scholarly journals Putative Role of Monoaminergic Systems in Antidepressant and Anxiolytic Effects of Naringin in Mice: An Interaction Study with Receptor Antagonists

2021 ◽  
pp. 661-676
Author(s):  
G. E. Anyanwu ◽  
V. O. Atuadu ◽  
B. Ben-Azu ◽  
E. A. Esom ◽  
J. N. Nto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Receptor Interaction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Neurotransmitter Receptor ◽  
Immobility Time

Aim: Stress-related disorders like depression and anxiety represent one of the greatest therapeutic challenges globally. Although previous studies have revealed the antidepressant-like potentials of naringin, the neurotransmitter receptor interaction mechanisms of action have not been studied, hence, this study was carried out to evaluate the role of neurotransmitter-receptor antagonists in the antidepressant-like effects of naringin in mice. Method: Male Swiss mice were subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) apart from mice in the control group. The mice were then pretreated with different neurotransmitter antagonists; metergoline (4 mg /kg i.p.), a 5-HT1 - and 5-HT2 -receptor antagonist; propranolol; (0.2 mg/kg i.p.), β1,2-noradrenoceptor antagonist or haloperidol (0.2 mg/kg i.p.), D 2 -dopaminergic receptor antagonists prior to the administration of naringin or vehicle (10 mL/kg). The antidepressant-like and anxiolytic effects of naringin were evaluated 30 min later using the tail suspension test (TST), open-field test (OFT), sucrose preference test (SPT) and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests paradigms. Results: Administration of naringin following CUMS significantly decrease immobility time and locomotion activity in TST and OFT respectively, relative to control while increasing preference to sucrose in SPT, open arm entries as well as time spent in open arm in EPM, relative to control suggesting antidepressant-like property. Pretreatment with metergoline, propranolol, and haloperidol following CUMS increased immobility time in TST, locomotor activity in OFT and IOAA in the EPM. Reduced preference for sucrose in SPT, open arm entry and duration in EPM relative to control (p < 0.05), however, these effects were attenuated by naringin. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the antidepressant-like activity exhibited by naringin might be mediated via interactions with 5-HTergic, noradrenergic, and dopaminergic receptors, while the anxiolytic effect might involve interaction with both 5-HTergic and noradrenergic receptors.

Oral supplementation with geranium oil or anise oil ameliorates depressed rat-related symptoms through oils antioxidant effects

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karima A. El-Shamy ◽  
Khaled M. M. Koriem ◽  
Nevein N. Fadl ◽  
Marwa H. A. El-Azma ◽  
Mahmoud S. S. Arbid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Psychiatric Disease ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

AbstractBackgroundDepression is a psychiatric disease condition and the chronic mild stress (CMS) model is a well-known and valuable animal model of depression. Geranium oil and anise oil were chosen for such a study. The aim of this research was to establish the geranium oil and anise oil effect to ameliorate CMS-related symptoms.MethodsThis research included 80 male albino rats each group of 10 rats and the animals were divided into two major groups: normal and CMS. The normal group was subdivided into four (control, geranium oil, anise oil and venlafaxine drug) subgroups treated orally with saline, geranium oil, anise oil and venlafaxine drug, respectively, for 4 weeks. The CMS group was subdivided into four (CMS without any treatment, CMS + geranium oil, CMS + anise oil and CMS + venlafaxine drug) subgroups treated orally with geranium oil, anise oil and venlafaxine drug, respectively, for 4 weeks.ResultsThe sucrose consumption in sucrose preference test, the distance traveled test and center square entries test were decreased, while center square duration test, immobility time in tail suspension test and floating time in forced swimming test were increased in CMS. The superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase and catalase levels decreased but malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels increased in brain cerebral cortex and hippocampus areas in CMS. The oral intake of geranium oil and anise oil pushes all these parameters to approach the control levels. These results were supported by histopathological investigations of both brain cerebral cortex and hippocampus tissues.ConclusionsGeranium oil and anise oil ameliorate CMS-related symptoms and this effect were related to the antioxidant effects of oils.

Effect of (4a) a novel 5-HT3 receptor antagonist on chronic unpredictable mild stress induced depressive-like behavior in mice: an approach using behavioral tests battery

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeshwant Kurhe ◽  
Radhakrishnan Mahesh ◽  
Deepali Gupta ◽  
Devadoss Thangaraj
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Brain Homogenate ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Behavioral Alterations ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
Immobility Time

AbstractThe inconsistent therapeutic outcome necessitates designing and identifying novel therapeutic interventions for depression. Hence, the present study deals with the investigation of antidepressant-like effects of a novel 5-HTAnimals were subjected to different stressors for a period of 28 days. On day 15 after the subsequent stress procedure, mice were administered with (4a) (2 and 4 mg/kg p.o.), escitalopram (10 mg/kg p.o.), or vehicle (10 mL/kg p.o.) until day 28 along with the CUMS. Thereafter, behavioral battery tests like locomotor score, sucrose preference test, forced swim test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), and elevated plus maze (EPM) were performed. Biochemical assays like lipid peroxidation, nitrite levels, reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were estimated in the mice brain homogenate.(4a) Dose dependently attenuated the behavioral alterations by increasing the sucrose consumption, reducing the immobility time in FST and TST, increasing the open arm number of entries and time in EPM. Furthermore, biochemical alterations were reversed by (4a) as examined by reduced lipid peroxidation and nitrite levels and elevated antioxidant enzyme levels like GSH, catalase and SOD.(4a) exhibits antidepressant potential by reversing the CUMS induced behavioral and biochemical changes in mice.

scholarly journals FGF21 restores hippocampual mitochondrial dysfunction via enhancing Nrf2/HO-1 and AMPK/SirT1/PGC-1α signaling pathways to alleviate chronic unpredictable mild stress induced depressive like behaviors in mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Tao Zhao ◽  
Ling Shen ◽  
Yong-Ping Zhang ◽  
Lulu Zhang ◽  
Leigang Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress ◽  
Immobility Time

Abstract Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in the pathogenesis of depression. Ample research proves mitochondria are a promising target for depression. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) exerts roles in neuroprotection and could enhance mitochondria function. Here, the anti-depressive effect of FGF21 was evaluated on a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)- induced model of depression. The depressive-like behaviors were assessed using sucrose preference test (SPT), forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). The results showed that treatment of FGF21 significantly attenuated the decrease in SPT, and dramatically reduced the immobility time in the TST and FST. These effects were associated with enhanced hippocampal mitochondrial function, reflected by FGF21-induced increases in mitochondrial ATP concentration, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and decrease of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. At the same time, FGF21 ameliorated oxidative stress in CUMS-exposed mice by enhancing superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase activities, and reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the hippocampus. Mechanistically, we found that CUMS treatment decreased expression level of mitochondrial fusion protein 1 (MFN1), and increased expression level of mitochondrial dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1). FGF21 administration increased expression of MFN1, and reduced expression of DRP1. Meanwhile, FGF21 treatment promoted the expression levels of Nrf2, HO-1, phosphorylated AMPK, SirT1, PGC-1a in the hippocampus. This study revealed that FGF21 alleviates CUMS induced depressive like behaviors by restoring mitochondria function via enhancing Nrf2/HO-1 and AMPK/SirT1/PGC-1α signaling pathways. It suggested that FGF21 would be a potential therapeutic agent in the management of depression.

scholarly journals An experimental study to evaluate the role of aspirin and metformin in prevention of depression in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 605
Author(s):  
Alisha Abbas ◽  
Narendra Kumar ◽  
Sarvesh Singh ◽  
Rahul Kumar ◽  
Akhlaque Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Sucrose Preference ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Neurotransmitter System ◽  
Treatment Focus ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Current Therapies ◽  
Sucrose Preference Test

Background: Depression was seen to be associated with an increased level of inflammatory biomarkers along with the disturbance in the monoamine neurotransmitter system. Current therapies are mostly focussed on the neurotransmitters imbalance but due to increasing cases of treatment failure there is a need to shift our treatment focus to other potential therapies. This study aimed to evaluate the preventive role of aspirin and metformin in stress induced model of depression in wistar rats.Methods: Fifty four wistar rats were randomly divided into nine groups as normal control, experimental control, aspirin (30 mg/kg, 60 mg/kg), metformin (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg), two combination groups and imipramine (15 mg/kg). Depression model was created by the induction of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) for consecutive 28 days. Behavioural assessment was done by evaluating immobility time in forced swim test (FST) and sucrose preference ratio (SPR) in sucrose preference test. The data were analysed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) test using SPSS software. P<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results: The CUMS led to an increase in immobility time and decrease in SPR. Aspirin and Metformin alone and their combinations showed statistically significant response in preventing the immobility time to increase (p<0.001) and SPR to decrease (p<0.001). However the response of Aspirin was comparable with Imipramine but the response of Metformin was not as significant as of Imipramine (p>0.05).Conclusions: Aspirin and metformin might have a potential role in the prevention of depression.

scholarly journals Antidepressant like activity of Buspirone but not ondensetron in combination with Fluoxetine or Desipramine in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 621
Author(s):  
Veena Verma ◽  
Biswadeep Banerjee ◽  
Ashish K. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Sucrose Consumption ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Immobility Period

Background: The involvement of one or more 5-HT receptor sub-types in the pathophysiology of depression is still unclear. The study was performed to investigate the effect of ondansetron and buspirone on depression, and their interaction with fluoxetine or desipramine.Methods: The mice were administered ondansetron, buspirone alone and in combinations with fluoxetine or desipramine for 21 days, and the antidepressant effect was assessed by the immobility period and the sucrose consumption, on the tail suspension test (TST) and the chronic mild stress (CMS) models, respectively.Results: Both ondansetron and buspirone when given alone demonstrated slight non-significant decrease in the immobility time. Ondensetron when given in combination with fluoxetine (10 mg/kg; i.p.) and desipramine (15 mg/kg; i.p.), showed significant decrease in immobility time in comparison to the control group only. On the other hand, both the combinations of buspirone, either with fluoxetine or desipramine showed significant decrease in the immobility time when compared to the respective group. In CMS, the fluoxetine, desipramine, ondansetron, and buspirone showed gradual increase in the sucrose consumption, at the end of 4th, 5th, and 6th week, but the significant effect was observed only at the end of 6th week, as compared to the control. The combination of buspirone with desipramine but not with fluoxetine showed significant increase in sucrose consumption when compared to respective group.Conclusions: Therefore, the study indicates that both buspirone and ondansetron have a potential antidepressant like action, although buspirone has shown better antidepressant activity than ondansetron as observed in various combination groups.

The Effect of Fluoxetine and Ibuprofen on BCG-Induced Alteration in Pain Sensitivity in Mice

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heba H El-Morsy ◽  
Wesam El-Bakly ◽  
Amany H Hasanin ◽  
May Hamza ◽  
M Abdel-Bary
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Mechanical Allodynia ◽  
Formalin Test ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Incisional Pain

Abstract Clinical observations recognized the co-existence and interactions of pain and depression a long time, ago. The aim of this work was to study the effect of ibuprofen and fluoxetine on BCGinduced depressive-like behaviour, on formalin-induced pain, as well as on mechanical allodynia after planter incision in mice. BCG induced a depressive behaviour that was seen in the forced swim test (FST) and the tail suspension test (TST). It also induced a decrease in pain-related behaviour in the formalin test, and an increase in the baseline in mechanical allodynia test compared to the control group. Fluoxetine (80 mg/L of drinking water) showed a significant decrease in the immobility time in the FST and TST and enhanced pain related behaviour in formalin test in the BCG-inoculated group. However, it did not affect the increase in the pain threshold in the planter incision allodynia model. Adding ibuprofen to drinking water (0.2 g/L of drinking water), reversed the depressive like behaviour induced by BCG and enhanced pain-related behaviour in formalin test, in both the total pain-related behaviour and phase 2. It also prevented the increase in the base line induced by BCG. On the other hand, the incisional pain model was not affected by BCG inoculation except at the 2-hour time point, where it showed hypoalgesia, as well.

scholarly journals The Combination of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg and Aucklandia costus Falc. Volatile Oils Exerts Antidepressant Effects in a CUMS-Induced Rat Model by Regulating the HPA Axis and Levels of Neurotransmitters

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiting Li ◽  
Yuanhui Li ◽  
Xiaofei Zhang ◽  
Guilin Ren ◽  
Liangfeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Aquilaria Sinensis ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Sucrose Preference Test

The Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg (CX)–Aucklandia costus Falc. (MX) herbal pair is frequently used in traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions for treating depression. The volatile oil from CX and MX has been shown to have good pharmacological activities on the central nervous system, but its curative effect and mechanism in the treatment of depression are unclear. Therefore, the antidepressant effect of the volatile oil from CX–MX (CMVO) was studied in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rats. The suppressive effects of CMVO (25, 50, 100 μL/kg) against CUMS-induced depression-like behavior were evaluated using the forced swimming test (FST), open field test (OFT) and sucrose preference test (SPT). The results showed that CMVO exhibited an antidepressant effect, reversed the decreased sugar preference in the SPT and prolongation of immobility time in the FST induced by CUMS, increased the average speed, time to enter the central area, total moving distance, and enhanced the willingness of rats to explore the environment in the OFT. Inhalational administration of CMVO decreased levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone in serum and the expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone mRNA in the hypothalamus, which indicated regulation of over-activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. In addition, CMVO restored levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), dopamine, norepinephrine and acetylcholine in the hippocampus. The RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry results showed that CMVO up-regulated the expression of 5-HT1A mRNA. This study demonstrated the antidepressant effect of CMVO in CUMS rats, which was possibly mediated via modulation of monoamine and cholinergic neurotransmitters and regulation of the HPA axis.

Electroacupuncture Prevents the Depression-Like Behavior by Inhibiting the NF-κB/NLRP3 Inflammatory Pathway in Hippocampus of Mice Subjected to Chronic Mild Stress

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Qi Wang ◽  
Hongsheng Bi ◽  
Hongfei Huang ◽  
Yitong Wang ◽  
Lili Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Sucrose Preference ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Inflammatory Pathway ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Immobility Time

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The precise physiological mechanisms of acupuncture in the treatment of depression are still unknown. This study aimed to observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on depression-like behavior of mouse in chronic mild stress (CMS) model and explore the underlying mechanism. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The depression model was established by using CMS method for 6 weeks. After the third week of the CMS paradigm, EA treatment was performed daily for 15 min over a period of 3 weeks. The antidepressant-like effects of EA were evaluated using the sucrose preference test and the forced swimming test (FST). The protein levels of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), p-NF-κB, inhibitor of NF-κB, p-IκBα, NOD-like receptor protein 3, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in hippocampus of mice were detected. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Sucrose preference was decreased after 6 weeks of CMS and the effects of CMS was reversed by EA. CMS increased immobility time and decreased latency to the first immobility in the FST test, but these effects were reversed by EA. CMS-induced nuclear entry of NF-κB (nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio of NF-κB) with an increase in protein levels of p-NF-κB and p-IκBα in the hippocampus. The CMS also increased NLRP3 levels in the hippocampus. However, these effects were reversed by EA. In addition, the levels of IL-6, IL-1β, IL-18, and TNF-α in the hippocampus were increased by CMS, and these effects of stress were reversed by EA. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> EA prevented CMS-induced depressive-like behaviors by inhibiting NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammatory pathway.

scholarly journals Pharmacological Evaluation of Antidepressant-Like Effect of Genistein and Its Combination with Amitriptyline: An Acute and Chronic Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Gupta ◽  
Tay Jia Jia ◽  
Lim Yee Woon ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Chellappan ◽  
Mayuren Candasamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Chronic Study

The present study was designed to evaluate the acute and chronic antidepressant effect of genistein in combination with amitriptyline in mice. Animals were divided into six groups (n=6) for treatment with water, genistein, or amitriptyline, either alone or in combination for ten days. Animals were subjected to locomotor activity testing; tail suspension test (TST); and forced swim test (FST) and immobility time was recorded on day one and day ten. Acute treatment of all treatment groups did not significantly reduce the immobility time (p>0.05). Chronic treatment of combination of genistein (10 mg/kg) and amitriptyline (5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg) significantly reduced the immobility time as compared to control group (p<0.001) and was comparable to amitriptyline alone (10 mg/kg). However, no changes in anti-immobility activity in combination of subeffective doses of genistein (5 mg/kg) and amitriptyline (5 mg/kg) were observed. Genistein at its standard dose (10 mg/kg) rendered synergistic effects in combination with subeffective dose of amitriptyline (5 mg/kg) and additive effects in combination with therapeutic dose of amitriptyline (10 mg/kg).

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antidepressant Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Abies webbiana and Berberis aristata in Laboratory Animals

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 244-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sucheta Gautam ◽  
Neetu Sachan ◽  
Alankar Shrivastav ◽  
Dilipkumar Pal
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Conventional Drug ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Swimming Test

Abstract Objective: Abies webbiana and Berberis aristata is an herbal plant that has several therapeutic effects. It also heals depression, grief, nervous stress and tension. In the present study we evaluated anti-depressant effect of ethanolic extract from Abies webbiana and Berberis aristata by using Forced Swimming Test (FST) and Tail Suspension Test (TST). Methods: Two doses of ethanolic extract of Abies webbiana and berberis aristata (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) was given orally. Immobility time were measured after 30 min after the dosing and compared with control group and Flouxetine (25mg/kg) as a standard group. Results: The ethanolic extract of BA and AW (400 mg/kg) was found to be effective and it exhibited activity similar to that of the conventional drug Flouxetine (25mg/kg) (p<0.001) whereas 200 mg/kg dose showed higher activity with significantly increased swimming time and suspension time and decreased immobility time than 400 mg/kg of ethanolic extracts and Flouxetine (25mg/kg). Conclusion: These results proposed 400 mg/kg of ethanolic extract was showed higher anti-depressant activity as compared to control which is similar to the standard.

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