scholarly journals Evaluation of Sensitivity, Specificity, and Cost-Effectiveness of Paper-Based Microfluidics for DNA Diagnostics of Malaria versus Nucleic Acid Test (NAT) Versus Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDT) in Resource-Limited Settings: A Protocol

2021 ◽  
pp. 160-168
Author(s):  
Usha Adiga ◽  
Tirthal Rai
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Cost Effectiveness Ratio ◽  
Dna Diagnostics ◽  
Effectiveness Analysis ◽  
Paper Based Microfluidics ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Objective: The objective of the study is to compare three techniques, routinely used rapid diagnostic tests (lateral flow immune chromatography) versus nucleic acid amplification test (NAT)  versus Paper-based microfluidics for DNA diagnostics of Malaria, in terms of their sensitivity and specificity as diagnostic tests in detecting malarial infection among febrile illnesses, suspected of malaria, as well as to compare their cost-effectiveness. Methodology: Three seventy febrile cases suspected of malaria with negative results with RDT will be screened by real-time PCR and DNA microfluidics techniques, sensitivity and specificity of these as screening tests will be compared. The number of extra positive cases detected by NAT gives us the yield. Cost-effectiveness analysis will be done by calculating the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) and average cost-effectiveness ratio (ACER) for the tests. Statistical Analysis: Statistical analysis will be done using SPSS version 21. Sensitivity, specificity, Positive predictive values will be computed. Comparison of sensitivity and specificity of NAT, a paper microfluidic technique for DNA diagnostics and RDT will be carried out using McNemar’s test. Receiver operating curves will be generated separately to assess the utility of the NAT. Conclusion: The Implications of this study from the patient's perspective would mean early diagnosis which forms the tenet of control of the disease by increasing the yield. Early diagnosis at the community level would translate into the application of efficient prevention mechanisms to spread the infection. The cost-effectiveness analysis would provide a scientific basis for the adoption of the best test for the diagnosis, given the economic feasibility of the study.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of a hypothetical hepatitis C vaccine compared to antiviral therapy

2008 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. MASSAD ◽  
F. A. B. COUTINHO ◽  
E. CHAIB ◽  
M. N. BURATTINI
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cost Effectiveness Ratio ◽  
Hcv Therapy ◽  
Effectiveness Analysis ◽  
Initial Cost ◽  
Selective Vaccination

SUMMARYWe propose a mathematical model to simulate the dynamics of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. We assumed that a hypothetical vaccine, which cost was taken to be the initial cost of the vaccine against hepatitis B exists and it is introduced in the model. We computed its cost-effectiveness compared with the anti-HCV therapy. The calculated basic reproduction number was 1·20. The model predicts that without intervention a steady state exists with an HCV prevalence of 3%, in agreement with the current epidemiological data. Starting from this steady state three interventions were simulated: indiscriminate vaccination, selective vaccination and anti-HCV therapy. Selective vaccination proved to be the strategy with the best cost-effectiveness ratio, followed by indiscriminate vaccination and anti-HCV therapy.

scholarly journals Correction to: Cost-effectiveness of rapid diagnostic tests, compared to microscopic tests, for the diagnosis and treatment of gestational malaria in Colombia from an institutional perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deisy Cristina Restrepo-Posada ◽  
Jaime Carmona-Fonseca ◽  
Jaiberth Antonio Cardona-Arias
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Institutional Perspective

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

scholarly journals Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Kloramfenikol Dan Seftriakson Untuk Pengobatan Demam Tifoid Pada Pasien Dewasa Di Rumah Sakit Sanglah Denpasar

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Amelia Lorensia ◽  
Doddy De Queljoe ◽  
Made Dwike Swari Santi
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cost Effectiveness Ratio ◽  
Hospital Perspective ◽  
Effectiveness Analysis ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Two Alternatives

The number of typhoid fever patient in Indonesia is still high. Typhoid fever can be treated by antibiotic therapy such as chloramphenicol and ceftriaxone. The purpose of this study was to compare the cost-effectiveness of chloramphenicol and ceftriaxone which was given to adult patients who were diagnosed with typhoid fever in Sanglah Denpasar Hospital. A comparative study between two alternatives was conducted using the hospital perspective. Retrospective method was used to collect data from patient medical records, who was diagnosed and hospitalized in Sanglah Denpasar Hospital during January 2017 until July 2018. The cost analysis was perform using cost-effectiveness grid and cost-effectiveness ratio (ACER) methods. Cost-effectiveness grid showed that dominant of ceftriaxone for patient with typhoid fever. ACER analysis for ceftriaxone was IDR 2,097,170.88 with effectivenes (length of stay) 4.27 days, and was IDR 2,097,170.88 with effectiveness (the time of reaching normal temperature) 2.42 days. ACER analysis for chloramphenicol was IDR 2,555,464.22        with effectivenes (length of stay) 10.22 days, and was IDR 2,555,464.22 with effectiveness (the time of reaching normal temperature) 3.44 days. ACER analysis showed lower degree of ceftriaxone and higher effectiveness based on length of stay and the time of reaching normal temperature. The conclusion of this study is that ceftriaxone is more cost-effective than chloramphenicol.

scholarly journals Sensitivity and specificity of commercially available rapid diagnostic tests for viral hepatitis B and C screening in serum samples

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. e0235036
Author(s):  
Ganbolor Jargalsaikhan ◽  
Miriam Eichner ◽  
Delgerbat Boldbaatar ◽  
Purevjargal Bat-Ulzii ◽  
Oyungerel Lkhagva-Ochir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Viral Hepatitis B

scholarly journals Atrial Fibrillation Screen, Management, and Guideline‐Recommended Therapy in the Rural Primary Care Setting: A Cross‐Sectional Study and Cost‐Effectiveness Analysis of eHealth Tools to Support All Stages of Screening

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Orchard ◽  
Jialin Li ◽  
Ben Freedman ◽  
Ruth Webster ◽  
Glenn Salkeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Incremental Cost ◽  
Oral Anticoagulant ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratio ◽  
Anticoagulant Treatment ◽  
Cost Effectiveness Ratio ◽  
Oral Anticoagulant Treatment ◽  
Effectiveness Analysis

BACKGROUND Internationally, most atrial fibrillation (AF) management guidelines recommend opportunistic screening for AF in people ≥65 years of age and oral anticoagulant treatment for those at high stroke risk (CHA₂DS₂‐VA≥2). However, gaps remain in screening and treatment. METHODS AND RESULTS General practitioners/nurses at practices in rural Australia (n=8) screened eligible patients (≥65 years of age without AF) using a smartphone ECG during practice visits. eHealth tools included electronic prompts, guideline‐based electronic decision support, and regular data reports. Clinical audit tools extracted de‐identified data. Results were compared with an earlier study in metropolitan practices (n=8) and nonrandomized control practices (n=69). Cost‐effectiveness analysis compared population‐based screening with no screening and included screening, treatment, and hospitalization costs for stroke and serious bleeding events. Patients (n=3103, 34%) were screened (mean age, 75.1±6.8 years; 47% men) and 36 (1.2%) new AF cases were confirmed (mean age, 77.0 years; 64% men; mean CHA₂DS₂‐VA, 3.2). Oral anticoagulant treatment rates for patients with CHA₂DS₂‐VA≥2 were 82% (screen detected) versus 74% (preexisting AF)( P =NS), similar to metropolitan and nonrandomized control practices. The incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio for population‐based screening was AU$16 578 per quality‐adjusted life year gained and AU$84 383 per stroke prevented compared with no screening. National implementation would prevent 147 strokes per year. Increasing the proportion screened to 75% would prevent 177 additional strokes per year. CONCLUSIONS An AF screening program in rural practices, supported by eHealth tools, screened 34% of eligible patients and was cost‐effective. Oral anticoagulant treatment rates were relatively high at baseline, trending upward during the study. Increasing the proportion screened would prevent many more strokes with minimal incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio change. eHealth tools, including data reports, may be a valuable addition to future programs. REGISTRATION URL: https://www.anzctr.org.au . Unique identifier: ACTRN12618000004268.

scholarly journals COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS OF INSULIN REGIMEN ON TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS OUTPATIENT IN DENPASAR MUNICIPALITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luh Putu Febryana Larasanty ◽  
Made Ary Sarasmita ◽  
I Gusti Ngurah Agung Dewantara Putra
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Insulin Glargine ◽  
Insulin Aspart ◽  
Insulin Detemir ◽  
Insulin Regimen ◽  
Cost Effectiveness Ratio ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Effectiveness Analysis ◽  
Aspart Insulin

Objective: Insulin is one of the antidiabetic agents that available for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Insulin has several types of formulation, with its cost and effectiveness. The aim of this study was to compare the cost-effectiveness of insulin regimen in the therapy management of T2DM outpatient.Methods: Cost-effectiveness analysis has been done by calculating the average cost-effectiveness ratio (ACER) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of each insulin regimens. Effectiveness was measured by improvement of fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, and HbA1c value. The total cost of insulin regimen was calculated from direct medical cost, direct nonmedical cost, and indirect nonmedical cost.Results: Overall, 42 patients meet the inclusion criteria were included this study. There were four insulin regimens compared, namely, insulin detemir,premixed insulin aspart, insulin aspart, and a combination of insulin aspart + insulin glargine. The combination of insulin aspart + insulin glargine provides pre-eminent therapy effectiveness (58.82%), whereas insulin detemir regimen has the lowest total cost (102.62 USD). Calculation of ACER showed that insulin aspart has the lowest ACER value, in an amount of 1.91 USD per percentage of effectiveness. Based on ICER value, insulin aspart was the better choice compared to the combination of insulin aspart + insulin glargine (0.18 USD vs. 0.82 USD).Conclusion: The variation of therapeutic effectiveness and total cost was observed in the management of T2DM outpatient. Based on ACER and ICER value, insulin aspart was the most cost-effective insulin compared to another insulin regimen on the study.

scholarly journals Sensitivity and Specificity Evaluation of Pre- and Post-Expiration of Rapid Diagnostic Tests Used in Routine Screening of Donated Whole Blood Products

2015 ◽  
Vol 144 (suppl 2) ◽  
pp. A212-A212
Author(s):  
Ron Christian Sison ◽  
Billy Joseph David ◽  
Fatima Jusay ◽  
Ma. Katrina Monica Rodriguez ◽  
Shanna Bernadette Rosero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Routine Screening ◽  
Blood Products
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document