scholarly journals Growth and Biomass Yield of Brachiaria ruziziensis (Poaceae) under the Direct and Residual Effects of Fertilization with Hen Droppings at Flowering in West Cameroon

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
Gilles Jiope Azangue ◽  
Fernand Tendonkeng ◽  
David Fokom Wauffo ◽  
Etienne Tedonkeng Pamo
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
First Year ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
The University

Aim: A study was conducted at the Research and Experimental Farm (REF) of the University of Dschang with the aim of evaluating the direct and residual effects of fertilization with hen droppings on the growth and biomass yield of Brachiaria ruziziensis at flowering. Methodology: A factorial design with five levels of fertilization in terms of nitrogen in hen droppings (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 kg N/ha) on 6 m2 (3 m x 2 m) plots in four replicates, i.e. a total of 20 experimental plots was used. Fertilization with hen droppings was done one month after the placement of the stump chips, during the first year of cultivation (direct effects). In the second year of cultivation (residual effects), no fertilization was done. Measurements of plant heights and diameters were made on 40 plants per level of fertilization. Leaf, stem and whole-plant biomass assessments were made on all plots in relation to their fertilization levels. Results: This study shows that the direct effect of fertilization in the form of hen droppings resulted in heights and diameters significantly greater than those obtained under the residual effect of fertilization. Biomasses of whole plants and their different compartments obtained under the residual effect of fertilization were significantly higher than those obtained under the direct effect of fertilization. Under the direct and residual effect of fertilization, the heights, diameters and biomasses of the fertilized plots were greater than those of the control plots. The level of fertilization corresponding to the dose of 100 kg N/ha gave the best results. Conclusion: Fertilization with hen droppings at a dose of 100 kg N/ha would be recommended for the cultivation of B. ruziziensis over a two-year period, in order to limit the use of mineral fertilizers.

scholarly journals Protein Content of Brachiaria ruziziensis (Poaceae) under the Direct and Residual Effects of Fertilization with Hen Droppings

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-105
Author(s):  
Gilles Jiope Azangue ◽  
Fernand Tendonkeng ◽  
Victor François Nguetsop ◽  
David Fokom Wauffo ◽  
Etienne Tedonkeng Pamo
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
First Year ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The University ◽  
Nitrogen Contents

Aim: A study was conducted at the Research and Experimental Farm (REF) of the University of Dschang between March 2015 and December 2016, and then at the Animal Nutrition Laboratory of the Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences. The objective of this study was to evaluate the direct and residual effects of fertilization with hen droppings on the protein content of Brachiaria ruziziensis at different phenological stages. Methodology: A factorial design comprising five levels of fertilization in terms of nitrogen in the form of hen droppings (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 kg N/ha), and three phenological stages of cutting (bolting, flowering and after seed set) on 6 m2 plots (3 m x 2 m) in four replicates, i.e. a total of 60 experimental plots was used. Fertilization with hen droppings was done one month after the stump chips were grown in the first year of cultivation (direct effects). In the second year of cultivation (residual effects), no fertilization was applied. The total nitrogen content of the plant samples was determined by the Kjeldhal method and the crude protein contents were obtained by multiplying the nitrogen contents by the forage-specific coefficient of 6.25. Results: This study showed that protein contents obtained under the direct effect were significantly higher than those obtained under the residual effect of fertilization. Fertilization at 100 kg N/ha resulted in the highest protein contents under direct and residual fertilization. Conclusion: In view of the results obtained, fertilization with hen droppings at a dose of 100 kg N/ha would be recommended for the cultivation of B. ruziziensis in order to limit mineral fertilizer inputs and improve its protein content.

EFFECT OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS AND MANURES ON THE PHOSPHORUS CONTENT OF A CLAY SOIL AND ON CROP YIELDS AND QUALITY IN A LONG-TERM CROP ROTATION

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. O. Ridley ◽  
R. A. Hedlin
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
First Year ◽  
The Third ◽  
Extractable Phosphorus

Investigations of a long-term rotation experiment, to which mineral fertilizers and manures have been added for 38 years, show that the total inorganic and extractable phosphorus content of the soil has been increased by phosphate fertilizers. The organic phosphorus fraction was not affected. The extractable phosphorus content of the phosphate treated plots was found to be inversely related to the soil inorganic carbon content.Moving 12-year average yields of wheat first crop, and barley third crop in the rotation, showed the response to phosphorus is apparent only in the first year, with no residual effect on crops due to the increased soil phosphorus content. Mineral fertilizer nitrogen had no effect on the yield of the first crop, but a residual effect was apparent on the third crop. Barn manure increased yields of both crops, presumably due to the effect of phosphorus in barn manure on the first crop and the nitrogen on the third crop. Red clover as a green manure slightly decreased yields of wheat in the first year but increased yields of barley in the third year. A depressing effect on the first crop, presumably due to a nitrogen deficiency, was caused by grass plowed down as green manure but a slight increase in yields of the third crop was noted.Application of 47 pounds of nitrogen for wheat on summerfallow significantly increased the protein content of six wheat crops sampled. Variations in the protein content of wheat between years is presumably related to climatic conditions.

Correction - Initial and medium-term responses of white clover to three sulfur fertilizers on a basaltic soil

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (115) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
BD McLaughlin ◽  
ICR Holford
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
First Year ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sulfur Fertilizers

The short and medium-term effects of three sulfur fertilizers on white clover pasture were measured on a sulfur-deficient basaltic soil in the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales between 1976 and 1979. The treatments were a single application of elemental sulfur, gypsum, and sulfur-fortified superphosphate (SF45) at 0, 20, 40, and 80 kg S/ha and three annual applications of elemental sulfur and gypsum at 0, 10, 20 and 30 kg S/ha. Gypsum and SF45 gave the largest effects in the first year, and elemental sulfur and SF45 caused the largest residual effects in the third year. A single application of 20 kg S/ha gave near maximum yields over the three year period provided that most of the sulfur was supplied in the elemental form. However, to achieve maximum yields in the first year about 20% of the sulfur was required as sulfate. Likewise maximum yields in the third year required a fresh application of 10 sulfate S/ha. The relatively large residual effect of gypsum was attributed to the slow-leaching soil, and the resistance of the coarse textured elemental sulfur (65% >0.5mm) to leaching by the high summer rainfall.

Residual effects of phosphorus applied to soyabean or wheat in a soyabean–wheat cropping system on a typic haplustert

1996 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Subba Rao ◽  
K. Sammi Reddy ◽  
P. N. Takkar
Keyword(s):  
Residual Effect ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Available P ◽  
First Year ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Critical Limit ◽  
Olsen P

SUMMARYDuring a 3-year experimental period (between 1992 and 1995), residual effects on yields of subsequent crops of phosphorus applied either to soyabean or wheat, and on recoveries of the added P and changes in the available P, were studied in a soyabean–wheat cropping system on a typic haplustert very low in available P at Bhopal, India. Phosphorus was applied at rates of 0–52 kg P ha-1 (five treatments) to soyabean and 0–39 kg P ha-1 (three treatments) to wheat during the first year, and in the subsequent years the residual effects were studied in relation to fresh applications of 39 kg P ha-1 to each crop. The yields of soyabean and wheat were increased significantly by the application of P to each crop. Phosphorus applied to soyabean showed residual effects in two succeeding crops, whereas P applied to wheat showed a residual effect in only one succeeding crop. Phosphorus applied to soyabean was more efficiently utilized by the succeeding crops compared to that applied to wheat in the rotation. The recoveries of added P were greater with smaller rates of added P and greater in the first two residual crops. Olsen P in soil was adequate only in the first year and it fell below the critical limit in the subsequent two cycles of cropping. Cumulative P uptake by crops determined the levels of available P in the soil and soil test values declined with increase in cumulative P uptake over time.

Initial and medium-term responses of white clover to three sulfur fertilizers on a basaltic soil

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (115) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
BD McLaughlin ◽  
ICR Holford
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
First Year ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sulfur Fertilizers

The short and medium-term effects of three sulfur fertilizers on white clover pasture were measured on a sulfur-deficient basaltic soil in the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales between 1976 and 1979. The treatments were a single application of elemental sulfur, gypsum, and sulfur-fortified superphosphate (SF45) at 0, 20, 40, and 80 kg S/ha and three annual applications of elemental sulfur and gypsum at 0, 10, 20 and 30 kg S/ha. Gypsum and SF45 gave the largest effects in the first year, and elemental sulfur and SF45 caused the largest residual effects in the third year. A single application of 20 kg S/ha gave near maximum yields over the three year period provided that most of the sulfur was supplied in the elemental form. However, to achieve maximum yields in the first year about 20% of the sulfur was required as sulfate. Likewise maximum yields in the third year required a fresh application of 10 sulfate S/ha. The relatively large residual effect of gypsum was attributed to the slow-leaching soil, and the resistance of the coarse textured elemental sulfur (65% >0.5mm) to leaching by the high summer rainfall.

Residual management of sulfur applied to soybean or wheat in a soybean - wheat system on Vertisols

Soil Research ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 199 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Ganeshamurthy ◽  
P. N. Takkar
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Critical Level ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
First Year ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
S Uptake ◽  
Seed Yields

In a 3-year experiment on a typic Haplustert low in soil test sulfur (S), residual effects of S applied to either soybean or wheat in a soybean–wheat system were measured for seed yields, recoveries of added S, and changes in the soil test S. Sulfur as gypsum was applied at 5 rates (0–80 kg S/ha) to soybean and 4 rates (0–60 kg S/ha) to wheat during the first year. In subsequent years the residual effects were studied in relation to fresh application of 40 kg S/ha to each crop. Seed yields of soybean and wheat were increased significantly by the application of S to each crop. The rate 80 kg S/ha applied to soybean showed residual effects in 2 succeeding crops, while 60 kg S/ha applied to soybean or wheat showed residual effect in only 1 succeeding crop. The S applied to wheat was more effciently utilised than that applied to soybean in rotation. The rates 53 and 70 kg S/ha (calculated via regression equations) applied to soybean gave 90% of the seed yield of freshly applied S at 40 kg/ha in the succeeding wheat and soybean crops, respectively, and 57 kg S/ha applied to the wheat crop gave 90% of the seed yield in the succeeding soybean crop. The recoveries of added S were greater with smaller rates of added S and were greater in the first 2 residual crops. Soil test S was adequate only in the first year and fell below critical level in the subsequent cropping period. Cumulative S uptake determined the levels of available S in the soil.

A Statistical Analysts of Serially Balanced Sequences: First Order Residuals Proportional to Direct Effects

1986 ◽  
Vol 35 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mausumi Sen ◽  
Bikas K. Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
First Order ◽  
Balanced Sequences

We consider the situation where a number of treatments are successively applied to a single experimental unit with both the direct effect of a treatment (in the period it is applied) and its residual effect (in the following period) being considered as two separate components of variation. We specialize to the case where the residual effects are certain known/unknown fractions of the correeponding direct effects. We discuss a method of analysis of the underlying data and also present various related results.

EFFECT OF FOLIAR-APPLIED SELENIUM ON YIELDS AND SELENIUM CONCENTRATION OF ALFALFA, TIMOTHY AND BARLEY

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
UMESH C. GUPTA ◽  
H. T. KUNELIUS ◽  
K. A. WINTER
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
First Year ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Cropping Seasons

In a field study, the residual effects of 1, 2, and 4 kg Se/ha applied as a foliar spray and of 1 kg Se/ha applied to the soil were measured for up to five cropping seasons on yields and Se concentration of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), timothy (Phleum pratense L. and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Selenium applied as foliar spray reduced yields by 16–37% for the three species in the first year but had no effect in the second and subsequent years. Foliar applications of Se at 1–4 kg/ha in the first year produced alfalfa and timothy containing 27–142 ppm Se, which, when fed to livestock, would cause Se toxicity. Barley grain at these rates contained 4.3–8.4 ppm Se. The tissue Se concentrations of the three species did not exceed 0.6 ppm in the second and subsequent years. The residual effect of 1 kg Se/ha applied to the soil lasted longer on the three species than 1 kg Se/ha applied as foliar spray. Selenium applied to soil or as a foliar spray at 1 kg/ha resulted in tissue concentrations greater than 0.1 ppm Se in forages for two to four cropping seasons, and in barley grain for one to two cropping seasons. At 2 and 4 kg Se/ha, applied as a foliar spray, the tissue Se levels greater than 0.1 ppm were maintained for two to four cropping seasons in barley, alfalfa, and timothy. Tissue Se concentrations were generally higher in timothy than in alfalfa and barley grain. Key words: Forages, barley, selenium, yields, foliar application, podzol soil

scholarly journals Implications of ceasing annual superphosphate topdressing applications on pasture production

1990 ◽  
pp. 177-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sd Mcbride ◽  
M.L. Nguyen ◽  
D.S. Rickard
Keyword(s):  
Residual Effect ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
First Year ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
S Deficiency ◽  
Residual Values ◽  
Second Year

Two field-plot trials were superimposed on irrigated, sheep-grazed pastures on Lismore stony silt loam in Canterbury to investigate residual effects of previous superphosphate applications on dry matter (DM) production and herbage composition. Residual effect of phosphorus (P) in superphosphate was shown to depend upon previous application rate and number of years of superphosphate application. In contrast, residual effect of sulphur (S) in superphosphate was independent of previous application rate if superphosphate had been applied for 25 years at rates at or above the S maintenance rate. Previous applications of superphosphate at the annual rate of 376 kg/ha for 6 years failed to safeguard pasture against yield reduction even in the first year after superphosphate was discontinued. This reduction was attributed equally to both P and S deficiencies. Residual values of both P and S were more substantial in areas where superphosphate had been-applied-at--the-higher rate of 564 kg/ha for 6 years. However, these residual values were also short-lived and DM production declined by 13% in the second year after the cessation of superphosphate application. Different patterns of residual values of superphosphate were recorded on areas where superphosphate had been applied over a longer term of 25 years. Where superphosphate had been applied annually at 188 kg/ha, DM production fell by 10% in the first year after topdressing ceased. This reduction was due entirely to P deficiency affecting clover growth, while S deficiency - in both grass and clover - was not observed until the third year after topdressing ceased. On areas where superphosphate had been applied at a higher rate of 376 kg/ha for a similar period of 25 years, DM production did not decline until the second year. This initial decline was attributed to S deficiency in clover while P deficiency in grass and clover was not apparent until the 4th year after the cessation of superphosphate application. The results were used in a simple model that uses previous topdressing history to predict yield reductions if topdressing is withheld. Keywords residual effects, phosphorus, sulphur, irrigated pasture

Supervision: Supervision and Clinical Practicum in Telepractice

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sena Crutchley
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
First Year ◽  
University Of North Carolina ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Support Personnel ◽  
Clinical Practicum ◽  
Training Support ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
The University

This article describes how a telepractice pilot project was used as a vehicle to train first-year graduate clinicians in speech-language pathology. To date, six graduate clinicians have been trained in the delivery of telepractice at The University of North Carolina at Greensboro. Components of telepractice training are described and the benefits and limitations of telepractice as part of clinical practicum are discussed. In addition, aspects of training support personnel involved in telepractice are outlined.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document