scholarly journals Socio-demographic Factors Associated with Treatment Initiation Delays among Tuberculosis Patients in Namibia

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Francis F. Chikuse ◽  
Loveness N. Dzikiti ◽  
Auxilia Chideme-Munodawafa ◽  
Talkmore Maruta ◽  
Greanious A. Mavondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Treatment Initiation ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Background: Delayed tuberculosis (TB) treatment increases the rate of spread of the bacilli in the community and mortality rates. Rapid diagnosis and early TB treatment initiation are crucial to successful outcomes and delays affect TB control programs. In Namibia, there is a paucity of data on the demographic factors affecting TB treatment initiation since GeneXpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) assay was introduced in 2017. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional retrospective study conducted at Katutura Hospital TB clinic from 1st July 2018 to 31st March 2019. A total of seventy-two (72) participants comprising twenty-five (25) rifampicin resistant-TB (RR-TB) and forty-seven (47) non- RR-TB adult patients were enrolled using consecutive sampling. Patients’ medical records, Xpert results and a questionnaire were used to collect data. The data were analyzed using Stata statistical software version 12. Association between socio-demographic factors and treatment initiation delays were established using logistic regression analysis. Results: Staying with a TB patient (AOR=17.22, 95% CI: 2.29-129.773), employment status (AOR=1.23, 95% CI, 002-129), previous TB treatment (AOR=2.19, 95% CI: 0.076-0.86) and being HIV positive (AOR= 1.23, 95% CI: 0.0034-057) were the socio-demographic factors that were significantly associated with treatment initiation delays. Treatment initiation delay median time at Katutura Intermediate Hospital TB Clinic was 10 days (IQR: 1-32) and 3 days (IQR: 0-12) for RR-TB and non- RR-TB respectively. Conclusion: The prolonged treatment initiation delays among HIV positive RR-TB patients might be due to low adherence to HIV care interventions. Staying with a household TB patient and those who were previously treated for TB were also associated with treatment initiation delays. Poor health systems infrastructure and stigma could be the determinants of this delay in these groups. An integrated family-based approach to TB and HIV care involving health care workers can mitigate TB treatment delays post-diagnosis. Further studies should explore the factors associated with late initiation to second-line treatment from a community perspective. Lastly, there is a need to assess the cost-utility of bedaquiline and delamanid drugs roll-out in Namibian health care in comparison with the standard treatment.

Comorbidity and socio-demographic factors associated with renal lithiasis in persons aged 40 to 65: A cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 149 (9) ◽  
pp. 383-390
Author(s):  
Raquel Arias Vega ◽  
Luis Angel Pérula de Torres ◽  
Celia Jiménez García ◽  
Julia Carrasco Valiente ◽  
Maria José Requena Tapia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Renal Lithiasis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

scholarly journals Cross-sectional community-based study of the socio-demographic factors associated with the prevalence of dengue in the eastern part of Sudan in 2011

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed A. Soghaier ◽  
Sayed Himatt ◽  
Kamal ElDin Osman ◽  
Somia I. Okoued ◽  
Osama E. Seidahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

THE PREVALENCE OF, AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH, OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY IN BOTSWANA

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
GOBOPAMANG LETAMO
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Multistage Sampling

SummaryThe aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of, and socio-demographic factors associated with, overweight and obesity in Botswana. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2007 using a multistage sampling method to select a representative sample of 4107 men and 4916 women aged 20–49 years. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the socio-demographic factors associated with overweight and obesity. Mean BMI values for men and women were 21.7 kg/m2 and 24.4 kg/m2, respectively. Both overweight and obesity levels were higher among women than men. Overall, 23% of women were overweight compared with 13% of men. Obese women constituted about 15% compared with only 3% of men. However, 19% of men were underweight compared with 12% of women. The main socio-demographic factors associated with overweight and obesity were being older, living in a city/town, being married and having attained higher levels of education, and these relationships were statistically significant at the 5% level. Although over-nutrition is prevalent among adult female Batswana, underweight remains an important public health problem for males. Programmes and other interventions aimed at concurrently addressing both under-nutrition and overweight need to be developed.

scholarly journals Factors associated with condom use among men and women living with HIV in Lilongwe, Malawi: a cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 1.2-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa B Haddad ◽  
Jennifer H Tang ◽  
Jamie Krashin ◽  
Wingston Ng’ambi ◽  
Hannock Tweya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Consistent Condom ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Consistent Condom Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv

BackgroundUnderstanding the influences on condom use among men and women living with HIV is critical to tailoring sexually transmitted infection/HIV prevention efforts.MethodsThis is a sub-analysis of a cross-sectional survey including 255 women and 220 men who were sexually active, HIV-positive, and attending HIV care visits in Lilongwe, Malawi. We estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) to evaluate for factors associated with consistent condom use (always using condoms in the past month) and use at last coitus for men and women in separate models.ResultsAmong women: 38% and 55% reported consistent condom use and condom use at last coitus, respectively. For women, consistent use and use at last coitus were positively associated with the ability to refuse sex without condoms and shared decision-making compared with making the decision alone regarding condom use, and negatively associated with desire for children in the future. Consistent use also increased with longer antiretroviral therapy (ART) use (≥1 year compared with no ART use). Among men: 51% and 69% reported consistent condom use and condom use at last coitus, respectively. For men, the ability to refuse sex without condoms was associated with consistent use and use at last coitus, and believing that condoms should be used with other contraception was associated with consistent use.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate ongoing low condom utilisation among HIV-positive individuals, and highlight that ART and contraceptive use do not deter condom use. Efforts to increase condom utilisation must recognise individual-level factors that influence use and should focus on relationship dynamics and promotion of empowerment and self-efficacy.

scholarly journals Prevalence and socio-demographic factors associated with physical inactivity among primary health care users in Tirana, Albania: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldo Shpuza ◽  
Xhesika Xhetani
Keyword(s):  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) defines physical activity (PA) as any movement of the body produced by skeletal muscle that requires expenditure of energy. The aim of research is to assess the prevalence of and socio-demographic characteristics associated with physical inactivity (PI) among adult primary healthcare (PHC) users in Tirana, the capital of Albania.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out in Tirana from November 2020 to January 2021. During this period 500 consecutively approached individuals aged ≥18 years exiting PHC centers were interviewed face-to-face about the presence of some of the risk factors for non-communicable disease. A structured WHO STEPS questionnaire, an integrated part of which is the instrument required for this study, “Global PA Questionnaire,” was used. In addition to demographic and socioeconomic data, we obtained data on the performance of PA in terms of domains, duration, and intensity. Logistic regression was used to assess socio-demographic factors associated with PI.Results: Prevalence of PI in the study population was 31.6%. Following multivariable adjustment for all covariates, significant positive correlates of PI were female gender, rural residence, retiree status, and unemployment. Conversely, there was an inverse association with moderate level of education.Conclusions: Similar to that of other European populations, the population of Tirana has a high rate of PI showing an upward tendency. The population groups at the highest risk of PI who may be targeted for intervention programs to address this risk factor are women, rural residents, unemployed persons, and retirees.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Uptake of Contraceptives among HIV Positive Women on Dolutegravir based Anti-Retroviral Treatment at Health Centres of Kampala Capital City Authority.  A cross sectional study in Uganda.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah Mbabazi ◽  
Mariah Sarah Nabaggala ◽  
Suzanne Kiwanuka ◽  
Juliet Kiguli ◽  
Stephen Okoboi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
World Health ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Contraceptive Uptake

Abstract Background In May 2018, the World Health Organisation issued a teratogenicity alert for HIV positive women using dolutegravir (DTG) and emphasised increased integration of sexual and reproductive services into HIV care to meet contraceptive needs of HIV positive women. However, there are scarce data on the impact of this guidance on contraceptive uptake. Objective To investigate the uptake of contraceptives and the factors affecting the uptake of contraceptive services among the HIV positive women of reproductive age who use DTG.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted from April 2019 to July 2019, in five government clinics in central Uganda where DTG was offered as the preferred first-line antiretroviral treatment (ART) regimen. We randomly selected 359 non-pregnant women aged 15-49 years using DTG-based regimens. We used interviewer administered questionnaires to collect data on demographics, contraceptive use, social and health system factors. We defined contraceptive uptake as the proportion of women using any method of contraception divided by the total number of women on DTG during the review period. We described patients’ characteristics using descriptive statistics. Factors associated with contraceptive uptake were investigated using Poisson regression at multivariable analysis (STATA 14).Results Of the 359 participants, the mean age was 37(SD=6.8), half 50.7% had attained primary level of education and average monthly income <100,000Ushs. The overall level of Contraceptive uptake was 38.4%, modern contraceptive uptake was 37.6% and 96.4% of the participants had knowledge of contraceptives. The most utilised method was the injectable at 58.4% followed by condoms 15%, IUD 10.7%, pills 6.4%, implants 5.4%, and least used was sterilization at 0.7%. Predictor factors that increased likelihood of contraceptive uptake were; religion of others category AIRR=1.53(95% CI: 1.01, 2.29) and parity 3-4 children AIRR=1.48(95% CI: 1.14, 1.92). Reduced rates were observed for age 40-49 years AIRR=0.45(95% CI: 0.21, 0.94), unemployment AIRR 0.63(95% CI: 0.42, 0.94), not discussing FP with partner AIRR=0.39(95% CI: 0.29, 0.52) and not receiving FP counselling AIRR=2.86 (95% CI: 0.12, 0.73). Non-significant variables were facility, education level, marital status, sexual activity, experienced side effects of FP and knowledge on both contraceptives and DTG.Conclusion This study shows a low-level uptake of contraceptives and injectable was the most used method. It also indicated that FP counselling and partner discussion on FP increased contraceptive uptake. Therefore, more strategies should be put in place to increase male involvement in family planning programs and scale up the integration of family planning services into HIV care and management programs.

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