-phenoxy]-ethanamine hydrochloride (DPPE) is a para-diphenylmethane derivative that binds selectively and with high affinity to the microsomal antiestrogen binding site (AEBS). Recent studies with DPPE indicate that AEBS is closely related to a lower affinity non-H1, non-H2 histamine site that may be associated with calcium channels; the DPPE–AEBS site is different from that which verapamil binds, however. DPPE, but not verapamil, demonstrates antiproliferative effects in vitro and is antiestrogenic in vivo. We now show that DPPE profoundly inhibits restraint and cold stress and ethanol-induced gastric ulcer formation, accelerates ulcer healing, attenuates the stress-induced rise in plasma corticosterone level, and significantly reduces basal and H2 agonist (dimaprit)-stimulated and, to a lesser extent, bethanechol-stimulated gastric acid output in conscious rats. A nonulcerogenic but prostaglandin-depleting dose of indomethacin completely blocks the inhibitory effects of DPPE on stress ulcer formation. Conversely, verapamil only slightly attenuates dimaprit-stimulated gastric acid secretion and exacerbates ethanol-induced gastric ulcers; its anti-stress ulcer effects are only partially attenuated by indomethacin. These findings support the likelihood that the site of action of DPPE is different from that of verapamil, and that an effect on prostaglandins may, at least in part, contribute to its antiulcer and apparent cytoprotective effects.

Lack of control of T cell apoptosis under HAART. Influence of therapy regimen in vivo and in vitro

AIDS ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luzia Maria de Oliveira Pinto ◽  
Hervé Lecoeur ◽  
Eric Ledru ◽  
Christophe Rapp ◽  
Olivier Patey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Therapy Regimen ◽  
T Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Lack Of Control

Complement receptor 1 inhibitors for prevention of immune-mediated red cell destruction: potential use in transfusion therapy

Blood ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 101 (12) ◽  
pp. 5046-5052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Yazdanbakhsh ◽  
Stanley Kang ◽  
Daniel Tamasauskas ◽  
Dorothy Sung ◽  
Andromachi Scaradavou
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Complement Receptor ◽  
Classical Pathway ◽  
Human Group ◽  
Transfusion Therapy ◽  
Complement Receptor 1 ◽  
Potential Use

AbstractActivation of complement cascade via the antibody-mediated classical pathway can initiate red blood cell (RBC) destruction, causing transfusion reactions and hemolytic anemia. In the present study, we have assessed the ability of a human recombinant soluble form of complement receptor 1 (sCR1) to inhibit complement-mediated RBC destruction in vitro and in vivo. Using an in vitro alloimmune incompatibility model, sCR1 inhibited complement activation and prevented hemolysis. Following transfusion of human group O RBCs into mice lacking detectable pre-existing antibodies against the transfused RBCs, systemic coadministration of 10 mg/kg sCR1, a dose well tolerated in human subjects for prevention of tissue injury, completely inhibited the in vivo clearance of the transfused RBCs and surface C3 deposition in the first hour after transfusion, correlating with the half-life of sCR1 in the circulation. Treatment with sCR1 increased the survival of transfused human group A RBCs in the circulation of mice with pre-existing anti-A for 2 hours after transfusion by 50%, reduced intravascular hemolysis, and lowered the levels of complement deposition (C3 and C4), but not immunoglobulin G (IgG) or IgM, on the transfused cells by 100-fold. We further identified potential functional domains in CR1 that can act to limit complement-mediated RBC destruction in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our data highlight a potential use of CR1-based inhibitors for prevention of complement-dependent immune hemolysis.

scholarly journals Necroptosis Contributes to Urban Particulate Matter-Induced Airway Epithelial Injury

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 699-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Xu ◽  
Man Luo ◽  
Lulu He ◽  
Yuan Cao ◽  
Wen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Pulmonary Inflammation ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Mucus Production ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Mucin Expression

Background/Aims: Necroptosis, a form of programmed necrosis, is involved in the pathologic process of several kinds of pulmonary diseases. However, the role of necroptosis in particulate matter (PM)–induced pulmonary injury remains unclear. The objective of this study is to investigate the involvement of necroptosis in the pathogenesis of PM-induced toxic effects in pulmonary inflammation and mucus hyperproduction, both in vitro and in vivo. Methods: PM was administered into human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells or mouse airways, and the inflammatory response and mucus production were assessed. The mRNA expressions of IL6, IL8 and MUC5AC in HBE cells and Cxcl1, Cxcl2, and Gm-csf in the lung tissues were detected by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. The secreted protein levels of IL6 and IL8 in culture supernatants and Cxcl1, Cxcl2, and Gm-csf in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We used Western blot to measure the protein expressions of necroptosis-related proteins (RIPK1, RIPK3, and Phospho-MLKL), NF-κB (P65 and PP65), AP-1 (P-c-Jun and P-c-Fos) and MUC5AC. Cell necrosis and mitochondrial ROS were detected using flow cytometry. In addition, pathological changes and scoring of lung tissue samples were monitored using hemoxylin and eosin (H&E), periodic acid-schiff (PAS) and immunohistochemistry staining. Results: Our study showed that PM exposure induced RIP and MLKL-dependent necroptosis in HBE cells and in mouse lungs. Managing the necroptosis inhibitor Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) and GSK’872, specific molecule inhibitors of necroptosis, markedly reduced PM-induced inflammatory cytokines, e.g., IL6 and IL8, and MUC5AC in HBE cells. Similarly, administering Nec-1 significantly reduced airway inflammation and mucus hyperproduction in PM-exposed mice. Mechanistically, we found PM–induced necroptosis was mediated by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species-dependent early growth response gene 1, which ultimately promoted inflammation and mucin expression through nuclear factor κB and activator protein-1 pathways, respectively. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that necroptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of PM–induced pulmonary inflammation and mucus hyperproduction, and suggests that it may be a novel target for treatment of airway disorders or disease exacerbations with airborne particulate pollution.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document