scholarly journals Fetal Outcomes of Abnormal Placental and Birth Weight Ratio

2021 ◽  
pp. 199-204
Author(s):  
Uzma Aslam ◽  
. Raishem ◽  
Asma Kashif ◽  
Aisha Dahri ◽  
Azra Khanam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Fetal Distress ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Fetal Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Uterine Growth ◽  
Intra Uterine Growth Retardation

Objective: To find out the fetal complications of abnormal placental and birth weight ratio. Materials and methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted from January 2019 to January 2020 at department of Gyn/Obs PMCH Nawabshah. Total 110 patients who met the criteria were included in this study. After history, clinical examination and required radiological and biochemical investigations, participants were delivered and weight of placenta and bay was measured and ratio was recorded. Results were made and conclusion was drawn. Results: Age difference was also seen in participants. Maternal age ranged from 18-35 years. 65(59%) patients ranged from 18 to 25 years. 30(27%) patients were of age between 26-30 years. 16(14%) aged from 31-35 years. Regarding fetal outcomes, Intra Uterine Growth Retardation (IUGR) was found to be among 30(27.27%), IUD in 3(2.72%), fetal distress in10 (9.09%), low APGAR in 7(6.36%), respiratory distress in 6(5.45%) and Cardio Vascular Diseases in 0% patients. Conclusion: To sum up, it is concluded that in our study, the common fetal outcome due to abnormal Abnormal Placental And Birth Weight Ratio (PBWR) was intra uterine growth retardation (IUGR) followed by IUD, fetal distress and low APGAR.

PLASMA VOLUME STUDIES IN LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1020-1027
Author(s):  
George Cassady
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Uterine Growth ◽  
Degree Of Maturity ◽  
Intra Uterine Growth Retardation

An average plasma volume of 46.8 ± 7.1 ml/kg and blood volume of 87.9 ± 13.6 ml/kg was found in 69 true premature infants studied during the first 12 hours of life. Respiratory distress syndrome in these infants was not associated with an altered plasma or blood volume. However, the degree of maturity, estimated by either birth weight or gestational age, was found to be inversely related to the plasma volume. Intra-uterine growth retardation, defined on the basis of disproportionately low birth weight in relation to gestational age, was associated with an elevated average plasma volume (52.0 ± 7.8 ml/kg) during the 4 hours after birth. Despite rapid adjustment of this volume to normal between 4 and 12 hours of age, the average blood volume in this group of infants was significantly elevated (102.0 ± 18.7 ml/kg). These studies reveal direct, objective and measurable differences between growth-retarded and true premature low birth weight infants and represent an attempt toward more accurate definition and understanding of intra-uterine growth retardation.

scholarly journals Birth Weight Corrected for Gestational Age is Related to the Incidence of Down's Syndrome Pregnancies

Twin Research ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 318-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joris M. van Montfrans ◽  
Petra S.M. Bakker ◽  
Lyset T.M. Rekers-Mombarg ◽  
Mirjam M. van Weissenbruch ◽  
Cornelis B. Lambalk
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Causal Relation ◽  
Down's Syndrome ◽  
Down’S Syndrome ◽  
Primordial Follicle ◽  
Uterine Growth ◽  
Intra Uterine Growth Retardation

AbstractThree recent studies reported that early depletion of the primordial follicle pool is likely to be an independent risk factor for Down's syndrome pregnancies. The size of the primordial follicle pool at birth is determined by oogenesis and by the rate of follicle atresia during the intra uterine period. Since intra uterine growth retardation was reported to be associated with a significantly reduced primordial follicle pool at birth, we investigated the possibility of a relation between low birth weight for gestational age and the risk of a Down's syndrome pregnancy. In a case control study, 95 women with a history of a Down's syndrome pregnancy and 85 controls provided information on their own birth weight and length of gestation. Birth weight standard deviation scores, indicating the difference in birth weight from a reference group, were significantly lower in Down's syndrome mothers than in controls. These findings illustrate that the risk of a Down's syndrome pregnancy is related to a low birth weight corrected for gestational age, possibly by a causal relation between intra uterine growth retardation and the size of the primordial follicle pool

Comparison of Head Circumference and Abdominal Circumference Ratio in Normotensive and patients with Pregnancy Induced Hypertensive Disorders after 28 weeks of gestation

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1931-1934
Author(s):  
Iffat Un Nisa ◽  
Anjum Tazeen ◽  
Sabar Butt ◽  
Mehreen Fatima ◽  
Syed Amir Gilani
Keyword(s):  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Medical Problem ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Uterine Growth ◽  
Asymmetric Growth ◽  
Intra Uterine Growth Retardation

Background: Hypertensive disorders are an important medical problem of gestation. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are a significant cause for maternal and fetal morbidity as well as mortality. Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) commonly describes the condition of fetus whose size or growth is subnormal. IUGR fetus is frequently described as symmetrical and asymmetrical IUGR in term of their body proportions. Asymmetric growth retardation is typically linked to uteroplacental inadequacy. Hypertension is one of the maternal causes of placental insufficiency. Aim: To compare head circumference and abdominal circumference ratio in normotensive and patients with pregnancy induced hypertensive disorders after 28 weeks of gestation. Methodology: A cross sectional analytical study was carried on 113 pregnant females in which 57 women were normotensive and 56 women were hypertensive. All individuals were scanned by two- dimensional ultrasound following 28 weeks of pregnancy to evaluate sonographic parameters HC and AC. The HC/AC ratio was estimated by dividing head circumference with abdominal circumference. Results: Out of 57 normotensive patients 27 (36.48%) fetuses were diagnosed with IUGR having HC/AC ratio more than 1, while 30 had normal HC/AC ratio. In 56 hypertensive patients 47(63.51%) fetuses were diagnosed with IUGR having HC/AC ratio greater than 1, however 9(23.07%) fetuses had HC/AC ratio within normal range. So out of total 113 patients, 74 fetuses were found with IUGR while 39 fetuses had HC/AC ratio within normal ranges. Our study found that a cut off value of ≥ 1.0974 for HC/AC ratio could be used as diagnostic parameter in predicting IUGR. Conclusion: HC/AC ratio is a useful parameter for the detection of IUGR. Keywords: Head Circumference, Abdominal Circumference, Intra Uterine Growth Retardation

Preterm birth and intra-uterine growth retardation among children of women with schizophrenia

1999 ◽  
Vol 175 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Bennedsen ◽  
P. B. Mortensen ◽  
A. V. Olesen ◽  
T. B. Henriksen
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Uterine Growth ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Intra Uterine Growth Retardation

BackgroundThere is conflicting evidence about the frequency of adverse pregnancy outcomes among women with schizophrenia.AimsTo investigate the risk of preterm birth, low birth weight and intra-uterine growth retardation among women with schizophrenia.MethodA total of 2212 births to 1537 women with schizophrenia in Denmark were compared with a random sample of all deliveries in Denmark in 1973–1993 (122 931 births to 72 742 women)ResultsThe children of women with schizophrenia were at increased risk of preterm delivery (relative risk=1.46, 95% CI=1.19–1.79), low birth weight (relative risk=1.57, 95% 0=1.36–1.82) and small for gestational age (relative risk=1.34, 95% CI=1.17–1.53)ConclusionsWomen with schizophrenia are at increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcome. This may be associated with an increased mortality and general morbidity and risk of schizophrenia in their children.

scholarly journals Histopathological study of placentae in intrauterine growth retardation pregnancies in a tertiary care hospital and correlation with fetal birth weight

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1176-1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavita Mardi ◽  
Lalita Negi
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Uterine Growth ◽  
Fetal Birth Weight ◽  
Intra Uterine Growth Retardation

Background: Intra uterine Growth Retardation is the most significant factor of perinatal mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the histopathological changes in the placenta in association with IUGR and correlation with fetal birth weight.Materials and Methods: A total of 100 placentae were included. Twenty five normal placentae and 75 placentae were from IUGR pregnancies were included.Results: Intervillous fibrin deposition (64%), increased  syncytial knotting (64%), stromal fibrosis (65%), cytotrophoblastic hyperplasia (44%) and  basement membrane thickening (40%) were seen along with hypovascular villi and infraction were present in 32% and 28% respectively. These changes were seen less in the control group (p<0.001). Statistically significant association between the birth weight and microscopic changes (chi square=19.543, degree of freedom=4, p<0.005) was observed.Conclusion: Severity of IUGR is related to the microscopic change in the placenta. The number and severity of microscopic changes in IUGR placentas increased with decreasing fetal birth weight.

INCIDENCE OF HYPOGLYCEMIA IN NEWBORN INFANTS CLASSIFIED BY BIRTH WEIGHT AND GESTATIONAL AGE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 831-838
Author(s):  
Lula O. Lubchenco ◽  
Harry Bard
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Serum Glucose Level ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Uterine Growth ◽  
Intra Uterine Growth Retardation

The incidence of hypoglycemia was determined in newborn infants in a general obstetric service. A random sample of patients was studied from nine birth weight-gestational age groups before the first feeding at 3 to 6 hours after birth. The highest incidence of hypoglycemia, 67% (serum glucose level &lt; 30 mg/100 ml), occurred in the preterm SGA group. It was 25% in the term SGA infants and 18% in post-term SGA babies. Full term appropriately grown infants were noted to have a 10% incidence, and the preterm AGA group had a general shift toward lower prefeeding glucose levels. Infants of diabetic mothers were generally large for gestational age and delivered before term; hence, there was a 38% incidence of hypoglycemia in the preterm LGA group. When a serum glucose level of &lt; 20 mg/100 ml was used to define hypoglycemia, the incidence in the preterm SGA groups was least reduced, i.e., to 40 and 21% respectively. Except for IDM's, evidence of intra-uterine growth retardation from the physical examination and confirmed by the weight/length ratio was demonstrated in infants who became hypoglycemic. An added stress in the form of birth hypoxia was present in the majority of the infants who became hypoglycemic. The combination of reduced energy reserves in newborn infants with intra-uterine growth retardation, plus the increased utilization of carbohydrates during birth hypoxia, resulted in a high incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in the first few hours after birth.

scholarly journals Effect of pregnancy induced hypertension on pregnancy outcome: a hospital based cross sectional study at a tertiary care hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1984
Author(s):  
K. Hima Bindu ◽  
E. Rama Devi
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Uterine Growth ◽  
Intra Uterine Growth Retardation

Background: I Pregnancy induced hypertension causes intra uterine growth retardation, pre-mature delivery, intra uterine death of fetus, abruption placentae. It also causes increased morbidity and mortality among women. The objective of the present study is to observe the effect of pregnancy induced hypertension on pregnancy outcome.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out to study the effect of pregnancy induced hypertension on pregnancy outcome for a period of two years from April 2004 to March 2006 at Gandhi Medical College, Hyderabad. Results: The mean maternal age in group I was 22.9 years comparable to group II. The incidence of PIH was 10.7% among primipara compared to 9.1% among multi parous women. Mean gestational age at entry to the present study was comparable among both the groups. Mean gestational age at delivery was higher in normotensive women compared to women with PIH. The incidence of low birth weight was 70% among PIH group compared to only 16.7% in normotensive group and this difference was found to be statistically significant. The incidence of intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR) was 70% among PIH group compared to only 16.7% in normotensive group and this difference was found to be statistically significant. The incidence of pre-term delivery was 70% among PIH group compared to only 16.7% in normotensive group and this difference was found to be statistically significant.Conclusions: T Pregnancy induced hypertension was positively associated with adverse outcome. Early diagnosis and proper management can help to overcome and tackle most of the adverse outcomes.  

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