Preliminary Study of Insect Diversity and Its Economic Importance in Agulu-Nanka Gully Sites

The study was designed to investigate the insect diversity and its economic importance in Agulu and Nanka gully sites using standard procedures. A total of 1,609 insects belonging to 15 species were identified from the study sites, which comprised of 1026 individuals belonging to 15 species from Agulu and 583 specimens belonging to 8 species from Nanka. The diversity of the insect species highlighted the dominance, diversity index, species richness and species evenness. Blattodea were the most dominant order in both Agulu site (43.27%), and Nanka site (56.60%). The order Blattodea was the most diverse (0.725) in Nanka site, whereas the order Coleoptera was the most diverse (0.740) in Agulu site. Results from the economic importance revealed 8 insect species as harmful, 3 species as beneficial, while 4 insect species were considered as both beneficial and harmful. Beneficial insects are edible and good agents of pollination while the harmful insects devour agricultural produce and stored food. The result of this study shows that gully erosion site is dominated by insect diversity, probably due to the flora regeneration.

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Keragaman Serangga di Pola Pertanaman Tumpang Sari Kedelai-Titonia

Agrosains: Jurnal Penelitian Agronomi ◽

10.20961/agsjpa.v23i1.47920 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 27

Author(s):

Putri Mustika Sari ◽

Adriansyah Yoesoep ◽

Lisdayani Lisdayani

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

Direct Observation ◽

Crop Production ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Insect Species ◽

Insect Diversity ◽

Wide Range ◽

Index Value ◽

Piezodorus Guildinii ◽

Sweep Net

Plants that have a wide range of insect presence, decreased insect diversity and abundance were so few consequenced because the absence of one insect species can be replaced by the presence of another. The bad consequences that occur are the types of plants that have specific insect specificities because the absence of these insects will cause the failure of plant pollination and will directly cause a decrease in crop production. This study aimed to determine the diversity of insect species that come in the soybean-tithonia intercropping. The method was used direct observation in tithonia-soybean intercropping, took insects using a sweep net in the morning. The results showed that there were 15 types of insects identified, namely Epilachna sp.; Coccinella sexmaculata; Coccinella transveralis; Verania lineata; Ropalidia fasciata; Priocnemis sp.; Naupactus leucoloma; Piezodorus guildinii; Bemicia tabaci; Agromyza phaseoli; Spodoptera sp.; Nezara viridula; Paederus fusipes; Hylaeus sp.; and Trigona sp. The range of results of the calculation of the diversity index showed that the five treatments in intercropping plants had the same abundance. So it was needed to calculate the highest diversity index value or maximum H expressed in Ln S. The maximum H value in this study is 2.708, which is a measure of moderate species diversity (1<H’<3).

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Diversity and Abundance of Insects on Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) Plantation at Bolaang Mongondow District

International Journal of ChemTech Research ◽

10.20902//ijctr.2019.130208 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 61-68

Author(s):

Juliet Merry Eva Mamahit

Keyword(s):

Diversity Index ◽

Ananas Comosus ◽

Insect Diversity ◽

Species Evenness ◽

North Sulawesi ◽

Sample Bottle ◽

Index Of Diversity

Bolaang Mongondow District is one of the centers of pineapple production in Indonesia that reside in province North Sulawesi, Indonesia. This research was aimed to know diversity and abundance of insect in pineapple plantation, detect species evenness of insect in to type agroecosystem of pineapple with polyculture and monoculture systems. This research was carried out at pineapple plantation on Lobong village, Bolaang Mongondow District. Insect diversity was observation in pineapple plants will be done by using pith fall traps. The trapping was put in two land research locations that have different system that’s polyculture and monoculture agroecosystem. The sample from trapping was putted into the sample bottle was sorted and identified. The analysis was done to detect diversity of insect with measures index of diversity Shannon and index of evenness Shannon-Wiener. The result showed that biodiversity of insect on pineapple plant that applies cultivation polyculture system more various from in cultivation monoculture system. Total family of insect that found at polyculture land that were 17 families with totals 1614 individuals and monoculture 12 families with totals 1450 individuals. The Shannon and Evenness diversity index in plants with polyculture systems were 0.664 and 0.571 higher than in monoculture systems (0.571 and 0.206). All types of insects that were found both in pineapple plantations were polyculture and monocultures have almost the same level of evenness (E <1).The both of system agriculture for apply system polyculture also monoculture was found family Formicidae in the order Hymenoptera be insect dominate of the area pineapple plantations.

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Tree Species Diversity of Ikogosi Warm Spring and Arinta Waterfall Watersheds, Nigeria: Implication for Sustainable Ecotourism

Asian Journal of Research in Agriculture and Forestry ◽

10.9734/ajraf/2019/v3i230033 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

O. J. Olujobi ◽

O. B. Adeleke ◽

J. O. Orimaye

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

Tree Species ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Height Distribution ◽

Species Evenness ◽

Tree Species Diversity ◽

Importance Value Index ◽

Basal Diameter ◽

Warm Spring ◽

Study Sites

An in-depth knowledge of the richness, diversity and species composition of plant community is vital for providing information for planning and sustainable utilization. This study assesses the diversity of tree species of Ikogosi warm spring and Arinta waterfall watersheds in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Direct observation and vegetation assessment were used for data collection in two hectares (ha) of land divided into four plots of 50 m by 50 m in each of the two study sites (Ikogosi warm spring and Arinta waterfall). Two plots were diagonally selected within each hectare. All living trees of basal diameter ≥10 cm were identified and classified into families. Shannon-Weiner diversity index, species evenness, relative density (RD), relative dominance (RD0) and importance value index (IVI) were used to assess and compare tree species diversity and abundance. Sorenson’s coefficient was used to compare sites for overlapping of similarity. The results revealed that seventy eight (78) species and 25 families were recorded in both watersheds with family Malvaceae having the highest species density (15). Malacantha alnifolia (5) and Voacanga africana (5) were the species most frequently encountered. Species diversity indices revealed vegetation with very high tree species diversity and abundance in the two study sites. Species evenness value revealed even distribution in Arinta waterfall than in Ikogosi warm spring. Diameter and height distribution of trees at the two watersheds indicates a forest structure that is immature and still expanding. Anthocleista vogelii, has the highest value of RD0 (15.63) and IVI (10.6) respectively. The study revealed that some species such as Anthonotha macrophylla, Aningeria robusta, Bridelia atroviridis, among others are threatened and endangered. Consequently, it was recommended that management strategies should be put in place to improve status of the watersheds while conservation efforts should be stepped up for species with rarity index value to prevent them from going into extinction.

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Analisis Keragaman Tanaman Sebagai Jasa Lingkungan Pada Lanskap Agroforestri di Daerah Aliran Sungai Krueng Aceh

Jurnal Serambi Engineering ◽

10.32672/jse.v4i2.1468 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Zulkifli Aiyub Kadir ◽

Bahagia Bahagia

Keyword(s):

Water Conservation ◽

Vegetation Structure ◽

Swot Analysis ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Middle Stream ◽

Land Management System ◽

Study Sites ◽

Aleurites Moluccana ◽

Lansium Domesticum ◽

Agroforestry Practices

Humans have utilized landscape for produces a diverse character of the wider area of the watershed. Agroforestry is a land management system in addressing the problems that arise due to changes in land use of soil and water conservation. The aim of the study was to analyze plant diversity in agroforestry practices that have services in the Krueng watershed landscape in Aceh watershed. Develop strategies in the Krueng Aceh DAS agroforestry service. This research was conducted in the upper, middle and downstream of the Krueng Aceh watershed, with a rapid method of Agro-Biodiversity Appraisal and SWOT. The results showed that the composition of the vegetation structure found in the study sites tended to vary with the diversity index of agroforestry that was currently in the upstream and middle of the Krueng Aceh watershed. Based on SWOT analysis, internal scores are 2.45 and external scores are 3.21. Agroforestry practices in the upper stream of Krueng Aceh watershed were dominated by Aleurites moluccana, Areca cathecu, and Averrhoa bilimbi L species with the highest INP in the upper stream of Krueng Aceh watershed. Vegetation at the middle stream of Krueng Aceh watershed dominated by Areca cathecu, Lansium domesticum and Musa paradisiaca.

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Study on Composition of Zoobenthos in Coastal Areas, Thai Binh Province

VNU Journal of Science Natural Sciences and Technology ◽

10.25073/2588-1140/vnunst.4686 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Ngo Xuan Nam

Keyword(s):

Diversity Index ◽

Coastal Areas ◽

Study Sites

The zoobenthos samples were collected in 30 collecting sections from 02nd to 13th June and from 02nd to 13th October 2014. Investigation of species compositon of zoobenthos in coastal areas, Thai Binh province was identified 72 species belonging to 56 genera of 33 families, 14 orders, 4 classes (Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Crustacea, Polychaeta), 3 phyla (Mollusca, Arthropoda, Annelida). In particular, Mollusca was by far the most popular with 46 species, accounting for roughly 63.8%, compared to the figure of Arthropoda was 23 species, occupying approximately 31.9%, Annelida was 3 species, occupying approximately 4.3%. The density of zoobenthos at the sampling sites averaged from 17 to 420 individuals/m2. The Shannon-Weiner (H') diversity index at the study sites averaged from 2.13 to 3.63.

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Preliminary Study on Fish Larvae at Selected Coastal Waters of Sarawak

Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology ◽

10.33736/bjrst.231.2014 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Norhakimi Muhamad ◽

Siti Akmar Khadijah Ab Rahim

Keyword(s):

Coastal Waters ◽

Intertidal Zone ◽

Larval Dispersal ◽

Sampling Methods ◽

Fish Larvae ◽

Mesh Size ◽

Subtidal Zone ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Study Sites

A survey were carried out from April to November 2012 at five study sites namely Teluk Pandan beach, Rambungan beach, Puteri beach, Sampadi Island and Satang Besar Island, Sarawak. This survey was carried out in order to obtain early documentation of fish larvae at selected coastal waters of Sarawak. Seine net (1 mm mesh size) which was pulled by two persons at intertidal zone; and bridle net (0.5 mm mesh size) that was towed by boat at subtidal zone (Sampadi Island only) were used to collect the samples. A total of 2,562 fish larvae which comprise 25 families were obtained from both sampling methods. A total of 16 families of fish larvae were caught by seine net from the intertidal zone. The same number of families was collected at the subtidal zone of Sampadi Island by bridle net. Ambassidae, Clupeidae, Engraulidae and Gerreidae found to be dominant families in the study sites. Clupeidae and Gerreidae shown a wide larval dispersal area because they were collected at all study sites. These findings seem to indicate that the subtidal zone of Sampadi support more species of fish larvae.

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Diversity of Gall-Inducing Insects Associated With a Widely Distributed Tropical Tree Species: Testing the Environmental Stress Hypothesis

Environmental Entomology ◽

10.1093/ee/nvaa072 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 838-847

Author(s):

Marcílio Fagundes ◽

Pablo Cuevas-Reyes ◽

Letícia F Ramos Leite ◽

Magno Augusto Zazá Borges ◽

Walter Santos De Araújo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Stress ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Regional Scale ◽

Soil Nutrient ◽

Plant Performance ◽

Insect Diversity ◽

Ecological Scale ◽

Copaifera Langsdorffii ◽

Study Sites ◽

Plant Herbivore

Abstract Abiotic factors can affect plant performance and cause stress, which in turn affects plant–herbivore interactions. The Environmental Stress Hypothesis (ESH) predicts that gall-inducing insect diversity will be greater on host plants that grow in stressful habitats. We tested this hypothesis, considering both historical and ecological scales, using the plant Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. (Fabaceae) as a model because it has a wide geographic distribution and is a super-host of gall-inducing insects. According to the ESH, we predicted that 1) on a historical scale, the diversity of gall-inducing insects will be higher in habitats with greater environmental stress and 2) on an ecological scale, gall-inducing insect diversity will be greater on plants that possess greater levels of foliar sclerophylly. We sampled gall-inducing insects on plants of C. langsdorffii in five sites with different levels of water and soil nutrient availability and separated from each other by a distance of up to 470 km. The composition, richness, and abundance of gall-inducing insects varied among study sites. Plants located in more stressful habitats had higher levels of foliar sclerophylly; but richness and abundance of gall-inducing insects were not affected by host plant sclerophylly. Habitat stress was a good predictor of gall-inducing insect diversity on a regional scale, thus corroborating the first prediction of the ESH. No relationship was found between plant sclerophylly and gall-inducing insect diversity within habitats. Therefore, on a local scale, we did not find support for our second prediction related to the ESH.

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Changing Microarthropod Communities in Front of a Receding Glacier in the High Arctic

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects11040226 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 226 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Dariusz J. Gwiazdowicz ◽

Bogna Zawieja ◽

Izabella Olejniczak ◽

Piotr Skubała ◽

Anna K. Gdula ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dominant Species ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Rapid Change ◽

High Arctic ◽

Soil Characteristics ◽

Landscape Scale ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Pioneer Species ◽

The Mean ◽

Study Sites

This study was carried out at Ny-Ålesund on Spitsbergen in Svalbard (High Arctic). Eight study sites were established along a transect from the fjord to the snout of the glacier. The sites differed from each other by the type of vegetation cover and soil characteristics. Soil samples were collected and placed in Tullgren funnels. Extracted arthropods were represented by two groups of mites (Mesostigmata and Oribatida) and springtails (Collembola). The pioneer species that occurred first after retreat of the glacier were representatives of the Collembola (Agrenia bidenticulata and Hypogastrura concolor). Later, other springtails appeared including Folsomia alpha, Folsomia quadrioculata, Hypogastrura concolor, Isotoma anglicana, Sminthurinus concolor and the first species of oribatid mites; Camisia foveolata and Tectocepheus velatus velatus. Arthropod communities recorded along the transect were characterized by large variations in both species composition and abundance of individuals. The greater the distance from the glacier snout, the greater the species richness (2 to 22 species). The mean number of species per sample was the lowest at site 8 (1 ± 0.71) (the closest to the glacier) and greatest at site 1 (14 ± 1.41) (furthest from the glacier). The Simpson’s diversity index (D) was distinctly greater at sites 1 (4.61 ± 0.06) and 3 (3.94 ± 0.11) than at other sites, especially site 8 (1.07 ± 0.06). Densities were least in the samples closest to the glacier (30 to 101 individuals; density 3000–10,100 individuals/m2). At the other locations, abundance was highly variable (905 to 7432 individuals; density 90,500–743,200 individuals/m2). The mean abundances were greatest at sites 2 and 3. The great variations in total abundances observed were often due to the presence or absence of one or more dominant species exhibiting extreme abundance variability between sites. The microarthropod community of the High Arctic is composed of heterogeneous circumpolar species, yet on a landscape scale is extremely dependent on local environmental conditions which may be subject to rapid change.

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Characterization of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L. var. altissima Wester) Accessions in Northern Ghana by Agro-morphological Traits

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v10n9p64 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 64

Author(s):

Nii Ayi Ankrah ◽

Antonia Y. Tetteh ◽

Nancy Coffie ◽

Achana Niagiah

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Morphological Traits ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Economic Importance ◽

Northern Ghana ◽

Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽

Branch Number ◽

Basal Diameter ◽

Large Variability ◽

Branching Points

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L. var. altissima Wester) is a bast fiber crop of global economic importance. Although West Africa is considered the centre of diversity, roselle research and utilization is widely ignored. The awakening of industrialization in Ghana presents roselle as a candidate crop for exploration, however, information on genotypes of economic importance is lacking. Our objective was to map roselle population hotspots in northern Ghana and examine genetic variability therein. Thirty-six roselle accessions collected from five regions in Ghana were planted in field trials using a 6 × 6 lattice square design in three replications and evaluated for seven qualitative and four quantitative morphological traits covering plant type, leaf and stem characteristics, and growth habit. Data were analysed by Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index (SDI) and analysis of variance. A large variability was identified between the accessions. The mean SDI values in the 18 districts ranged from 0.53 to 0.73 with Savelugu-Nanton district having the largest diversity and having accessions with the highest mean plant height of 308.27±48.91 cm, highest branching point at 107.19±64.66 cm, and few branches not exceeding 5.0 in number. Majority of the accessions exhibited low branching points. The most variable trait was branch number with SDI of 0.83±0.12. Accessions HA-07, HA-11, HA-12, HA-21, and HA-33 ranked highest with respect to plant height with few branches at high branching points, and large basal diameter. The ample diversity in roselle and identification of genotypes of economic importance await their exploitation for genetic improvement, particularly for fiber yield.

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Changes in the Microbiome of Cryptosporidium-Infected Mice Correlate to Differences in Susceptibility and Infection Levels

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms8060879 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 879 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Raheela Charania ◽

Brandy E. Wade ◽

Nina N. McNair ◽

Jan R. Mead

Keyword(s):

Diversity Index ◽

Bacterial Flora ◽

Illumina Miseq ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Species Evenness ◽

Gut Permeability ◽

Protozoan Parasites ◽

Gut Flora ◽

Cryptosporidium Spp ◽

Immunological Status

Cryptosporidium spp. are opportunistic protozoan parasites that infect epithelial cells of the small intestine, causing diarrheal illness in humans. Differences in severity may be due to the immunological status of the host, malnutrition or prior exposure but may also be due to differences in the host gut flora. We examined changes in bacterial flora following antibiotic treatment to determine how cryptosporidial infections and gut integrity were affected by alterations in the microbiome. DNA was extracted from fecal and intestinal samples during peak infection. V4 region amplicons were generated and sequenced using 16sRNA on an Illumina MiSeq. Species evenness and richness were estimated using the Shannon diversity index. There was a significant decrease in anaerobes and overgrowth of Enterobacteriaceae in mice treated with cloxacillin. We also examined levels of short-chain fatty acids in fecal samples. There was a significant decrease in acetate, propionate, and butyrate in these same mice. Concurrent with the shift in bacterial infection was a significant increase in severity of cryptosporidial infection and increase in gut permeability. Treatment with other antibiotics significantly altered the microbiome but did not change the infection, suggesting that specific alterations in the host microbiome allow for more favorable growth of the parasite.

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