Intestinal Parasites and Salmonella typhi Infection among Food-handlers in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Adedokun, Ambali Amudatu ◽  
Onosakponome Evelyn Orevaoghene ◽  
Austin E. Abah
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Food Handlers ◽  
Intestinal Protozoa ◽  
Concentration Technique ◽  
Salmonella Infections ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Handling Practices ◽  
Food Handling Practices

Background: Intestinal parasites and Salmonella infections are of main public health concerns in Nigeria and the world, especially in developing countries where access to safe water and hygienic food handling practices by food handlers is a challenge. Consequently, food-handlers play a major role in the transmission of these types of foodborne diseases. Objective: This study was to determine the preponderance of intestinal parasites and Salmonella typhi among food-handlers in selected areas in Port Harcourt. Materials and Methods: A total of 480 food-handlers (195 males and 285 females) of various educational levels were sampled. Stool samples were collected and analyses were carried out using direct smear examination and formol-ether concentration technique - adopted for investigation of intestinal parasites and deoxycholate citrate agar and Salmonella-Shigella agar for the cultivation of Salmonella typhi. Results: Of 480 food-handlers examined, comprises of 195(40.6%) males and 285(59.4%) females, - majority (85.4%) were young adults aged 20-40 years. 47.9% of them - had education above secondary educational level. The preponderance of intestinal parasites was 48(10.0%) and implicated were Ascaris lumbricoides (41.7%), hookworm (33.3%) and Trichuris trichiura (25.0%). No intestinal protozoa were identified. Prevalence of 30(6.3%) was recorded for Salmonella typhi. Conclusion: Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites and S.typhi infection is relatively low among food handlers in Port Harcourt, but indicates the important role food handlers play in the transmission of the infection. Therefore, awareness should be step-up for the food handlers to avoid escalation of these infections.

scholarly journals Poultry: the most common food in outbreaks with known pathogens, United States, 1998–2012

2016 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. CHAI ◽  
D. COLE ◽  
A. NISLER ◽  
B. E. MAHON
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Food Handlers ◽  
Food Handling ◽  
Food Category ◽  
Foodborne Outbreaks ◽  
Handling Practices ◽  
Safe Food ◽  
Private Homes ◽  
Food Handling Practices

SUMMARYAs poultry consumption continues to increase worldwide, and as the United States accounts for about one-third of all poultry exports globally, understanding factors leading to poultry-associated foodborne outbreaks in the United States has important implications for food safety. We analysed outbreaks reported to the United States’ Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System from 1998 to 2012 in which the implicated food or ingredient could be assigned to one food category. Of 1114 outbreaks, poultry was associated with 279 (25%), accounting for the highest number of outbreaks, illnesses, and hospitalizations, and the second highest number of deaths. Of the 149 poultry-associated outbreaks caused by a confirmed pathogen, Salmonella enterica (43%) and Clostridium perfringens (26%) were the most common pathogens. Restaurants were the most commonly reported location of food preparation (37% of poultry-associated outbreaks), followed by private homes (25%), and catering facilities (13%). The most commonly reported factors contributing to poultry-associated outbreaks were food-handling errors (64%) and inadequate cooking (53%). Effective measures to reduce poultry contamination, promote safe food-handling practices, and ensure food handlers do not work while ill could reduce poultry-associated outbreaks and illnesses.

scholarly journals Magnitude of enteropathogens and associated factors among apparently healthy food handlers at Wolkite University Student’s Cafeteria, Southern Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Temesgen Abera Bafa ◽  
Ebrahim Muktar Sherif ◽  
Admasu Haile Hantalo ◽  
Gashaw Garedew Woldeamanuel
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Therapy Monitoring ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Food Handlers ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Abstract Objective The study aimed to assess enteropathogens carriage rate and risk factors among apparently healthy food handlers at Wolkite University cafeteria, Southern Ethiopia. Results Cross-sectional study was conducted among 170 food handlers to collect socio-demographic and related data by using structured questionnaires. Stool samples were collected and subjected to microscopic examination and cultured to determine intestinal parasites. Among the total study participants, 66% of them were found to be carriers of enteropathogens: bacteria (Salmonella typhi, Shigella species), and intestinal parasites (Ascaris lumbricoides,Taenia species, Giardia lamblia, Entameoba histolytica/dispar, Enterobius vermicularis, Hook worm and Trichuris trichiura). All Salmonella and Shigella isolates were sensitive to ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin. A significant association was found between hand washing practice before food preparation and isolated pathogens [p = 0.013]. A significant proportion of food handlers were found to be carriers of pathogens which require a periodic screening and antibiotic therapy monitoring.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitosis Among School Children in Baglung District of Western Nepal

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Shrestha ◽  
KC Narayan ◽  
R Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Students ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Concentration Technique ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Intestinal Parasitosis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Problems ◽  
Ancylostoma Duodenale ◽  
Stool Samples

Background This study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of intestinal parasites among school-going children of the Baglung municipality from December 2010 to January 2011. Objective To find out prevalence of parasitosis among school aged children and to make necessary recommendations for preventive measures. Method A total of 260 stool samples were collected. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on predisposing factors. Nails were observed without prior information to the subjects so as to find their hygienic practice. The stool samples were examined by direct wet mount and formal ether concentration technique. Results The total prevalence of the intestinal parasitosis was found to be 21.05%. The prevalence for individual parasites was as follows: Entamoeba histolytica (9.23%), Giardia lamblia (5.76%), Trichuris trichuria (5%), Ancylostoma duodenale (2.65%) and Ascaris lumbricoides (2.3%). Nail hygiene and level of education were significantly associated with intestinal parasitosis. The gender and age of the children, sanitary habits including toilet use, hand washing practice, and the use of the antihelminthic drug (albendazole) were not significantly associated with intestinal parasitosis. Higher prevalence was seen in boys, children belonging to age group 10-14 years, lower secondary students, among those who reported gastrointestinal problems within last six months, children from agriculture-based families and children with untrimmed nail. Conclusion Major contributors for the prevalence of parasites were found to be poor personal hygiene and educational level of the children. Health education and mass treatment are recommended as a preventive measures. KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY MEDICAL JOURNAL  VOL.10 | NO. 1 | ISSUE 37 | JAN - MAR 2012 | 3-6 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v10i1.6904

Cryptosporidium infection in school children in Dhanusha district, Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
Nagendra Prasad Yadav ◽  
DK Sah ◽  
S Manadhar ◽  
JK Singh
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Watery Stool ◽  
Cryptosporidium Oocysts ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Handling Practices ◽  
Water Borne

Background and Objectives: Gastro-intestinal water-borne infections are among the most emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases throughout the world. Most water-borne diseases are caused by organism ranging from microscopic viruses of less than 30 nm in diameter to parasites of 10cm in length culminate into diarrhea and cause approximately 5million reported deaths annually. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of intestinal parasites, Cryptosporidium parvum among school children. Material and Methods: The study was carried out between Februry to July 2012. Cases of diarrhea reported in 23 students were linked to water handling practices. A total 500 of child of age less than 15 years old was included in the study. A total five hundred soft, loose or watery stool specimens collected from student of less than fifteen years from different school in Janakpur. The sample was collected randomly from randomly selected five schools. The collected stool samples were screened for the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts. A modified Ziehl Neelsen with DMSO staining method was used for detecting Cryptosporidium oocysts in the stool samples. Results: The oocysts of Cryptosporidium were identified in 64 (6.8%) of the samples, while 242 samples (13%) showed mixed infections. Children aged between 3 and 10 years were mostly infected by this parasite, while infection was more prevalent in females than in males for all the age groups. Conclusion: The study suggests that Cryptosporidium is one of the important intestinal parasites of children as etiologic agents of diarrhea in immune-compromised population. Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2013) Vol. 1 (2): 40-45 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmcjms.v1i2.9268

Prevalence of Salmonella typhi and intestinal parasites among food handlers in Mekelle University student cafeteria, Mekelle, Ethiopia

Food Control ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 45-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Araya Gebreyesus ◽  
Kelemework Adane ◽  
Letemichael Negash ◽  
Tsehaye Asmelash ◽  
Shwaye Belay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
University Student ◽  
Food Handlers ◽  
Mekelle University

scholarly journals Prevalence of Giardia intestinalis Infection in Schistosomiasis-Endemic Areas in South-Central Mali

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan K.M. Fofana ◽  
Maren Schwarzkopf ◽  
Mama N. Doumbia ◽  
Rénion Saye ◽  
Anna Nimmesgern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Giardia Intestinalis ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Intestinal Protozoa ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
South Central ◽  
Concurrent Infections ◽  
Intestinal Pathogens ◽  
Stool Samples

Intestinal parasite infections are frequent causes of diarrhea and malnutrition among children in the tropics. Transmission of helminths and intestinal protozoa is intimately connected with conditions of poverty, including inadequate sanitation and hygiene. Concurrent infections with several intestinal pathogens may lead to excess morbidity. Yet, there is a paucity of epidemiological data from Mali. In this study, stool samples from 56 individuals, aged 2–63 years, from Bamako and Niono, south-central Mali were examined for intestinal parasites using stool microscopy. Additionally, stool samples were subjected to a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia intestinalis. The predominant pathogens were Schistosoma mansoni and G. intestinalis with prevalences of 41% and 38%, respectively. Hymenolepis nana was detected in 4% of the participants, while no eggs of soil-transmitted helminths were found. Concurrent infections with G. intestinalis and S. mansoni were diagnosed in 16% of the participants. For the detection of G. intestinalis, PCR was more sensitive (100%) than RDT (62%) and microscopy (48%). As helminth-protozoa coinfections might have important implications for morbidity control programs, future studies should employ diagnostic tools beyond stool microscopy to accurately assess the co-endemicity of giardiasis and schistosomiasis.

scholarly journals Intestinal parasites in children hospitalized at the Central Hospital in Maputo, Mozambique

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (06) ◽  
pp. 786-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Fonseca ◽  
Natercia Fernandes ◽  
Filipa S Ferreira ◽  
Joana Gomes ◽  
Sónia Centeno-Lima
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Central Hospital ◽  
Concentration Technique ◽  
Contagious Diseases ◽  
Parasite Detection ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Direct Microscopic Observation

Introduction: Intestinal parasites are important contributors to the global disease burden, especially in children of low-income countries. The present study determined the frequency of intestinal parasites in children hospitalized at the diarrhea section of the Infectious-Contagious Diseases ward and at the Malnutrition ward of the Department of Pediatrics of the Maputo Central Hospital in Mozambique. Methodology: This pilot study conducted between February and March 2009 enrolled a total of 93 children between 1.5 and 48.2 months of age; 87.1% were younger than 24 months. Parasite detection in stool samples was achieved using direct microscopic observation and Ritchie’s concentration technique. Results: Infection with pathogenic intestinal parasites was detected in 16.1% (15/93) of the children. Giardia duodenalis and Trichuris trichiura were the most common parasites (6.5%, 6/93 each), followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (2.2%, 2/93). One case of mixed infection with A. lumbricoides plus T. trichiura was also detected. Conclusion: This study reinforces the importance of routinely examining stool samples for the diagnosis of intestinal parasites (including protozoa) in children hospitalized in endemic areas.

scholarly journals Preventing Foodborne Illness: Salmonellosis

EDIS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith R. Schneider ◽  
Renée M. Goodrich-Schneider ◽  
Michael A. Hubbard ◽  
Susanna Richardson
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Foodborne Illness ◽  
Food Science ◽  
Food Handlers ◽  
Salmonella Infection ◽  
Food Handling ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Handling Practices ◽  
Food Handling Practices ◽  
Good Food

In 2007, there were over 1 million cases and some 400 deaths associated with Salmonella-contaminated food. In 2004, it was estimated that the total economic burden caused by Salmonella infection in the United States was $1.6–$5.3 billion. Food handlers, processors, and retailers can minimize the risk of salmonellosis by using good food handling practices. This 6-page fact sheet was written by Keith R. Schneider, Renée Goodrich Schneider, Michael A. Hubbard, and Susanna Richardson, and published by the UF Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, March 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fs096

scholarly journals Prevalence of intestinal parasites among food handlers attending public health laboratories in Khartoum State, Sudan

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarig A. Gamar ◽  
Hassan H. Musa ◽  
Hisham N. Altayb ◽  
Mogeeb Kabbashi ◽  
Yassen Alsayed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Food Handler ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Food Handlers ◽  
Agar Culture ◽  
Concentration Technique ◽  
Intestinal Pathogens

Background:  Infections by intestinal pathogens especially protozoans and helminths are considered to pose a real health problem, particularly in the tropics.  They cause considerable morbidity and mortality rates in developing countries. The high prevalence of these infections is closely correlated with poverty, poor environmental hygiene, and impoverished health services. This study aimed to detect prevalence and frequency of parasitic infections among food handlers in Khartoum Sudan.  Methods: Three hundred and fifty Food-handlers, attending public health laboratories in Khartoum, Sudan, for an annual medical check-up, were screened for intestinal parasites by four laboratory techniques viz. direct faecal examination, formal-ether concentration, Baermann technique and agar culture method. Results: The infection rate was 23.7% by Formol-Ether Concentration technique, followed by direct saline stool preparation (7.1%). Out of 83 positive samples the infection rate among different nationalities was as follows: Sudanese 68 (81.9%), Ethiopians 13 (15.7%), Syrians 2 (2.4%) and Egyptians 0 (0%). Intestinal parasites were more prevalent among males (73; 25.1%) than female food handlers (10; 16.9%). Three protozoans, nematodes, two tap worms and one trematode worm were detected among infected population: their frequency were as follows: Entamoeba histolytica (7.4%), Entamoeba coli (6.86%), Giardia lamblia (6%), Schistosoma mansoni (1.40%), Necator americanus (1.43%), Hymenolepis nana (0.68%), Strongyloides stercoralis (0.68%), Taenia saginata (0.57%), Ascaris lumbricoides (0.57%) and Trichostrongylus species (0.29%). Conclusion: The overall prevalence of protozoan infections among food handler in Khartoum state, Sudan was 20.26% while the helminthic infections was 5.97%. Formol-ether concentration technique is better for detection of intestinal parasites than the direct faecal smear technique. Likewise, Barmann’s technique confirms detection of nematodes worms especially hookworms.

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