scholarly journals Efficiency of the Adapted Automatic Row Hoe for Weed Control in Organic Soybean

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
Emerson Fey ◽  
Neumárcio Vilanova da Costa ◽  
Silvio Douglas Ferreira ◽  
Vitor Gustavo Kuhn ◽  
Anderson Marcel Gibbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mechanical Control ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Direct Sowing ◽  
Production Losses

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the row hoe model CHOPSTAR®, the mechanical control of weeds in between the rows of soybean implanted in organic direct sowing system, associated with the camera-guided system. Two experiments were carried, being that in the first experiment an experimental design with sub-subdivided plots with four replicates. The plots corresponded to two soybean varieties (‘Embrapa BRS 284’ and ‘Coodetec CD 216’), the subplots corresponded to the sowing densities of 329.2 and 574.6 thousand plants ha-1; and the sub-subplots corresponded to four managements of weeds: one mechanized hoe (2 days after sowing – DAS), two mechanized hoes (22 and 47 DAS), one control manually hoed and other control without hoeing. In the second experiment a randomized block design in subdivided plots with three replicates was used. The plots corresponded to two soybean varieties (‘BRS 284’ and ‘DF 2353’), the subplots constituted of different times when the hoes were made, being: one (14 DAS); two (7 and 21 DAS; two (14 and 28 DAS); three (7, 14 and 28 DAS); besides one control manually hoed up to 28 DAS. In the first experiment it was observed that the automatized hoe was efficient in controlling the weeds and it was necessary only one mechanized hoe (22 DAS) for the ‘BRS 284’ independent of the sowing density, while for the ‘CD 216’ the number of mechanized hoes depended on the sowing density. In the second experiment, it was necessary only one mechanized hoe (14 DAS) to avoid production losses in the varieties ‘BRS 284’ and ‘DF 2353’. The automatized hoe is an alternative to control weeds in areas of organic soybean in direct sowing system, however, damages to the crop can occur depending on the sowing density, mainly in the late management of the mechanized hoe.

scholarly journals Combate químico de malezas en manzano (Pyrus malus L.): coadyuvantes.

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
José Juan Cerda
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Chemical Method ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Mechanical Method ◽  
Mechanical Control ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The Cost

This study was carried out in order to determine the efficiency of paraquat and glyphosate herbicides mixed with four coadjutants for post-emergent weed control, as compared to mechanical control, as well as their economic feasibility. The study took place in Sierra de Arteaga, Coahuila, México. Information was collected 3, 13, 17, 31, and 83 days after application. A randomized block design with four repetitions was used. Glyphosato combined with adherent controlled 80% of weeds 83 days after application; glyphosate combined with moisturizer, and glyphosate combined with humic acid yielded 78.6 and 77.1% control respectively. Parquat mixed with humic acid controlled 88.4% 31 days after application and parquat mixed with adherent showed 75.1% control after 31 days. Overall, glyphosato combined with coadjutants showed better weed control 83 days after application. The cost of such treatment was $346.3 (Mexican currency), while the cost for the mechanical method was $810.00 (Mexican currency). The chemical method proved to be the most cost-efficient.

scholarly journals Frequency of recirculation of nutrient solution in hydroponic cultivation of coriander with brackish water

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 447-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mairton G. da Silva ◽  
Tales M. Soares ◽  
Hans R. Gheyi ◽  
Itamar de S. Oliveira ◽  
José A. da Silva Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Hydroponic Cultivation ◽  
Production Losses

ABSTRACT The present study used a hydroponic system with leveled channels, in order to evaluate coriander cultivation under different intervals of nutrient solution recirculation and the use of freshwater and brackish water. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with five replicates, in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme, from February to March 2014. Two levels of electrical conductivity (EC) of water (0.32 and 4.91 dS m-1) and four frequencies of nutrient solution recirculation (at intervals of 0.25, 2, 4 and 8 h) were evaluated. This experimental design was adopted in the evaluations performed at 10, 15 and 25 days after transplantation (DAT). Additionally, at 21 DAT subplots were established for the evaluation of plant position (initial, intermediate and final) along the hydroponic channels. It is viable to use nutrient solution recirculation every 8 h, without production losses. The use of brackish water (EC = 4.91 dS m-1) may be an alternative for the hydroponic cultivation of coriander, despite the reduction in production, but without any damage on the visual aspect of the product. Plants grown at the initial and intermediate positions along the hydroponic channels showed higher production.

scholarly journals Herbisida penoksulam 25 g/L sebagai pengendali gulma teki dan daun lebar pada budidaya padi sawah sistem tanam pindah

Kultivasi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uum Umiyati ◽  
Dedi Widayat ◽  
Denny Kurniadie
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Randomized Block Design

AbstrakPenoxsulam merupakan herbisida yang dapat mengendalikan gulma rumput, teki, dan daun lebar dengan cara menghambat enzim acetolactate synthase. Percobaan ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kemampuan dari herbisida penoxsulam 25 g/L dalam mengendalikan gulma teki dan daun lebar pada budidaya padi sawah sistem pindah tanam. Percobaan dilakukan di lahan petani pad sawah Desa Pasirjengkol, Kabupaten Karawang, Jawa Barat. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok menggunakan 6 perlakuan (4 dosis uji dan 2 kontrol) dan empat ulangan. Dosis yang diuji adalah herbisida penoxsulam 25 g/L dengan dosis 10 g, 15 g, 20 g, 25 g, dan 30 g bahan aktif/ha. Kontrol menggunakan pengendalian secara mekanik serta tanpa pengendalian gulma. Herbisida penoxsulam 25 g/L efektif mengendalikan gulma Fimbristylis miliacea dan Spenochlea zeylanica pada tanaman padi sistem pindah tanam.  Semua dosis uji tidak memperlihatkan gejala keracunan pada tanaman padi. sehingga tidak mempengaruhi pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman padi, seperti jumlah anakan serta tinggi tanaman. Herbisida berbahan aktif penoxsulam 25 g/L dengan dosis 10 g b.a/ha, merupakan dosis yang paling efektif dalam pengendalian gulma padi sawah berdasarkan produktivitas padi dan berat kering gulma.Kata Kunci: herbisida, penoxsulam 25 g/L, teki, daun lebarAbstractPenoxsulam is a herbicide that can control weeds, such as grasses, sedges, and broadleaves by inhibiting acetolactate synthase enzyme. This experiment was carried out to determine the ability of penoxsulam 25 g/L herbicide in controlling sedges and broadleaves weed in paddy field. The experiment was carried out in the farmers field in Pasirjengkol Village, Karawang Regency, West Java. The experimental design used randomized block design. It consisted of 6 treatments (4 test doses and 2 controls) and four replications. Treatment doses tested were penoxsulam herbicide 25 g/L at a dose of 10 g, 15 g, 20 g, 25 g, and 30 g active ingredient per ha. Control used mechanical weeding and without weed control. Penoxsulam herbicide 25 g/L was effective in controlling Fimbristylis miliacea and Spenochlea zeylanica in paddy field. All test doses showed no symptoms of toxicity in paddy plants, so it did not affect the vegetative growth of rice plants, such as the number of tillers and plant height. Herbicide with active ingredient of penoxsulam 25 g/L with a dose of 10 g active ingredient per ha was the most effective dose in controlling weed based on rice productivity and weed dry weight.Keywords: herbicide, penoxsulam 25 g/L, sedges, broadleaves

scholarly journals Pengaruh perbedaan waktu turun hujan terhadap aplikasi herbisida kalium glifosat dalam mengendalikan gulma dominan kelapa sawit

Kultivasi ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denny Kurniadie ◽  
Yayan Sumekar ◽  
Subhan Nulkarim
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Effective Rainfall ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Sari. Rendahnya produktivitas kelapa sawit salah satunya disebabkan oleh adanya kompetisi tanaman dengan gulma. Pengendalian gulma dengan herbisida kalium glifosat 660 g/L sudah banyak dilakukan dan dinilai efektif. Hambatan yang terjadi yaitu terkadang turun hujan setelah aplikasi herbisida yang menyebabkan efikasi kurang efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ketahanan herbisida kalium glifosat 660 g/L akibat pencucian air hujan dalam mengendalikan gulma dominan pada tanaman kelapa sawit. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Rumah Kaca Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran Jatinangor pada bulan Februari sampai bulan April 2018. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu Rancangan Acak Kelompok yang terdiri dari 7 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah waktu turun hujan setelah aplikasi herbisida kalium glifosat 660 g/L, yang terdiri dari 0, 1, 2, 3, dan 4 jam setelah aplikasi, tanpa hujan, serta tanpa aplikasi herbisida. Perlakuan diterapkan pada 6 jenis gulma, yaitu Asystasia intrusa, Imperata cylindrica, Borreria alata, Ageratum conyzoides, Paspalum conjugatum dan Setaria plicata. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa herbisida kalium glifosat 660 g/L mampu mengendalikan 5 jenis gulma yaitu I. cylindrica, A. conyzoides,  S. plicata (persentase kerusakan masing-masing 100%); B. alata (persentase kerusakan 90 – 100%); dan P. conjugatum (persentase kerusakan 51,5 – 100%); secara efektif walaupun tercuci air hujan  antara 2 – 4 jam setelah aplikasi. Herbisida kalium glifosat 660 g/L mampu mengendalikan gulma I. cylindrica (persentase kerusakan 79,6%); B. alata, dan A. conyzoides (persentase kerusakan masing-masing 100%); dengan rentang waktu kurang dari 2 jam setelah aplikasi sebelum tercuci air hujan. Kata kunci: Kelapa Sawit, gulma dominan, Kalium glifosat 660 g/L, turun hujanAbstract. The low productivity of oil palm is caused by competition between crop with weeds. Weed control with potassium glyphosate 660 g.L-1 herbicide has been done and is considered effective. Rainfall after herbicide application can be a problem because efficacy can be less effective. This study aims to determine the effect of rainfall on effectivity of potassium glyphosate 660 g.L-1 herbicide in controlling the dominant weeds of oil palm. The study was carried out at the Ciparanje Experimental Greenhouse, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, from February to April 2018. The experimental design used Randomized Block Design, that consisted of 7 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were the time of rainfall after application of potassium glyphosate 660 g.L-1 herbicide. It consisted of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours after herbicide application, without rainfall, and without herbicide application. The treatment was applied to 6 types of weeds. There were Asystasia intrusa, Imperata cylindrica, Borreria alata, Ageratum conyzoides, Paspalum conjugatum, and Setaria plicata. The experimental results showed that potassium glyphosate 660 g.L-1  was able to control 5 types of weeds. There were I. cylindrica,  A. conyzoides, S. plicata (each percentage of damage was 100%); B. alata (90-100% damage percentage); P. conjugatum (51.5 – 100% damage percentage); was controlled in rainfall at 2 – 4 hours after herbicide application. Potassium glyphosate 660 g.L-1 herbicide controlled I. cylindrica (79.6% damage percentage); B. Alata and A. conyzoides (each percentage of damage was 100%); in rainfall at less than 2 hours after herbicide application.Keyword: Palm oil, Dominant Weed, Potasium Glyphosate, Rainfall

scholarly journals Nitrogen topdressing and application ways of fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen in weed control and agronomic performance of common bean

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 2301-2307 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATHEUS G. SILVA ◽  
ORIVALDO ARF ◽  
PAULO E. TEODORO
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Bean Yield ◽  
Leaf N Content ◽  
Leaf N

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of interaction between nitrogen topdressing and different application ways (active ingredients) a.i. fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen in weed control and agronomic performance of common bean. The experiment was conducted during winter 2003 in Selvíria/MS. The experimental design used was a randomized block design with four replications in a factorial scheme 2x7. The first factor was composed by the absence or presence of nitrogen topdressing, while the second factor consisted of different application ways of fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen. The following variables were measured: leaf N content, dry matter of plants, yield components (number of pods plant-1, number of grains plant-1, the average number of grains pod-1 and mass of 100 grains), grain yield, phytotoxicity and weed control percentage. The nitrogen topdressing with 75 kg ha-1provided higher dry matter of plants, higher weed control and higher common bean yield of irrigated winter. In the absence of nitrogen topdressing in the application of urea before or together to fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen increased their effectiveness in controlling weeds without interference in the agronomic performance of common bean.

scholarly journals Weed control in corn and weed sample size for growth evaluations

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.B. Tavella ◽  
P.S.L. Silva ◽  
V.R. Oliveira ◽  
P.L.O. Fernandes ◽  
R.P. Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Experimental Variation ◽  
Yield Values ◽  
Viable Seeds

The objectives of this study were to evaluate baby corn yield, green corn yield, and grain yield in corn cultivar BM 3061, with weed control achieved via a combination of hoeing and intercropping with gliricidia, and determine how sample size influences weed growth evaluation accuracy. A randomized block design with ten replicates was used. The cultivar was submitted to the following treatments: A = hoeings at 20 and 40 days after corn sowing (DACS), B = hoeing at 20 DACS + gliricidia sowing after hoeing, C = gliricidia sowing together with corn sowing + hoeing at 40 DACS, D = gliricidia sowing together with corn sowing, and E = no hoeing. Gliricidia was sown at a density of 30 viable seeds m-2. After harvesting the mature ears, the area of each plot was divided into eight sampling units measuring 1.2 m² each to evaluate weed growth (above-ground dry biomass). Treatment A provided the highest baby corn, green corn, and grain yields. Treatment B did not differ from treatment A with respect to the yield values for the three products, and was equivalent to treatment C for green corn yield, but was superior to C with regard to baby corn weight and grain yield. Treatments D and E provided similar yields and were inferior to the other treatments. Therefore, treatment B is a promising one. The relation between coefficient of experimental variation (CV) and sample size (S) to evaluate growth of the above-ground part of the weeds was given by the equation CV = 37.57 S-0.15, i.e., CV decreased as S increased. The optimal sample size indicated by this equation was 4.3 m².

scholarly journals Technical and Economic Viability of Wheat with Forms of Application and Doses of Boron

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando S. Galindo ◽  
Marcelo C. M. Teixeira Filho ◽  
Salatiér Buzetti ◽  
Eduardo H. M. Boleta ◽  
Willian L. Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Irrigated Wheat

Boron is one of the most limiting micronutrients in grains production system in Brazil. In this way, the objective was to evaluate the effect of forms of application and doses of boron in irrigated wheat grain yield evaluating the economic terms in Cerrado region. The experiment was conducted in no-tillage system in an Oxisol with clay texture in Selvíria, MS, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replicates, arranged in a 4 × 3 factorial scheme: four doses of boron (0, 1, 2 and 4 kg ha-1) with boric acid source (B = 17%); and three apllication forms: a) in desiccation of the predecessor straw, together with herbicide; b) at the time of sowing, in soil along with the formulated fertilization seeding and c) via leaf tissue with the application of post emergent herbicide. The application of 2 kg ha-1 provides greater grain yields, but the highest economic return was obtained at the dose of 1 kg ha-1, with application in soil, ensuring profitability from production of irrigated wheat in the Cerrado.

scholarly journals Nutritional Requirement of Sugarcane Cultivars

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinicius S. G. da Silva ◽  
Mauro W. de Oliveira ◽  
Vilma M. Ferreira ◽  
Terezinha B. A. Oliveira ◽  
Elaine R. Galvão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Nutritional Requirement ◽  
Sugarcane Varieties ◽  
The Past ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
New Varieties

Sugarcane produces a large amount of biomass, extracts and accumulates high amounts of nutrients. In the literature the nutritional requirements for most cultivated varieties in the past are found, however there is little information on the new varieties currently planted. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional requirement of four sugarcane varieties, currently very planted, in the cycles of plant-cane, first and second ratoon. The study was installed in a Yellow Oxisol. The experimental design was a randomized block design, with five replications, and four treatments: RB867515, RB92579, SP813250 and VAT90212. During maturation of the cane, in the three evaluation cycles, the productivity of natural biomass and the nutritional requirement of macronutrients of the varieties were determined. It was evidenced that the cultivars of sugarcane are of high productive potential and resemble the accumulation of biomass, observing a yield of 158, 128 and 107 t ha-1 in the cycles of plant-cane, first and second ratoon. Regarding the nutritional requirement, the varieties did not differ among them and expressed the following order of need in the plant-cane K > N > Ca > Mg > S > P, in the first and second ratoon, the sequence observed was K > N > Ca > S > Mg > P.

scholarly journals Phenotypic stability and genetic gains in six-year girth growth of Hevea clones

1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1223-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo de Souza Gonçalves ◽  
Alberto Kazutoshi Fujihara ◽  
Altino Aldo Ortolani ◽  
Ondino Cleante Bataglia ◽  
Nelson Bortoletto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Phenotypic Stability ◽  
Plateau Region ◽  
Genetic Gains ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Clonal Variance

Rubber tree [Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr. de Juss.) Müell. Arg.] budgrafts of seven clones were evaluated on five contrasting sites in the plateau region of the São Paulo State, Brazil. The objective of this work was to study the phenotypic stability for girth growth. The experimental design was a randomized block design with three replications and seven treatments. Analysis of variance of girth at six-year plant growth indicated a highly significant clone x site interaction. Only linear sites and clone x site components of clone x year interaction were significant, indicating that the performance of clones over sites for this trait could be predicted. The clones GT 1 and PB 235 showed the greatest stability in relation to girth growth, with foreseen responses to change, introduced in the sites. The clones PB 235 and IAN 873 showed significative difference in relation to regression coefficient, representing clones with specific adaptability on favorable and unfavorable sites respectively. The clone GT 1 became the most promissory one in the study of stability and adaptability even showing low girth growth. Expected genetic gains from planting sites, along with estimates of clonal variance and repeatability of clonal means are generally greatest or close to the greatest when selection is done at the same site.

scholarly journals Seleção de genótipos de batata-doce quanto à eficiência ao uso do fósforo em solos da região de cerrado

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-364
Author(s):  
Luziano Lopes Da Silva ◽  
Márcio Antônio Da Silveira ◽  
Rodrigo Ribeiro Fidelis ◽  
Rodrigo de Castro Tavares ◽  
Valéria Gomes Momenté ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Tuberous Root ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
The Family ◽  
Selection Of

The sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (l.) Lam.) Lam) is a plant that produces tuberous root belonging to the family convolvulácea explored in practically all states of Brazil. The objective of this work was to select genotypes of the sweet potato as the efficiency of phosphorus use in cerrado soils with high and low availability of this nutrient. Were evaluated nine genotypes of sweet potato coming from the germplasm bank from the Federal University of the Tocantins, Brazil. The experimental design was in randomized block design with three replications being nine genotypes grown in two environments with low and high phosphorus availability, using doses of phosphorus fertilization from 20 and 120 kg ha-1 P2O5, applied at planting. To select genotypes suitable for environments proposed was used methodology for selection of the efficient use and response to phosphorus fertilization (efficiency and response). Genotype Amanda was classified as efficient and responsive, Barbara, Julia, Marcela and Carolina Vitoria as efficient, but not responsive and Livia, Duda, Ana Clara and Beatriz were classified as non-efficient, responsive but the absorption and utilization of phosphorus.

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