scholarly journals Antidiarrhoeal Effects of Hydromethanolic Leaves Extract of Ipomea asarifolia in Albino Rat Model

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
A. N. Ukwuani-Kwaja ◽  
I. L. Yakubu ◽  
A. S. Mustapha ◽  
B. Makun
Keyword(s):  
Castor Oil ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Intestinal Fluid ◽  
Fluid Accumulation ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Toxicity Studies

Aim: To evaluate the antidiarrhoea effect of hydromethanolic leave extract of I. asarifolia (HLEIA) on castor oil-induced diarrhea. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life sciences, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero, Kebbi state, Nigeria. P.M.B.1144. Kebbi State. Nigeria, between February 2015 and September 2016. Methodology: In a continuous effort to search for bioactive agents from medicinal plants, the antidiarrhoea activity of I. asarifolia was investigated. The effect of hydromethanolic leave extract of I. asarifolia (HLEIA) on castor oil-induced diarrhoea, gastrointestinal transit and intestinal fluid accumulation (enteropooling) were assessed in albino rats. Qualitative phytochemical analysis was carried out using standard procedures while acute oral toxicity studies was determined using the staircase method. Results: The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloid, terpenoid, tannin, saponin, phenols. The LD50 was estimated to be greater than 3000 mg/kg since there was no mortality recorded after 14 days of acute oral toxicity studies. Sub-chronic administration of graded doses (150 – 600 mg/kg) of HLEIA significantly (p<0.05) reduced diarrhoea episodes, decreased gastro intestinal movement and inhibited intestinal fluid accumulation compared to the control. The antidiarrhoea effect of treated group (600 mg/kg ) was comparable to that of the standard drug Loperamide. Conclusion: The findings of the present study scientifically validate the use of I. asarifolia in the treatment of diarrhoea.

scholarly journals Phytochemistry and effects of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Meytenus senengalensis (Lam) on Castor-oil Induced Diarrhoea in Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Kyari Abba Sanda ◽  
Umar Kyari Sandabe ◽  
Ibrahim Bulama ◽  
Mohammed ‎Babakura ◽  
Hanna Madziga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Castor Oil ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Intestinal Transit ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Intestinal Fluid ◽  
Fluid Accumulation

Abstract Meytenus senengalensis (Lam). Ethanol leaf extract was investigated for its phytochemical contents as well as anti-diarrhoea effects. The ethanol leaf extract which is normally used in folkloric medicine was subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening. Graded doses of the extract (200, 400 and 800 mg per kg) were administered orally to the three groups of rats (n = 5) before induction of diarrhoea with castor oil. Another two groups of animals were treated with normal saline (control) and loperamide, a conventional anti-diarrhoea drug respectively. Gastro-intestinal transit of charcoal meal and gastro-intestinal enteropooling with the same graded doses of the ethanol leaf extract were used for comparison. The extract produced a significant inhibition of the castor oil induced diarrhoea. The gastro-intestinal transit of charcoal meal was also reduced by the various graded doses of the extract used in this study. However, the intestinal fluid accumulation was only slightly reduced by 400 mg/kg dose of the extract. The phytochemical analysis of the ethanol leaf extract revealed the presence of secondary metabolites such as   carbohydrates, cardenolides, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and terpenoids. The findings suggest that, the ethanol leaf extract of M. senengalensis possesses antidiarrhoeal effect, which could be related to inhibition of gastro-intestinal motility and secretion.  

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE ACUTE AND SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY STUDIES OF BARLERIA BUXIFOLIA LINN. IN ALBINO RATS

2021 ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
MANOHAR REDDY ◽  
RAJA SUNDARARAJAN
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Acute Changes

Objective: The fundamental reason for this examination was to look at the acute and subchronic toxicity studies of chloroform and methanol extracts of Barleria buxifolia Linn. (Acanthaceae) on creature models according to the OECD rules 407 and 425, respectively. Methods: In acute oral toxicity, study a single oral dosages of 5000 mg/kg body weight of chloroform and methanol extracts was given individually to rats and watched them for 2 weeks for the discovery of acute changes and for its mortality any. During acute oral toxicity study period, no mortality was seen without any signs of intense changes. Further, it was executed the subchronic toxicity of extracts. Barleria buxifolia extracts (chloroform and methanol) were independently given every day at dosages of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight for 90 days to recognize the progressions any at subchronic poisonousness levels. Towards the finish of the experimentation the serum tests of trail creatures were gathered and watched for any progressions in haematological, biochemical and histopathological boundaries Results: All parameters of treated group were shown unaltered changes throughout the study period when compared with that of normal group. The outcomes propose that the oral organization of chloroform and methanol extracts of Barleria buxifolia did not raise any huge poisonous impacts when contrasted with that of control animals. Conclusion: Hence, the extracts may be safe for therapeutic use and as an alternative system of medicine.

scholarly journals Acute and Sub-acute oral toxicity studies of Deedan-A Unani drug in Albino rats

2015 ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Showkat Dar ◽  
Khalid Ghazanfar ◽  
Seema Akbar ◽  
Akbar Masood ◽  
Tazeen Nazir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Albino Rats ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Studies

scholarly journals Safety and Fertility Potential of Kenyan Grewia tenax (Mukawa Wa Guba) Root Extract Secondary Metabolites

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Peter J. Kasyoki ◽  
Catherine K. Kaingu ◽  
Christine O. Wangia ◽  
Faraj O. Alkizim
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Grewia Tenax

Aim: To screen Kenyan Grewia tenax root extract phytochemicals and correlate the attribute fertility enhancing effects and safety in female albino rats. Study Design: An experimental study design was used. Place and Duration of Study: The phytochemical studies were done at Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Department of Botany Laboratory, while acute oral toxicity studies were done at the Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi (UON) animal house. The study was done during the month of March to June 2019. Methodology: Grewia tenax was harvested with the help of a plant taxonomist. The roots were chopped into small pieces and dried under shade for three weeks. They were then ground into powder. Organic extracts were prepared by sequential extraction (petroleum ether, dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate and methanol), by use of cold maceration. Aqueous extracts were obtained by hot maceration. Phytochemical screening of extracts was done by standard phytochemical procedures. A total of 12 female albino rats were used in acute oral toxicity studies as per OECD 423 guidelines. Results: Methanol extract had the highest composition of phytochemicals, i.e. alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, sterols, terpenes and cardiac glycosides. Aqueous and DCM extracts showed presence of alkaloids, saponins and cardiac glycosides, while petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts showed presence of alkaloids and cardiac glycosides. Steroids and tannins were absent in all extracts. Flavonoids, alkaloids and terpenes are fertility enhancing compounds due to their antioxidant and radical scavenging properties. Flavonoids, alkaloids and glycosides improve fertility by inducing ovarian steroidogenesis and folliculogenesis. In the acute oral toxicity study, there were no adverse effects at 5000 mg/kg extract administration. Conclusion: Kenyan Grewia tenax root extract has phytochemicals postulated to enhance fertility and is orally safe. These findings may require further verification using in vivo studies.

scholarly journals In-vivo Antidiarrhoeal and anti-ulcerative activities of the Tetraclinis articulata species of the Cupressaceae family

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
Zine El Abidine Ababsa ◽  
Mohamed Tahar Derouiche ◽  
Kamel Medjroubi ◽  
Salah Akkal
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Intestinal Fluid ◽  
Fluid Accumulation ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Butanol Extract ◽  
Tetraclinis Articulata

Abstract Tetraclinis articulata (Thuya of Barbary), endemic to North Africa, is used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of many diseases [1]. We investigated the antidiarrhoel properties of the butanol extract of Tetraclinis articulata (BETA) in male and female Swiss albino mice to support its traditional use. The antidiarrhoeal activity of the plant extract was evaluated in a model of castor oil-induced diarrhoea model in mice and compared to loperamide (a reference inhibitor of diarrhoea). The effect of (BETA) on gastrointestinal motility was determined by the oral administration of charcoal and Castrol oil-induced intestinal fluid accumulation (enteropooling).The (BETA) showed remarkable antidiarrhoeal activity significantly inhibited gastrointestinal motility and castor oil induced enteropolysis (68,18%), more than to the inhibition achieved in loperamide treated mice (60,16%). The second aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-ulcerative activity of The (BETA), it produced percent protection of control colitis by 77, 40%, while the standard drug (aspirin) produced 81,39% protection. We conclude that Tetraclinis articulata extracts are potential sources of new anti-ulcer agents and antidiarrhoeal drugs.

Acute and subacute toxicity assessment of Madhulai Manappagu (Siddha herbal syrup formulation) in animal model

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meenakshi Sundaram Malayappan ◽  
Gayathri Natarajan ◽  
Logamanian Mockaiyathevar ◽  
Meenakumari Ramasamy
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Gross Pathology ◽  
Toxicity Studies

Abstract Objectives Madhulai Manappagu – a well-known sastric and widely prescribed Siddha herbal syrup formulation indicated for treating Veluppu Noi (Anaemia especially Iron deficiency Anaemia) has been in day today practice in Tamil Nadu for a quite longer decades. The syrup is a herbal preparation which has a sweet pleasant odour and a palatable taste, contain the juice of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) as the main ingredient. Though the formulation is a fruit juice, the safety profile of the syrup is not established and is being marketed without toxicological evaluation. The study is aimed at ascertaining the acute and sub-acute toxicity assessment of Madhulai Manappagu in Wistar Albino rats. Methods The acute and sub-acute (28day repeated oral) toxicity studies were performed as per the guidelines mentioned in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 423 (adopted on December 2001) and TG 407 (adopted on October 2008) with slight modifications respectively. For acute toxicity study, three female rats were randomly selected as control; three female rats were randomly selected and were administered a single dose of 5,000 mg/kg body weight per oral route. For sub-acute (28day repeated oral) toxicity studies, three doses of test drug MM of 500 mg/kg/day (low dose), 750 mg/kg/day (intermittent dose) and 1,000 mg/kg/day (high dose) were selected for administration. Both sexes of Wistar Albino rats were randomized into four groups of 10 animals each (five males, five females). Group I was kept as control group. Group II, III and IV served as low, intermittent and high doses of MM respectively. Animals were observed for mortality, morbidity, body weight changes, feed and water intake. Haematology, clinical biochemistry, electrolytes, gross pathology, relative organ weight and histopathological examination were performed. Results In the acute toxicity study, rats showed no toxicological signs on behavior, gross pathology and body weight of rats when treated with a single dose of 5,000 mg/kg body weight per oral route. In the subacute (28 days repeated oral) toxicity study, rats have showed no significant changes on behavior, gross pathology, body weight, and hematological and biochemical parameters when treated with Madhulai Manappagu in three different doses. Conclusions The toxicity studies which include both acute and 28 days repeated (subacute) oral toxicity studies, revealed no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of Madhulai Manappagu in animals. Thus the safety of the drug in human usage was ensured.

scholarly journals Acute skin irritation, acute and sub-acute oral toxicity studies of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oils in mice and rabbit

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (26) ◽  
pp. 389-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengiste Berhan ◽  
Dires Kassahun ◽  
Lulekal Ermias ◽  
Arayaselassie Mahlet ◽  
Zenebe Tizazu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Studies

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A NOVEL MUCOADHESIVE DERIVATIVE OF PSYLLIUM SEED POLYSACCHARIDE

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Monica R.p. Rao ◽  
Snehal R. Gaikwad ◽  
Prachi M. Shevate
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Drug Release Profile ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Percent Increase ◽  
Human Use ◽  
Ellman’S Method ◽  
Thiol Functionalization

Objective: In the present study, thiol-functionalization of psyllium seed polysaccharide (PSY) was cross-linked with thioglycolic acid by esterification in an attempt to reveal the mucoadhesive properties of thiolated psyllium seed polysaccharide (TPSY).Methods: The crosslinking was carried out by the microwave-assisted method. A simplex centroid design was employed to systematically study the mucoadhesive strength, mucoadhesive retention time and drug release profile. Comparative evaluation of carbopol-based ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (HCl) tablets containing PSY and TPSY was carried out. Acute oral toxicity studies and repeated oral toxicity for TPSY were also conducted.Results: Thiol-functionalization was confirmed by-SH stretch in Fourier Transform infra-red spectra at 2353 cm-1. Thiolation was observed in thiolated PSY (TPSY) by a change in the surface morphology of psyllium from fibrous to granular and resulted in 82 %swelling in deionized water. TPSY was found to contain 102.35 mmol of thiol groups/g as determined by the Ellman’s method. The percent increase in mucoadhesive strength of TPSY was found to be 50.31 % as compared to PSY and 128.30 % as compared to carbopol. The percent increase in mucoadhesive retention time of TPSY was found to be 110 % as compared to PSY and 50 % as compared to carbopol.Conclusion: Mucoadhesion strength and mucoadhesive retention time were greater of tablets containing a higher amount of TPSY. Further, the acute oral toxicity studies and repeated oral toxicity for TPSY proved it as non-toxic and hence safe for human use.

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