scholarly journals Evaluation of Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Crude Extract and Fractions of Morinda citrifolia Fruit on Multiple Drug Resistant Clinical Isolates

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Ifeanyichukwu Foster Ene ◽  
Ifeoma Bessie Enweani ◽  
Monday Uchenna Obaji ◽  
Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu
Keyword(s):  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Background: Morinda citrifolia fruits are consumed by humans in tropical areas of Africa due to their nutritional and medicinal values. Methods: The fresh fruit of M. citrifolia were harvested, washed with clean water, dried under a shade, pulverized and extracted with methanol in a Soxhlet’s extractor. The crude methanolic filtrate was subjected to phytochemical analysis and fractionation using ethyl acetate, butanol, distilled water and n-hexane. The isolates, which comprises Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Candida albicans, were collected from diarrhoiec stool of patients aged 0-5 years using standard procedure. Antibiotic susceptibility assay was carried out using disc diffusion method. The antimicrobial susceptibility test of the fruit extract and fractions was carried out using agar well diffusion method. Results: All the isolates were susceptible to the extract and the fractions with MICs range from 3.125 mg/mL to 12.5 mg/mL. S. aureus and S. typhi were resistant to more than two conventional antibiotics. Conclusion: Crude and fractions of M. citrifolia have excellent antibacterial and antifungal activities against multiple antibiotic resistant strains of S. aureus, S. typhi and C. albicans.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial and phytochemical evaluation of Datura Stramonium (Jimsonweed) on selected microorganisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-256
Author(s):  
Joy Nkeiruka Dike-Ndudim ◽  
Chiletam Nwadiuto Amadi ◽  
Chizaram Winners Ndubueze
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Dry Extract ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

The purpose of this work was to determine the antibacterial and antifungal activities of Datura stramonium on selected microorganisms, and to evaluate its phytochemical properties. The dry and wet leaves of D. stramonium were collected, extracted using ethanol and water, and assessed for antibacterial and antifungal activities at different concentrations (25mg, 12.5mg, 6.25mg, and 3.12mg) by disc diffusion method. The clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonela typhi, Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans were used. The highest zone of inhibition for bacteria was shown with ethanolic dry extract (11.3±3.4) at 25mg/ml and the lowest with aqueous dry extract (4.0±1.4) at 25mg/ml against Escherichia coli. The highest zone of inhibition for fungi was shown with ethanolic dry extract (10±1.4) at 25mg/ml against Aspergillus fumigatus and the lowest was with ethanolic wet extract (2.0±0.0) at 25mg/ml against Candida albican.The phytochemical analysis result showed the presence of tannin (1.757%), phenol (1.149%), flavonoid (6.325%), alkaloid (8.552%), phytate (2.671%), and hydrogen cyanide (4.175%). The chromatographic analysis showed the presence of over 40 elements with the highest as hydrazine (41%) and methyl hydrogen disulphide (41%). In this study, D. stramonium leaf extracts showed significant antibacterial and antifungal activities due to the presence of the phytochemical and bioactive compounds. This upholds the native utility of this plant to treat bacterial and fungal infections. Conclusively, this plant would serve as treatment alternatives for infections and basis for sources of antimicrobial agent.

Synthesis of a Series of Novel 2-Amino-5-Substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole and 1,3,4-thiadiazole Derivatives as Potential Anticancer, Antifungal and Antibacterial Agents

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Em Canh Pham ◽  
Tuyen Ngoc Truong ◽  
Nguyen Hanh Dong ◽  
Duy Duc Vo ◽  
Tuoi Thi Hong Do
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Molecular Docking Study ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Thiadiazole Derivatives ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Background: Many compounds containing a five-membered heterocyclic ring display exceptional chemical properties and versatile biological activities. Objective: The objective of the present study was the desire to prepare the 5-substituted 2-amino-1,3,4-oxadiazole and 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives and evaluate their potential anticancer, antibacterial and antifungal activities. Methods: Twenty-seven derivatives were synthesized by iodine-mediated cyclization of semicarbazones or thiosemicarbazones obtained from condensation of semicarbazide or thiosemicarbazide and aldehydes. The structures were confirmed by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and MS spectra. The antibacterial and antifungal activities were evaluated by diffusion method and the anticancer activities were evaluated by MTT assay. Results: Twenty-seven derivatives have been synthesized in moderate to good yields. A number of derivatives exhibited potential antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer activities. Conclusion: Compounds (1b, 1e and 1g) showed antibacterial activity against Streptococcus faecalis, MSSA and MRSA with MIC ranging between 4 to 64 µg/mL. Compound (2g) showed antifungal activity against Candida albicans (8 µg/mL) and Aspergillus niger (64 µg/mL). Compound (1o) exhibited high cytotoxic activity against HepG2 cell line (IC50 value 8.6 µM), which is comparable to the activity of paclitaxel, and is non-toxic on LLC-PK1 normal cell line. The structure activity relationship and molecular docking study of the synthesized compounds are also reported.

scholarly journals Studies on Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities and Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations of Mixed Ligand Transition Metal Complexes of Dibasic Acids as Primary and Heterocyclic Bases as Secondary Ligands

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Akbor ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
N Akhter ◽  
S Ahmed ◽  
S Siraj
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Transition Metal ◽  
Metal Complexes ◽  
Transition Metal Complexes ◽  
Mixed Ligand ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Mixed ligand (diphenic/ adipic as primary Ligand and quinoline / 8 - hydroxyquinoline as secondary) transition metal complexes of Cobalt (II), Cupper (II), Rhodium (III) and Platinum (IV) ions were synthesized and characterized. Their antibacterial activities against ten bacteria had been evaluated by the disc diffusion method,whilst their antifungal activities against two fungi had been also evaluated by the same method. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) had been evaluated against six bacteria. The MIC of the complexes against Shigella dysenteriae, Samonella typhi, Streptococcus-β-haemolyticus and Bacillus megaterium were 32 μg/ml; whilst Escherichia coli and Samonella typhi-A the MIC of Co (II) and Pt (IV) were 32μg/ml and those of Cu(II) and Rh(III) complexes were 64 μg/ml. It was found that Cobalt (II), Cupper (II) & Rhodium (III) complexes had pronounced antibacterial and antifungal activities. Platinum (IV) complex had moderate antibacterial and antifungal activity. These values indicate that these are active compounds. Key words: Mixed Ligand; Transition metal; Antimicrobial Activity; Antifungal Activity Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i3.9044 BJSIR 2011; 46(3): 365-368

scholarly journals In VitroPhytochemical, Antibacterial, and Antifungal Activities of Leaf, Stem, and Root Extracts ofAdiantum capillus veneris

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Saqib Ishaq ◽  
Muhammad Medrar Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Siddique Afridi ◽  
Ghadir Ali ◽  
Mahrukh Khattak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Adiantum Capillus Veneris ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Adiantum capillus venerisis a medicinally essential plant used for the treatment of diverse infectious diseases. The study of phytochemical and antimicrobial activities of the plant extracts against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria and medically important fungi is of immense significance. Extracts from the leaves, stems, and roots ofAdiantum capillus veneriswere extracted with water, methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane and screened for their antimicrobial activity against ten MDR bacterial strains and five fungal strains isolated from clinical and water samples. Ash, moisture, and extractive values were determined according to standard protocols. FTIR (Fourier transform infrared Spectroscopy) studies were performed on different phytochemicals isolated from the extracts ofAdiantum capillus Veneris. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, steroids, and reducing sugars. Water, methanol, and ethanol extracts of leaves, stems, and roots showed significant antibacterial and antifungal activities against most of the MDR bacterial and fungal strains. This study concluded that extracts ofAdiantum capillus venerishave valuable phytochemicals and significant activities against most of the MDR bacterial strains and medically important fungal strains.

scholarly journals Investigation of Bulb Extracts of Crinum jagus for Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
T.T. Alawode ◽  
L. Lajide ◽  
B.J. Owolabi ◽  
M.T. Olaleye
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Agar Diffusion ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Successive Extraction ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

This study investigates the bulb extracts of Crinum jagus for antimicrobial activities. The bulb samples were dried, ground and subjected to successive extraction using hexane, ethylacetate and methanol. The extracts were screened for activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Klebisidlae pneumonae, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium notatum and Rhizopus stolonifer at concentrations between 6.25 and 200 mg/ml. Antimicrobial assays werecarried out using agar diffusion method. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the extracts was determined. The percentage yields obtained for the hexane, ethylacetate and methanol extracts of the bulbs are 0.28 %, 0.44% and 24.68 % respectively. Results showed that the methanolic extract had better antibacterial and antifungal activities than the other extracts. The methanol extract showed the highest antibacterial activity against S. aureus with a zone of inhibition of 28 mm at 200 mg/ml. Also, the methanol extract showed the highest antifungal activities against C. albicans, A. niger and P. notatum with a zone of inhibition of 20 mm at 200 mg/ml. The hexane and ethylacetate extracts had no activity against the microorganisms at 6.25 mg/ml.The methanol extract had the lowest Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 2.50 mg/ml against S. aureus, E. coli, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa and S. typhi. The methanol extract could be a source of potent antimicrobial compounds. Keywords: Antibacterial, Antifungal, Crinum jagus, Agar diffusion, MIC

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Sida cordifolia Leaf Extract

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhanapal Venkatachalam ◽  
Samuel Thavamani ◽  
Aneesh C. Sebastian ◽  
V. B. Anju ◽  
Christy Mathew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Sida Cordifolia ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate in-vitro efficacy of antibacterial, and antifungal activities of chloroform extract of leaf of Sida cordifolia L. against some human pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains. S. cordifolia (Malvaceae) is used as anti-rheumatic, analgesic, antipyretic, anti-asthmatic, nasal decongestant, antiviral, laxative, diuretic, aphrodisiac, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective and in the treatment of Parkinson disease. Methodology: Chloroform extract of S.cordifolia was used for antimicrobial screening. Antibacterial activity was tested against pathogenic bacterial strains Eschericha coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Also antifungal activity was tested against one human pathogenic fungal strain i.e. Candida albicans. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of S. cordifolia extract was carried out by using disc diffusion method. Results: Chloroform extract of S. cordifolia showed the largest zone of inhibition (10mm) against S. aureus at 50µgm/mL and no zone of inhibition against E.coli at 50µgm/ml. Chloroform extract has shown more potent antibacterial activity against S.aureus. Chloroform extract was found to be more effective against human pathogenic fungus C. albicuns. The zone of inhibition of chloroform extract was 10mm.The phytochemical screening demonstrated the presence of different types of compounds like alkaloids, tannins and phenolic compounds which may contribute for the anti-microbial action of this plant.  Conclusions: The results concludes that chloroform extract of S. cordifolia leaf possess antimicrobial activity.

scholarly journals Antibacterial and Antifungal Evaluation of Chloroflavones

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
M. A. Rahim ◽  
M. M. H. Bhuiyan ◽  
M. M. Matin ◽  
M. R. Alam
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Aspergillus Ochraceus ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Filter Paper Disc ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Two chloroflavones, 6 and 7 along with their corresponding chalcones, 4 and 5 have been tested for antibacterial and antifungal activities against six human pathogenic bacteria viz. Bacillus cereus (G+), Staphylococcus aureus (G+), Escherichia coli (G-), Vibrio choloriae (G-), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (G-), and Salmonella typhi (G-), and four plant as well as mold fungi viz. Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus spp.. The antibacterial and antifungal screens of the synthesized compounds were performed in vitro by the filter paper disc diffusion method and the poisoned food technique, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of these synthesized compounds in comparison to ampicillin were also determined by broth micro-dilution method. Some of them were found to possess significant activity, when compared to standard drugs.

An Invitro Study: Antioxidant, Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activities of Achranthes aspera

2021 ◽  
pp. 268-277
Author(s):  
Masiraben Vahora ◽  
Falaknaaz Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Medicaments, plants and plant-based are the basis of many of the modern pharmaceuticals we use today for our various purposes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant, phytochemical and antibacterial and antifungal activities of the Achyranthes aspera plant extract in different organic solvents. The radical scavenging activity of the different extracts of root, stem, leaf, and seed were evaluated by DPPH assay and the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and antifungal activity against Fusarium sp. and Aspergillus niger was studied by Agar well cut diffusion method. All of the extracts exhibited different antioxidant and antibacterial activities and the activities varied from solvent to solvent, and the activities are concentrated. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were compared with the positive control Ascorbic acid and Cefuroxime. A qualitative phytochemical analysis was carried out and found to possess bioactive compounds like alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, tannins.

scholarly journals Chemical investigation and microbial activity of Tinospora cordifolia miers

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 153-160
Author(s):  
AH Molla ◽  
MG Zakaria ◽  
MTH Molla ◽  
MT Alam ◽  
MS Ahsan
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Chemical Investigation ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Context: Plants have been used in treating human diseases for thousands of years. Medicinal plant drug discovery continues to provide new and important leads against various pharmacological targets including cancer, malaria, HIV/AIDS, Alzheimer's, and pain. Objectives: The chemical investigation, antimicrobial activity and toxicity of the active principles isolated from the plant. Materials and Methods: The rectified spirit extract of the fresh stem of the plant Tinospora cordifolia was fractionated using standard chromatographic techniques to afford several fractions. The fraction TC-1 was purified by crystallization and screened. FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectral analyses were performed to characterize the compound. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of TC-1 were observed by “Disc diffusion method” against a number of pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Standard antibiotics “Kanamycin” (30?g/disc) and “Fluconasol” (500 ?g/disc) were used respectively for comparison. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the compound TC-1 was carried out by the “Serial Dilution Technique”. The compound also showed significant activity against the brine shrimp nauplii. Results: The compound TC-1 showed promising antibacterial and antifungal activities against all tested organisms.The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of TC-1 against Bacillus megaterium and Salmonella typhi-A was found to be 128?g/ml in nutrient broth medium. The value of medium lethal concentration, LC50 (9.34 ?g/ml) indicated the high toxic effect of the compound TC-1. Conclusion: It may be concluded that the compound TC-1 is an alkaloid having significant activities. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v20i0.17737 J. bio-sci.  20:  153-160, 2012

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