scholarly journals Mulch Cover Management for Improving Weed Control in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Production

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
. Shilpa ◽  
Y. R. Shukla ◽  
Priyanka Bijalwan ◽  
Kuldeep S. Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Planting Methods

In this study we evaluated the effects of two different types of mulches (black mulch, silver/black) on weed control and yield in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) production. Field studies were carried out during 2017-2018 and 2018-2019. The treatments consisted in the study were planting methods (raised bed/flat bed), polythene mulching applications (black mulch, silver/black and unmulched plots) and training systems (two stem and three stem). Tomato seedlings were transplanted in the plots, where mulch application had already been done prior transplanting.The results indicated thatmarketable tomato yield from the treatments consisting of black mulch, was higher compared to the other unmulched plots for both the years of study. In unmulched plots there was reduction of tomato yield. Mulch treatments reduced the number of weeds, weed intensity, and above ground biomass (fresh weight and dry weight of weeds) as compared to control plots. At tomato harvest weeds were well suppressed by black mulch above the entire where black mulches have been used. In mulch plots there was consistent reduction in weed intensity also. The black mulch seems to be a suitable for assuring an effective weed suppression and high yield in tomato grown in raised beds compared to the plants grown on flat beds without using any mulch material.

Rimsulfuron and Metribuzin Efficacy in Transplanted Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Ackley ◽  
Henry P. Wilson ◽  
Thomas E. Hines
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Sequential Treatments

In field studies in 1991, 1992, and 1993, rimsulfuron at 26 and 35 g ai/ha, sequentially at 26 g/ha, at 26 g/ha plus metribuzin at 280 g ai/ha, and metribuzin at 280 g/ha were evaluated POST for weed control in transplanted ‘Agriset’ tomato. Common lambsquarters was controlled by rimsulfuron at 35 g/ha. Rimsulfuron plus metribuzin gave consistent control of common ragweed, but jimsonweed control was inconsistent and goosegrass control was generally low. Rimsulfuron treatments caused slight (< 12%) temporary injury to new terminal growth of tomato. Yield of tomato fruit was consistently high in the metribuzin, metribuzin plus rimsulfuron, and rimsulfuron sequential treatments. In greenhouse studies, giant foxtail and large crabgrass control by rimsulfuron was above 95 and 85%, respectively, but goosegrass was not controlled. Height of four tomato cultivars was not reduced, but dry weight of ‘Floradade’ and ‘Sunbeam’ was reduced by rimsulfuron.

Weed Control with Reduced Rates of Chlorimuron Plus Metribuzin and Imazethapyr in No-Till Narrow-Row Soybean (Glycine max)

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Johnson ◽  
Jeffrey S. Dilbeck ◽  
Michael S. Defelice ◽  
J. Andrew Kendig
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
No Till ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Narrow Row

Field studies were conducted at three locations in 1993 and 1994 to evaluate weed control and crop response to combinations of glyphosate, metolachlor, 0.5 X and 1 X label rates of chlorimuron plus metribuzin applied prior to planting (PP), and 0.5 X and 1 X label rates of imazethapyr applied early postemergence (EPOST) or postemergence (POST) in no-till narrow-row soybean production. Giant foxtail densities were reduced with sequential PP followed by (fb) EPOST or POST treatments. Large crabgrass was reduced equivalently with all herbicide combinations involving chlorimuron plus metribuzin PP fb imazethapyr. Common cocklebur control was variable but was usually greater with treatments that included imazethapyr. Ivyleaf morningglory densities were not reduced with any herbicide combinations. Sequential PP fb EPOST or POST treatments tended to provide slightly better weed suppression than PP-only treatments, but the difference was rarely significant. Soybean yields with treatments utilizing 0.5 X rates were usually equal to 1 X rates.

scholarly journals Genetic variability and trait relationship in cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. var. cerasiforme (Dunnal) A. Gray)

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Islam ◽  
HC Mohanta ◽  
MR Ismail ◽  
MY Rafii ◽  
MA Malek
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Cherry Tomato ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Additive Gene

Nine traits of 11 cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) var. cerasiforme (Dunal) A. Gray) inbred lines exhibited a wide range of genetic variability. High geno- and phenotypic coefficients of variation were obtained for individual fruit weight (68.16 and 74.23%, respectively) followed by number of fruits/plant (58.8 and 68.34%, respectively). High estimates of heritability, genetic advance and genotypic coefficient of variation for the traits of individual fruit weight, number of fruits and clusters/plant were controlled by additive gene action indicating the possibility of selection to improve these characters. Fruit yield/plant showed low heritability along with low genetic advance and did not show significant and positive correlation with the remaining characters. It indicates that improvement of high yield through selection is difficult, rather hybridization can be effective for improving the fruit yield/plant. Among the lines, CH154 produced the highest number of fruits/plant (291) and highest fruit yield (1.89 kg/plant and 63.4 t/ha) and can be selected for cultivation under Bangladesh condition. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v41i2.13443 Bangladesh J. Bot. 41(2): 163-167, 2012 (December)

Influence of Shading by Soybeans (Glycine max) on Weed Suppression

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 610-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Murphy ◽  
B. J. Gossett
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Annual Weeds

Field studies were conducted at Florence and Clemson, South Carolina to measure the influence of soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] planting dates on the length of early-season weed control needed to prevent yield reductions, the rate of shade development, and suppression of annual weeds by soybeans. The rate of shade development was similar for both planting dates during the 9- to 11-week period after planting for Florence and Clemson, respectively. The period of weed-free maintenance required to prevent soybean yield reductions was not affected by planting dates. With cultivation between rows, early- and late-planted soybeans required 3 weeks of weed-free maintenance to achieve maximum yields. Lower weed weights resulted from late than early soybean plantings. At Clemson, 3 weeks of weed-free maintenance for early and late plantings reduced weed weights 97 and 91%, respectively. Weed weights at Florence were reduced 85% with 3 weeks of weed-free maintenance for the late plantings, whereas 5 weeks were required to reduce weed weights 88% for early plantings.

Effect of liquid seaweed extracts on growth of tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 619-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalba Mireya Hernández-Herrera ◽  
Fernando Santacruz-Ruvalcaba ◽  
Mario Alberto Ruiz-López ◽  
Jeffrey Norrie ◽  
Gustavo Hernández-Carmona
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Seaweed Extracts ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L

scholarly journals Impact of dry sludges and sludge biochar on height and dry matter of Solanum lycopersicum L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-252
Author(s):  
Giovanni Reyes-Moreno ◽  
Jairo Leonardo Cuervo-Andrade ◽  
Aquiles Enrique Darghan-Contreras ◽  
Néstor Julián Cárdenas-Pardo
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Pollution Problem ◽  
Incomplete Factorial Design ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Different Doses

The generation of sludge as anthropic waste is a fundamental pollution problem. However, its conversion to biochar can be an alternative to conventional fertilization for its management and use in agriculture. In this research, we evaluated the effect of the application of different doses of dry sludge (DS) and biochar of pyrolyzed sludge (PS) on the height and dry matter of a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) crop and the nutrient content in the substrate. The biochar was made by rapid pyrolysis, and the substrate and the dry matter of plants were analyzed by different physical and chemical methods. An evaluation of 11 treatments was carried out in allometric measurements of plants and foliar dry matter, in three replicates with two materials (DS and PS) added to the substrate at different levels. The plant height and dry weight were evaluated using an incomplete factorial design in a completely randomized arrangement by performing statistical analysis of multivariate variance. An increase in plant height and dry weight was observed when the doses of DS and PS were increased; however, there were no statistical differences between the two materials. The amount of carbon, organic matter, and Ca concentrations in the dry leaf weight were increased with the addition of DS and PS. Likewise, the use of these materials as conditioners or amendments to agricultural soil at doses of 10-15 t ha-1 may be viable and can contribute to reducing environmental externalities through the use of these anthropic waste materials.

scholarly journals The Effect of Composted Organic Wastes on Weed Control Provided by Preemergence Herbicides

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 470E-470
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Johnson ◽  
Larry Kuhns ◽  
Tracey Harpster
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Yard Waste ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Composted Sewage Sludge

Community waste management programs that include the composting of sewage sludge and yard wastes have become a necessity. Using these composts provides many benefits; however, increased levels of organic matter may reduce the effectiveness of preemergence herbicides. Determining how herbicide application rates may need to be adjusted when composted waste is incorporated into the soil may permit the use of these amendments without any decrease in weed control. This experiment examined the effect of two types of compost (composted sewage sludge and composted yard waste) on the weed control provided by four preemergence herbicides. The soil was a Hagerstown silt loam amended with 10%, 20%, or 30% compost by volume. Each mix was placed in half-gallon cardboard milk cartons. The cartons were seeded at 1/2 and 1/4 inches with a mixture of broadleaved weeds and grasses. Each soil mix was treated with simazine, oxyfluorfen, oryzalin, and metolachlor at two rates. Control was evaluated both visually by number and by the dry weight of the harvested weeds. Preliminary results indicate composted sewage sludge causes a greater reduction in herbicide efficacy than composted yard waste. Oryzalin and metolachlor were affected less than oxyfluorfen or simazine. The experiment was repeated using lower application rates. In one replication the soil mixes from the previous experiment were used. The second replication used a Hagerstown silty clay loam soil with fresh compost. The results of this experiment will provide preliminary information for future field studies designed to determine if the application rates of preemergence herbicides need to be adjusted when fields are amended with composted organic matter.

Potential of Rye (Secale cereale) for Weed Management in Transplant Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum)

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 596-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reid J. Smeda ◽  
Stephen C. Weller
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Bare Ground ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Weed Growth

Weed control in tomato production systems is difficult because few are registered. The use of rye for weed control and its influence on transplant tomato yields was investigated during 1986 and 1987 at two locations in IN to determine if cover crops can provide an alternative weed management technique. ‘Wheeler’ rye was sown in the fall of 1985 and 1986, and mowed or desiccated with glyphosate at various times before planting ‘IND 812'tomatoes. At the time of glyphosate application, rye residues reduced the growth of overwintering weeds by 93% or more compared to bare ground (no cover crop) areas. The time of desiccating rye prior to planting tomatoes affected the extent of weed suppression by rye residues. In 1986, rye treated 4 wk before planting (WBP) tomatoes provided up to 89% suppression of weed growth at 2 wk after planting (WAP) tomatoes, but no measurable weed suppression 5 WAP tomatoes. Rye treated 2 WBP tomatoes provided up to 97% weed suppression up to 5 WAP tomatoes. In 1987, weed suppression varied between locations and differed from 1986. At Lafayette, rye treated 2 and 1 WBP tomatoes provided greater than 81% suppression of weed growth up to 8 WAP tomatoes. Rye mowed and the residues placed into a plot at a known density also reduced weed growth (60%) 8 WAP tomatoes. At Vincennes, however, rye treated 2 and 1 WBP in 1987 did not reduce weed growth later than 4 WAP tomatoes compared to the unweeded, bare ground treatment. The mowed rye residues at Vincennes suppressed weed growth (96%) up to 8 WAP tomatoes. Tomato yield was correlated to weed suppression. In 1986, tomato yield in the rye treated 2 WBP tomatoes was comparable to yield in the bare ground, weeded controls. However, tomato yield in rye plots treated 4 WBP tomatoes was similar to yield in the bare ground, unweeded control. In 1987, tomato yields in all rye plots (mowed, treated 2 and 1 WBP tomatoes) were similar to tomato yields in the bare ground, weeded control at Lafayette. At Vincennes, only the mowed rye treatment yielded comparably to the bare ground, weeded control. In general, rye plots that were weeded yielded similar to or up to 28% more than a bare ground, weeded control. Tomato yields were not reduced by rye residues. Tomato yields in rye residues that provided effective suppression of weed growth (greater than 80%) for a minimum of 4 to 5 WAP tomatoes were comparable to bare ground, weeded controls.

Weed competition in maize (Zea mays L.) as a function of the timing of hand-hoeing weed control in the southern Guinea savanna zone of Nigeria

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Takim
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
The University

Field studies were conducted in 2010 and 2011 at the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Ilorin, Nigeria (9°29′ N, 4°35′ E) to evaluate the effect of early weed competition on the growth and yield of maize. The experiment was designed as a randomized complete block (RCBD) with a split-plot arrangement and three replications. The main plots consisted of three weed control treatments included weedy (no herbicide), grass weeds (pre-emergence atrazine) and broadleaf weeds (pre-emergence metolachlor), while the sub-plots consisted of six durations of weed infestation (3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 weeks after emergence). The pre-emergence herbicides had a greater effect on weed density and weed dry weight. Weed seedling emergence and weed dry weight increased significantly with an increase in the duration of weed interference. The grasses and broadleaf weeds had a similar influence on the growth and grain yield of maize. Three to five weeks of weed interference gave similar grain yields, which were significantly higher than those obtained in plots that had 6-8 weeks of weed interference. These results suggest that the maize crop must be kept free of weeds for 6-8 weeks after the application of pre-emergence herbicide to minimize weed-crop competition and harvest a good grain yield.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document