Acute and subacute toxicity assessment of Madhulai Manappagu (Siddha herbal syrup formulation) in animal model

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meenakshi Sundaram Malayappan ◽  
Gayathri Natarajan ◽  
Logamanian Mockaiyathevar ◽  
Meenakumari Ramasamy
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Gross Pathology ◽  
Toxicity Studies

Abstract Objectives Madhulai Manappagu – a well-known sastric and widely prescribed Siddha herbal syrup formulation indicated for treating Veluppu Noi (Anaemia especially Iron deficiency Anaemia) has been in day today practice in Tamil Nadu for a quite longer decades. The syrup is a herbal preparation which has a sweet pleasant odour and a palatable taste, contain the juice of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) as the main ingredient. Though the formulation is a fruit juice, the safety profile of the syrup is not established and is being marketed without toxicological evaluation. The study is aimed at ascertaining the acute and sub-acute toxicity assessment of Madhulai Manappagu in Wistar Albino rats. Methods The acute and sub-acute (28day repeated oral) toxicity studies were performed as per the guidelines mentioned in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 423 (adopted on December 2001) and TG 407 (adopted on October 2008) with slight modifications respectively. For acute toxicity study, three female rats were randomly selected as control; three female rats were randomly selected and were administered a single dose of 5,000 mg/kg body weight per oral route. For sub-acute (28day repeated oral) toxicity studies, three doses of test drug MM of 500 mg/kg/day (low dose), 750 mg/kg/day (intermittent dose) and 1,000 mg/kg/day (high dose) were selected for administration. Both sexes of Wistar Albino rats were randomized into four groups of 10 animals each (five males, five females). Group I was kept as control group. Group II, III and IV served as low, intermittent and high doses of MM respectively. Animals were observed for mortality, morbidity, body weight changes, feed and water intake. Haematology, clinical biochemistry, electrolytes, gross pathology, relative organ weight and histopathological examination were performed. Results In the acute toxicity study, rats showed no toxicological signs on behavior, gross pathology and body weight of rats when treated with a single dose of 5,000 mg/kg body weight per oral route. In the subacute (28 days repeated oral) toxicity study, rats have showed no significant changes on behavior, gross pathology, body weight, and hematological and biochemical parameters when treated with Madhulai Manappagu in three different doses. Conclusions The toxicity studies which include both acute and 28 days repeated (subacute) oral toxicity studies, revealed no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of Madhulai Manappagu in animals. Thus the safety of the drug in human usage was ensured.

scholarly journals Evaluation of acute oral toxicity study of essential oils (Eos) from Pogostemon benghalensis and P. cablin in Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-147
Author(s):  
DP Pradeep ◽  
K Murugan ◽  
G S Manoj
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Organ Weight ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Toxicity Studies

The use of crude herbal decoctions in the traditional treatment of diseases is a common practice.  Pogostemon benghalensis and P. cablin are commonly used for treatment of diverse categories of diseases such as infectious and non-infectious disease. Native people use the crude decoctions as bactericidal, antimalarial, anti-leshimania, anti-diarrheal and insecticidal activities. Its safety profile is not yet elucidated and therefore, this study was to analyze the acute toxicity of essential oils (Eos) from P. benghalensis and P. cablin as medicinal. Methods include acute toxicity study using male and female Wistar albino rats with single oral dose and followed up to 14 days as per the guidelines of OECD. Visual observations were carried regularly during the experimental period while body weight was measured weekly. Organ weight, clinical chemistry and hematology data were collected on the 7th and 14th days. Results were presented as mean ± standard deviation. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried. Oral administration of Eos from P. benghalensis and P. cablin revealed no treatment-related mortality in female rats up to the dose of 5000 mg/kg. In acute toxicity studies, no remarkable treatment related anomalies were observed compared to negative controls. Food consumption, body weight, organ weight, hematology did not showed sound variation between controls and treatment groups. However, creatinine, triglycerides, and monocytes were lower in the treated groups in 7th day as compared to control groups. No significant variations between male and female groups in relative organ weight, hematology were noticed. In conclusion, the Eos from P. benghalensis and P. cablin showed LD50 > 3000 mg/kg in acute toxicity studies. Keywords: Pogostemon benghalensis, P. cablin, traditional medicine, safety, plant medicine, adverse effect, acute oral toxicity

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE ACUTE AND SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY STUDIES OF BARLERIA BUXIFOLIA LINN. IN ALBINO RATS

2021 ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
MANOHAR REDDY ◽  
RAJA SUNDARARAJAN
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Acute Changes

Objective: The fundamental reason for this examination was to look at the acute and subchronic toxicity studies of chloroform and methanol extracts of Barleria buxifolia Linn. (Acanthaceae) on creature models according to the OECD rules 407 and 425, respectively. Methods: In acute oral toxicity, study a single oral dosages of 5000 mg/kg body weight of chloroform and methanol extracts was given individually to rats and watched them for 2 weeks for the discovery of acute changes and for its mortality any. During acute oral toxicity study period, no mortality was seen without any signs of intense changes. Further, it was executed the subchronic toxicity of extracts. Barleria buxifolia extracts (chloroform and methanol) were independently given every day at dosages of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight for 90 days to recognize the progressions any at subchronic poisonousness levels. Towards the finish of the experimentation the serum tests of trail creatures were gathered and watched for any progressions in haematological, biochemical and histopathological boundaries Results: All parameters of treated group were shown unaltered changes throughout the study period when compared with that of normal group. The outcomes propose that the oral organization of chloroform and methanol extracts of Barleria buxifolia did not raise any huge poisonous impacts when contrasted with that of control animals. Conclusion: Hence, the extracts may be safe for therapeutic use and as an alternative system of medicine.

scholarly journals Acute and Subacute Toxicity Studies of the Ethyl Acetate Soluble Proanthocyanidins of the Immature Inflorescence of Cocos nucifera L. in Female Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
C. P. Ekanayake ◽  
M. G. Thammitiyagodage ◽  
S. Padumadasa ◽  
B. Seneviratne ◽  
C. Padumadasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Immature Inflorescence ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Female Wistar Rats

Ayurvedic and traditional medical practitioners of Sri Lanka use the decoction of the immature inflorescence of Cocos nucifera L. (IC) variety aurantiaca for the treatment of menorrhagia. The progestogenic effect of the ethyl acetate soluble proanthocyanidins (EASPA) of the IC in female rats at a dose of 3.5 mg/kg body weight has been reported. Acute and subacute toxicity studies of EASPA of the IC carried out using female Wistar rats according to Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines 423 and 407, respectively, are reported herein. In the acute toxicity study, a single dose of EASPA (2000 mg/kg body weight) was orally administered to rats, which were monitored for 14 days. In the subacute toxicity study, rats were orally administered with EASPA daily for 28 days at doses of 1.75, 3.5, 7, and 14 mg/kg body weight. No rat in either the acute or subacute toxicity study exhibited mortality or clinical signs of toxicity. Further, these rats did not show any significant change in their mean body weight, food, and water intake, haematological and biochemical parameters as well as in the results of their histopathological examinations compared to those of control group rats. According to results of the acute toxicity, the LD50 of EASPA is estimated to be greater than 2000 mg/kg body weight. Considering the results of the subacute toxicity study, the oral administration of EASPA daily for 28 days was well tolerated up to the dose, 14 mg/kg by rats. These results will be useful in the development of a novel therapeutic agent from EASPA of the IC for the treatment of menorrhagia, which incapacitates a considerable proportion of women worldwide.

scholarly journals Acute toxicity assessment for TiO2 photocatalyst (GST) made from wastewater using TiCl4 in rat

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. e2021019
Author(s):  
Ja Kyung Seol ◽  
Myeongkyu Park ◽  
Jae Min Im ◽  
Heung Sik Seo ◽  
Hee Ju Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Weight Changes

TiO2 was a photocatalyst that used to the most common product because of the high efficiency. TiO2 (P-25, commercial nanomaterial product) is the most typical photocatalyst product and TiO2 (GST) was a sludge recycling product. This study was reported to evaluate an acute toxicity of TiO2 (P-25 and GST) according to OECD test guideline 402 and 423 in Sprague-Dawley (SD) female rats via route of oral and dermal. There was investigated the lethal dose (LD50), and mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes and gross findings were continually monitored for 14 days following the single administration. After administration, TiO2 (P-25) was calculated that LD50 was considered to be a dose of over 2000 mg/kg body weight for both different route of exposure, and TiO2 (GST) was the same. Other items were no observed an adverse effect between P-25 and GST; no mortality and clinical signs, accidental body weight loss, no gross findings. On the basis of the above results, the toxicity of the GST was almost equal to that of the commercial product, P-25 and there was no toxicological evidence.

Oral Toxicity Studies, Histopathology and Anti-Diabetic activity of Polyherbal Extract in STZ induced diabetes in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranay Wal ◽  
Nikita Saraswat ◽  
Ankita Wal ◽  
Rashmi Saxena Pal ◽  
Deepa Maurya
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Asparagus Racemosus ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Saraca Asoca ◽  
Toxicity Studies

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a disease and endocrine disorder and it's a growing health problem in various countries. The prevalence of diabetes rises worldwide including South Africa 5.4% in 2025 increases as expected. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated the diabetes mellitus problem in adults 173 million in developing counties. In this research observation of glucose levels indicated the diabetic state in Wistar rats by resulting from Streptozotocin administration and using a Metformin as a standard dose. This study demonstrated the acute oral toxicity and subacute oral toxicity of ethanolic extract of Saraca asoca leaves and Asparagus racemosus roots and showed the antidiabetic activity. Objective: To perform acute toxicity studies and sub-acute toxicity of the polyherbal ethanolic extract on the vital organ and isolated organ and record and noticed the visible changes on organs of each group of Wistar rats. Explore the hypoglycaemic action of the polyherbal extract of Saraca asoca and Asparagus racemosus. Methods: Wistar rats were divided into required groups for toxicity study first is acute oral toxicity 5,50, 300,2000 mg/kg body weight. Subacute oral toxicity studies were performed by administering a 250, 500, 1000mg/kg body weight. For demonstrating the antidiabetic activity the animals divided into 5 groups 1 normal control given saline group 2 standard dose Metformin compulsory dose groups 3 Streptozotocin-Induced diabetic 150mg/kg body weight body weight, groups 4 ethanolic extracts at a 100mg/kg groups 5 ethanolic extract 200mg/kg. On the last day of all the dosing period examined the Blood glucose levels and body weights of rat and histopathology studied were done by animal sacrifice and cut organs such as tissue pancreas, spleen, heart, lungs, liver, and kidney, placed on the slide and done a microscopic examination. Data selection has been complete by research papers from many databases such as NCBI, Web of science and Science direct and PubMed from year 1989 to 2020 by utilize research. skeywords such as “Antidiabetic”, “Saraca indica”, “Asparagus racemosus”, “ethanolic polyherbal extract”, “oral toxicity study”, “histopathology”, “Streptozotocin. Results : The polyherbal ethanolic extract of Saraca asoca and Asparagus racemosus at a dose of 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg was showed better effects against Streptozotocin-Induced diabetic 150mg/kg body weight body weight. All the extracts showed significantly (P <0.05) and it is safe and non-toxic nature by performed a toxicity study acute and subacute oral toxicity and the bodyweight are also improved, no inflammation and erosion are seen on any organs of Wistar rat by demonstrated a histopathology analysis. Conclusions: The polyherbal ethanolic extract of Saraca asoca and Asparagus racemosus showed hypoglycaemic activity against STZ-induced diabetes in experimental Wistar rats in Wistar rats. The results are shown beneficial effects of these ethanolic extract it helps in improving the changes in lipid metabolism, and protect the organs of Wistar rat liver, kidney, spleen, pancreas, lungs, heart against due to impairment of blood glucose and also in body weight. All organs were weighted and cut the tissue of organs and stained from eosin dye and changes observed by microscopy photos. no signs of inflammation and erosion.

scholarly journals Acute and Subacute Toxicity Assessment of Ethyl Acetate Extracts from Aerial Parts of Clerodendrum thomsoniae Balf.f in Rodents

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 13952-13961
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Male And Female Rats

Clerodendrum is a genus of about 500 species belongs to the family Lamiaceae. Several species of this genus have been proved for the treatment of various diseases. Clerodendrum thomsoniae Balf.f were selected in this study; according to the literature available, there is no systematic toxicity studies for this plant were described. The current study was therefore carried out to evaluate the acute and sub-acute toxicity in mice and rats. The acute oral toxicity study was performed in mice following OECD guidelines 425, and the sub-acute toxicity was performed in male and female rats following OECD guidelines 407. The results showed that mice given a single dose of up to 2000 mg/kg orally did not show any toxicity signs or mortality. In the sub-acute toxicity analysis in rats, 3 specific daily doses of 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg for 28 days did not induce any major changes to the hematological and biochemical parameters. Histopathological studies revealed normal architecture that did not indicate any morphological disturbances. In our study, no deaths or any signs of toxicity were found in acute and subacute toxicity studies after oral administration according to OECD guidelines, which concluded that ethyl acetate extract of Clerodendrum thomsoniae Balf (EACT) could use for in vivo biological activity studies in laboratory animals to explore its various medicinal activity before study in human subjects.

scholarly journals Acute and Subacute Toxic Aqueous Extract of the Leaves of Petroselinum Crispum Mill. in Male and Female Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (40) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Kablan Kassi Jean Jacques ◽  
Blahi Adelaïde Nadia, ◽  
Kouakou Koffi Roger ◽  
Diby Yao Seraphin ◽  
Siapo Yao Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Petroselinum Crispum ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Female Wistar Rats

The present study is part of a vast program of the valorization of the medicinal flora and to help the populations to make a real profit from the use of plants in order to avoid any problem of poisoning. Petroselinum crispum Mill. (Apiaceae) is a plant, whose therapeutic virtues are diverse. The toxicological aspect of the aqueous extract of Petroselinum crispum leaves in male and female rats was investigated. The acute toxicity study with the single dose of 5000 mg/Kg body weight shows that the aqueous extract from the leaves of Petroselinum crispum is not toxic orally. According to Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Guideline 423, the oral LD50 for this extract is greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight. In addition, the sub-acute toxicity study (OECD 407) showed that the aqueous extract from the leaves of Petroselinum crispum did not show any toxic effects at doses 50,100 and 200 mg/kg body weight and would have an orexigenic effect after 28 days of treatment. The different histological sections showed that the aqueous extract of Petroselinum crispum is not toxic on the vital organs and appears to be hepatoprotective.

scholarly journals Acute and Sub-chronic Toxicity Studies on Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Frankincense Tree (Boswellia dalzielii) and Leaves Extract of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus)

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
S. Salihu ◽  
C. A. Otitolaiye ◽  
M. U. Hizbullah
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Oral Acute Toxicity

Aim: Frankincense tree (Boswellia dalzielii) and Kenaf (H. cannabinus) are plants abundantly found in north-western Nigeria. These plants are very popular among the locals as potent sources of ethno medicine. The present study investigates the oral acute toxicity potentials of methanolic stem bark extract of frankincense tree and Kenaf leaves, as well as sub-chronic toxicity potentials of the plants extracts on the kidney and liver of Albino rats. Study Design: Laboratory-experimental design was used for this study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out between September 2019 and November 2019 at Biochemistry laboratory, Sokoto State University, Sokoto, Nigeria. Methodology: For the oral acute toxicity study, the revised “Up and Down” test (Limit Dose Test) was used to determine the LD50 of the extracts. For sub-chronic toxicity study, twenty albino rats were used for each plant, and were divided into four groups of five animals each. Group I (control), Group II (received 200 mg extract/kg body weight), Group III (received 400 mg extract/kg body weight) and Group IV (received 800 mg extract/kg body weight). All administrations were given orally for 28 days. Liver and kidney markers were determined using standard methods. Result: The oral acute toxicity test of the plant extracts at 3000 mg/kg body weight showed no mortality for 24 hours and subsequent 14days of administration. LD50 for both plants is therefore greater than 3000 mg/kg. The result shows no significant differences (p > 0.05) on liver and kidney function biomarkers investigated when Group II, III and IV are compared with control. Conclusion: This suggests that Frankincense stem bark and kenaf leaves extracts may be safe in rats at doses less than or equal 3000 mg/kg.

scholarly journals Hepatoprotective effect of Helicanthus elastica

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 525 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.N. Sunil Kumar ◽  
R. Rajakrishnan ◽  
J. Thomas ◽  
G. Aadinaath Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Dose Level ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Whole Plant

<p class="Abstract">Search for medicinal plants to treat liver disorders is an important research topic on herbs. Acute toxicity study is a prerequisite for safety and dose fixation for further pharmacological actions. In the present study, aqueous and 95% ethanolic extract of whole plant of <em>Helicanthus elastica</em> were subjected to acute oral toxicity. The aqueous and ethanolic extract revealed no observable changes in the rats up to the dose level of 2,000 mg /kg body weight. The extracts were then screened for paracetamol-induced hepatic injury at dose levels of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight (1/10 and 1/5 LD<sub>50 </sub>based on toxicity study). The aqueous extract of whole plant of <em>H. elastica</em> was found to produce significant (p&lt;0.05) reversal of the paracetamol-induced changes in the measured biochemical and histopathological parameters at lower dose of 200 mg/kg which was found to be better than ethanol extract at the same dose level.</p><p class="Abstract"><strong>Video Clip:</strong></p><p class="Abstract"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/cO6HI1Kikxs">Acute toxicity study and others:</a> 5 min 38 sec</p><p> </p>

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