scholarly journals Combate químico de malezas en manzano (Pyrus malus L.): coadyuvantes.

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
José Juan Cerda
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Chemical Method ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Mechanical Method ◽  
Mechanical Control ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The Cost

This study was carried out in order to determine the efficiency of paraquat and glyphosate herbicides mixed with four coadjutants for post-emergent weed control, as compared to mechanical control, as well as their economic feasibility. The study took place in Sierra de Arteaga, Coahuila, México. Information was collected 3, 13, 17, 31, and 83 days after application. A randomized block design with four repetitions was used. Glyphosato combined with adherent controlled 80% of weeds 83 days after application; glyphosate combined with moisturizer, and glyphosate combined with humic acid yielded 78.6 and 77.1% control respectively. Parquat mixed with humic acid controlled 88.4% 31 days after application and parquat mixed with adherent showed 75.1% control after 31 days. Overall, glyphosato combined with coadjutants showed better weed control 83 days after application. The cost of such treatment was $346.3 (Mexican currency), while the cost for the mechanical method was $810.00 (Mexican currency). The chemical method proved to be the most cost-efficient.

scholarly journals Economic Feasibility of Chemical Weed Control in Soybean Production in Serbia

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Meseldžija ◽  
Miloš Rajković ◽  
Milica Dudić ◽  
Milica Vranešević ◽  
Atila Bezdan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Economic Injury Level ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
Economic Justification ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Effective Combination ◽  
Economic Injury

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and phytotoxicity of herbicides in combinations and to determine their economic feasibility in the soybean crop. The trials were placed at two locations, Pobeda and Budisava (Serbia), during 2016 and 2018, organized in a randomized block design with four replicates of all herbicide combinations (metribuzin + S-metolachlor; imazamox + oxasulfuron + typhenesulfuron-methyl; metribuzin + S-metolachlor + imazamox + oxasulfuron + typhenesulfuron-methyl; and bentazon + imazamox + typhenesulfuron-methyl). At the first location, 16 weed species were determined, while in the second location, 14 were determined. The highest reduction in the number of weeds was achieved at the first location, using a combination of herbicides metribuzin + S-metolachlor + imazamox + oxasulfuron + typhenesulfuron-methyl with a total efficacy that ranged from 96.98% to 97.40%. Only on the second location bentazone + imazamox + tifensulfuron-methyl showed passable phytotoxicity on soybean, during both years. Based on the established economic justification, in the combinations of metribuzin + S-metolachlor + imazamox + oxasulfuron + typhenesulfuron-methyl, yield was increased for 2350 kg/ha or 1.91 times more, according to the untreated variant at first location. The economic injury level at the most effective combination of herbicides was 52.70 weeds/m2.

scholarly journals Efficiency of the Adapted Automatic Row Hoe for Weed Control in Organic Soybean

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
Emerson Fey ◽  
Neumárcio Vilanova da Costa ◽  
Silvio Douglas Ferreira ◽  
Vitor Gustavo Kuhn ◽  
Anderson Marcel Gibbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mechanical Control ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Direct Sowing ◽  
Production Losses

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the row hoe model CHOPSTAR®, the mechanical control of weeds in between the rows of soybean implanted in organic direct sowing system, associated with the camera-guided system. Two experiments were carried, being that in the first experiment an experimental design with sub-subdivided plots with four replicates. The plots corresponded to two soybean varieties (‘Embrapa BRS 284’ and ‘Coodetec CD 216’), the subplots corresponded to the sowing densities of 329.2 and 574.6 thousand plants ha-1; and the sub-subplots corresponded to four managements of weeds: one mechanized hoe (2 days after sowing – DAS), two mechanized hoes (22 and 47 DAS), one control manually hoed and other control without hoeing. In the second experiment a randomized block design in subdivided plots with three replicates was used. The plots corresponded to two soybean varieties (‘BRS 284’ and ‘DF 2353’), the subplots constituted of different times when the hoes were made, being: one (14 DAS); two (7 and 21 DAS; two (14 and 28 DAS); three (7, 14 and 28 DAS); besides one control manually hoed up to 28 DAS. In the first experiment it was observed that the automatized hoe was efficient in controlling the weeds and it was necessary only one mechanized hoe (22 DAS) for the ‘BRS 284’ independent of the sowing density, while for the ‘CD 216’ the number of mechanized hoes depended on the sowing density. In the second experiment, it was necessary only one mechanized hoe (14 DAS) to avoid production losses in the varieties ‘BRS 284’ and ‘DF 2353’. The automatized hoe is an alternative to control weeds in areas of organic soybean in direct sowing system, however, damages to the crop can occur depending on the sowing density, mainly in the late management of the mechanized hoe.

scholarly journals Effect of Hormones on Yield and Economics of Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) under Southern Telangana Agro-Climatic Conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
Ganta Harshitha ◽  
Ch. Bharat Bhushan Rao ◽  
T. Ram Prakash ◽  
S. A. Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Pod Development ◽  
The Cost

An experiment was carried out at student farm, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, in sandy loam soils during rabi 2020 to study the effect of hormones on growth and yield of mustard under Southern Telangana Agro-climatic conditions. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with ten treatments. The treatments comprised were: T1-Control (RDF 60:40:40 N, P2O5, K2O kg ha-1), T2 (RDF + foliar spray of GA3 @ 45 ppm at flowering), T3 (RDF + foliar spray of GA3 @ 45 ppm at pod development), T4 (RDF + foliar spray of GA3 @ 45 ppm at flowering and pod development), T5 (RDF + foliar spray of humic acid @ 1.5% at flowering), T6 (RDF + foliar spray of humic acid @ 1.5% at pod development), T7 (RDF + foliar spray of humic acid @ 1.5% at flowering and pod development), T8 (RDF + foliar spray of GA3 @ 45 ppm fb humic acid @ 1.5% with 2 days interval at flowering), T9 (RDF + foliar spray of GA3 @ 45 ppm fb humic acid @ 1.5% with 2 days interval at pod development) and T10 (RDF + foliar spray of GA3 @ 45 ppm fb humic acid @ 1.5% with 2 days interval at flowering and pod development). Results indicated that, application of RDF + foliar spray of GA3 @ 45 ppm fb humic acid @ 1.5% with 2 days interval at flowering and pod development (T10) and application only at flowering (T8) gave the similar and higher yields and economic returns. As the cost of cultivation of T10 was higher than T8, BC ratio was higher for T8.

scholarly journals Effects of early compost application on no-till organic soybean

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A.O. Penha ◽  
C.A. Khatounian ◽  
I.C.B Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Block Design ◽  
No Till ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Compost Application ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Herbicide Use ◽  
Mechanical Weed Control ◽  
Compost Manure

Weed control has always been an important issue in agriculture. With the advent of no-till systems, soil erosion was reduced but herbicide use was increased. Organic no-till systems try to adjust reduced erosion to the no use of herbicides. Nevertheless, this adjustment is limited by the cost of mechanical weed control. This cost may be reduced by improved cultural weed control with cover crops mulches. In this paper we report a study on the application of compost manure on an oats winter cover crop, preceding soybean, instead of on the soybean summer crop. Treatments comprised a control without compost manure, and compost manure doses of 4 and 8 Mg ha-1 applied either on oats in winter or soybean in summer, organized in a randomized block design, with five replications. In summer, plots were split into weed-controlled or not controlled subplots. The timing of application and the manure doses did not affect the oats biomass or the soybean performance. However, in summer, without water stress, the application of manure at 8 Mg ha-1 directly on soybean has reduced weed biomass in this crop.

scholarly journals Nitrogen topdressing and application ways of fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen in weed control and agronomic performance of common bean

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 2301-2307 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATHEUS G. SILVA ◽  
ORIVALDO ARF ◽  
PAULO E. TEODORO
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Bean Yield ◽  
Leaf N Content ◽  
Leaf N

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of interaction between nitrogen topdressing and different application ways (active ingredients) a.i. fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen in weed control and agronomic performance of common bean. The experiment was conducted during winter 2003 in Selvíria/MS. The experimental design used was a randomized block design with four replications in a factorial scheme 2x7. The first factor was composed by the absence or presence of nitrogen topdressing, while the second factor consisted of different application ways of fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen. The following variables were measured: leaf N content, dry matter of plants, yield components (number of pods plant-1, number of grains plant-1, the average number of grains pod-1 and mass of 100 grains), grain yield, phytotoxicity and weed control percentage. The nitrogen topdressing with 75 kg ha-1provided higher dry matter of plants, higher weed control and higher common bean yield of irrigated winter. In the absence of nitrogen topdressing in the application of urea before or together to fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen increased their effectiveness in controlling weeds without interference in the agronomic performance of common bean.

scholarly journals Weed control in corn and weed sample size for growth evaluations

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.B. Tavella ◽  
P.S.L. Silva ◽  
V.R. Oliveira ◽  
P.L.O. Fernandes ◽  
R.P. Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Experimental Variation ◽  
Yield Values ◽  
Viable Seeds

The objectives of this study were to evaluate baby corn yield, green corn yield, and grain yield in corn cultivar BM 3061, with weed control achieved via a combination of hoeing and intercropping with gliricidia, and determine how sample size influences weed growth evaluation accuracy. A randomized block design with ten replicates was used. The cultivar was submitted to the following treatments: A = hoeings at 20 and 40 days after corn sowing (DACS), B = hoeing at 20 DACS + gliricidia sowing after hoeing, C = gliricidia sowing together with corn sowing + hoeing at 40 DACS, D = gliricidia sowing together with corn sowing, and E = no hoeing. Gliricidia was sown at a density of 30 viable seeds m-2. After harvesting the mature ears, the area of each plot was divided into eight sampling units measuring 1.2 m² each to evaluate weed growth (above-ground dry biomass). Treatment A provided the highest baby corn, green corn, and grain yields. Treatment B did not differ from treatment A with respect to the yield values for the three products, and was equivalent to treatment C for green corn yield, but was superior to C with regard to baby corn weight and grain yield. Treatments D and E provided similar yields and were inferior to the other treatments. Therefore, treatment B is a promising one. The relation between coefficient of experimental variation (CV) and sample size (S) to evaluate growth of the above-ground part of the weeds was given by the equation CV = 37.57 S-0.15, i.e., CV decreased as S increased. The optimal sample size indicated by this equation was 4.3 m².

Optimizing the Application Time of Pre-emergence Herbicide Pendimethalin and Oxyfluorfen Application for Effective Weed Management in Irrigated Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) and Its Residue Persistence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Selvakumar ◽  
R. Ajaykumar ◽  
A. Ammaiyappan
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Vigna Mungo ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Control Efficiency ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Weed Control Efficiency

Background: Time of pre-emergence herbicide application is an important factor that decides the efficiency of herbicide. If the pre-emergence herbicide is not applied at appropriate time, it may cause ineffective weed control or toxicity to crops. With this background, a field experiment was conducted at TNAU, Madurai to optimize the time of pre-emergence herbicides namely pendimethalin and oxyfluorfen application for effective weed management in irrigated blackgram. Methods: The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replication. Treatments were application of pendimethalin at 0.75 kg ha-1 and oxyfluorfen at 0.2 kg ha-1 on 1, 2, 3, 4 days after sowing, weed free check and unweeded check. Result: Results of the study revealed that oxyfluorfen gave maximum weed control efficiency as compared to pendimethalin, but toxicity to the crop was observed when oxyfluorfen was sprayed after 2 days of sowing. Yield and economics were achieved higher with application of 0.75 kg ha-1 of pendimethalin at 2 DAS, which was on par with application of 0.2 kg ha-1 of oxyfluorfen at 1 DAS due to lesser toxicity. Application of 0.75 kg ha-1 of pendimethalin and 0.2 kg ha-1 of oxyfluorfen didn’t leave any herbicide residue after harvest. Hence, application of 0.75 kg ha-1 of pendimethalin at 2 DAS and 0.2 kg ha-1 of oxyfluorfen at 1 DAS can be recommended for effective weed management in irrigated balckgram.

scholarly journals Effects of Returning Granular Corn Straw on Soil Humus Composition and Humic Acid Structure Characteristics in Saline-Alkali Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1005
Author(s):  
Xiaodong Chen ◽  
Jinggui Wu ◽  
Yaa Opoku-Kwanowaa
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Corn Straw ◽  
Soil Humus ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Alkali Soil ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Humus Composition

Returning straw plays an important role in protecting the environment and maintaining the sustainable development of agriculture. In this research, we explored the effects of returning granular corn straw on soil humus composition and humic acid structural characteristics in a typical saline-alkali soil. This study was conducted in Jilin province. A randomized block design consisting of nine plots with three treatments in three replicates was used for this study. The treatments were granular corn straw (GS), coarse corn straw (CS), and control (CK). The results show that treatments GS and CS both increased the contents of soil humus and its components in the soil compared to CK. However, treatment GS recorded the highest significant increase in soil humus carbon (HEC), fulvic acid carbon (FAC), and humic acid carbon (HAC) by 17.59%, 8.32%, and 26.51%, respectively. Comparing the two straw treatments, it was found that the relative intensities of treatment GS at 2920 and 2850 cm−1 were higher than treatment CS by 1.58% and 72.49%, respectively. The relative intensities of treatment GS at 1720 cm−1 and 1620 cm −1 were lower than treatment CS by 52.2% and 30.43%, respectively. Moreover, an analysis of soil humic acid (HA) through an infrared spectrum, fluorescence spectrum, and principal components analysis (PCA) showed that the application of straw makes the structure of HA aliphatic, simple, and younger, and also promotes the continuous renewal of humus. In this study, the application of granular corn straw effectively improved the soil humus content and humic acid structural characteristics and is thus highly recommended.

scholarly journals Effects of weed management and plant arrangements on yield index of sweet sorghum

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronaldo Matias Reis ◽  
Matheus Souza Freitas ◽  
Daniel Valadão Silva ◽  
Gustavo Antônio Mendes Pereira ◽  
Ana Beatriz Rocha de Jesus Passos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
And Control

Sweet sorghum is currently an important alternative for ethanol production in sugar cane off-season. In this study was to evaluate the effects of plant arrangements and the application of atrazine and S-metolachlor on growth and productivity of sweet sorghum. An experiment was conducted in randomized block design and, arranged in split plots with four repetitions. Plots consisted of spacing (0.25 m, 0.45 m 0.45-0.45-0.90 m) and sub-plots of weed control methods - atrazine (2000 g ha-1), atrazine + S-metolachlor (2000 + 720 g ha-1), atrazine + S-metolachlor (2000 + 960 g ha-1), atrazine + S-metolachlor (2000 + 1200 g ha-1), atrazine + S-metolachlor (2000 + 1440 g ha-1). Besides that, manual hoeing control was added. The intoxication of sorghum plants and weed control was evaluated at 7, 14 e 28 days after herbicides application (DAA). Plant height, stem diameter, total fresh matter, juice mass and total soluble solids (°Brix) were evaluated at 120 days after crop emergence (DAE).  There was no interaction between the factors spacings and control method for variables total matter fresh (TMF), height (H), stem diameter (D), juice mass (JM), and Brix. Application of the mixture (atrazine + S-metolachlor) in the highest doses reduced total fresh matter and °Brix. The spacing of 0.25 m provided the highest productivity of fresh matter, juice mass and increased the °Brix. The application of mixture (atrazine + S-metolachlor) controlled 90% of the weeds at 28 days after application. The increasing in doses of S-metolachlor elevates the intoxication in sorghum plants. The mixture (atrazine + S-metolachlor) has a potential for use in weed control in sweet sorghum, but at doses below 960 g ha-1 of S-metolachlor. metolachlor.

scholarly journals Dampak Aplikasi Mulsa terhadap Dominasi dan Pertumbuhan Gulma pada Edamame

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Destieka Ahyuni ◽  
Dulbari Dulbari ◽  
Hidayat Saputra ◽  
Lina Budiarti ◽  
Miranda Ferwita Sari
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Edamame was a commodity that contains all types of essential amino acids that can stabilize blood sugar levels, increase metabolism and energy levels, and help build muscle and immune system cells. Farmer’s interest in planting edamame is high due to the high demand and promising commodity prices. However, edamame is often faced with weed disturbances. The weeds in edamame cultivation can reduce production in quantity and quality. Research is needed for effective weed control techniques to reduce losses and increase production plus increasing income. The research was conducted at the Lampung State Polytechnic from April to September 2020. The study was arranged using a randomized block design with single factor treatment in the form of weed control techniques with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The aim of this research was to find the best weed control techniques in edamame cultivation. The results of this study were using mulch can reduce weed growth by 75.75% to 95.45% compared without using mulch. The highest pressure on weed growth was obtained from the used plastic mulch as a weed control technique.

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