scholarly journals Histopathological Effect of Emzolyn Codein Cough Syrup on Lungs and Its Oxidative Stress Biomarkers

2021 ◽  
pp. 228-240
Author(s):  
Nnaemeka Okorie ◽  
Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu ◽  
Adaobi Doris Nnamani ◽  
Ugomma Agwu Ude ◽  
Uchechukwu Nelson Agada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Supportive Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cough Syrup ◽  
Acute And Chronic Exposure

Despite the dangers associated with the increased use of codeine drugs, limited researches have addressed the specific effects of emzolyn codeine on the lung. The aim of this study was to assess the histological effects of emzolyn codeine cough syrup on the lung of Wistar rats and its oxidative stress. Twenty one (21) Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups labeled T1, T2 and T3. Group T1 served as control and was given distilled water and diet for 42 days, group T2 was treated with 0.1 mg/g bodyweight emzolyn codeine cough syrup for 21 days while group T3 was treated with 0.1 mg/g bodyweight emzolyn codeine cough syrup for 42 days. At the end of the duration, the wistar rats were sacrificed under anaesthesia and the lungs were collected after dissection and transferred into 10% buffered formalin. Sections of the lungs were obtained and processed for histological studies using Hematoxylin and Eosin stain, Periodic acid Schiff’s solution, Phosphotungstic acid Haematoxylin stain and Methanamine Silver stains. Results from the study suggested that acute and chronic exposure to emzolyn codeine cough syrup produced significant (P<0.05) decrease in body weight, edematous  aveolar space with marked type 11 pneumocyte, marked hypertrophy (H) of the septa and marked inflammatory cells. The levels of total antioxidant status (TAS) was also determined using standard spectrophotometric techniques. The mean MDA of the exposed groups were significantly higher while the mean levels of SOD, GPx, CAT, and GSH were significantly lower than the control group. In conclusion, this study confirmed the risk of increased oxidative stress, pulmonary toxicity and decreased body weight due to emzolyn codeine cough syrup administration. Thus, indiscriminately and prolong use emzolyn codeine drug should be avoided and antioxidant supplements are advised as a prophylactic supportive therapy for adequate measures in preventing development of oxidative stress-associated complications among exposed individuals.

scholarly journals Phlebotrophic Effect of Graptophyllum Pictum (L.) Griff on Experimental Wistar Hemorrhoids

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mario Sadar Bernitho Hutagalung
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Anal Verge ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Random Allocation ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean

Background : The 1st and 2nd degree hemorrhoids is managed non-operatively with the anti-inflammatory and plebothropic drugs. Graptophyllum pictum extract (GPE) has already been used widely in Indonesia to treat hemorrhoid with good result, however, the mechanism is not supported by the molecular research.Objective : This study is intended to study the phlebothropic effects of GPE by measuring the degree of edema and extravassal leucocytes of experimental wistar hemorrhoid.Methods : Experimental study with Randomized Controlled Trial Post-test only design in male wistar rats, weight around 200 gr, induced for the development of a disease-like condition of hemorrhoids by 6% croton oil on the anus for 3 days. Random allocation was performed to divide the 14 wistar rats in 2 groups. Group I as control got normal saline solution, while group II was treated with GPE 100mg/kgbw, started on day 4th for 5 consecutive days. On 9th day blood was extracted from retroorbital fossa and anus was resected up to 2 cm from anal verge and weighted. The degree of anal edema was measured by rectoanal coefficient, that is rasio between anal weight (miligrams) and body weight (grams).Results : Until the end of study, all wistar rat were still alive. The mean (±SD) of body weight   of control group was 173.84 ­(±13.37) and the treatment group was 171.70  (±13.10), and there was no significant differences (p = 0.833). The mean (±SD) of rectoanal coefficient in the treatment group was 2.46 (±0.41) and it was significantly lower than control group  (3.13 ± 0.85) (p = 0.029). The mean (±SD) of extravassal leukocytes in the treatment group was 900.14(±48.09) and it was significantly lower than the control (1003.28 ± 99.30) (p = 0.042).Conclusions : Graptophyllum pictum extract at doses of 100 mg/Kgbw have phlebotonic effect  in decreased edema and extravassal leukocytes.

scholarly journals Phenolic Acids (Gallic and Tannic Acids) Modulate Antioxidant Status and Cisplatin Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seun F. Akomolafe ◽  
Ayodele J. Akinyemi ◽  
Scholarstical O. Anadozie
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers

Cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) or CDDP), used in the treatment of many solid-tissue cancers, has its chief side-effect in nephrotoxicity. Hence, this study sought to investigate and compare the protective effect of gallic acid (GA) and tannic acid (TA) against cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity in rats. The rats were given a prophylactic treatment of GA and TA orally at a dose of 20 and 40 mg/kg body weight for 7 consecutive days before the administration of a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of cisplatin (CP) at 7.5 mg/kg bwt. The protective effects of both GA and TA on CP induced nephrotoxicity were investigated by assaying renal function, oxidative stress biomarkers, and histopathological examination of kidney architecture. A single dose of cisplatin (7.5 mg/kg bwt) injected i.p. caused a significant increase in some biomarkers of renal function (creatinine, uric acid, and urea levels), with a marked elevation in malondialdehyde (MDA) content accompanied by a significant (P<0.05) decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) content (103.27%) of kidney tissue as compared to control group. Furthermore, a significant (P<0.05) reduction in kidney antioxidant enzymes (SOD, catalase, GPx, and GST) activity was observed. However, pretreatment with oral administration of tannic acid and gallic acid at a dose of 20 and 40 mg/kg body weight, respectively, for 7 days prior to cisplatin administration reduced histological renal damage and suppressed the generation of ROS, lipid peroxidation, and oxidative stress in kidney tissues. These results indicate that both gallic and tannic acids could serve as a preventive strategy against cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity.

Serum lipoprotein profile and oxidative stress biomarkers in Wistar rats fed drinking water containing iron and copper

Biologia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Tinkov ◽  
Alexandr Nikonorov
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Protein Oxidation ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Free Radical Oxidation ◽  
Serum Lipoprotein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

AbstractThe aim of the research was to estimate the effect of different doses and combinations of iron and copper consumption with drinking water on lipid profile and oxidative stress biomarkers in albino Wistar rats serum. Rats were given drinking water containing 3 mg L−1 and 6 mg L−1 iron; copper 4.88 and 9.76 mg L−1; a mixture of 3 mg L−1 iron and 4.88 mg L−1 copper. Control group obtained pure drinking water. Total cholesterol, lipoprotein spectrum and markers of lipid and protein oxidation were analyzed. It has been seen that administration of iron in concentration of 6 mg L−1 induces lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, while copper given in the maximal doses leads only to protein oxidation. Free radical oxidation in rats obtaining combination of iron and copper with drinking water was more expressed than in case of administration of single metals in the same doses. Consumption of maximal doses of isolated metals leads to more expressed atherogenic changes, while combination of both metals in lower doses did not affect serum lipoprotein significantly. The data obtained show that chemical interaction of iron and copper in the organism has an additive effect on some vital parameters in comparison to isolated metal administration.

scholarly journals In vivo antioxidant activity of Ethanolic extract from root of Smilax zeylanica on Aluminium Chloride Induced oxidative stress in Wistar rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6-s) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
B. Sabari Senthil ◽  
V.K. Kalaichelvan ◽  
A. Kottai Muthu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Control Group

Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate the Evaluation of In vivo antioxidant activity of Ethanolic extract of root of Smilax zeylanica(EESZ) on Aluminium Chloride Induced apoptosis suppressing oxidative stress  in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: The ethanolic extract from the roots of S. china by hot continuous percolation method. The rats were divided into 5 groups and each group consists of 6 animals. Rats were treated with EESC for 150 and 300 mg/ kg of body weight and piracetam, 0.5 mg/ kg of body weight for 14 successive days after inducing oxidative stress  with aluminium chloride (100 mg/ kg of body weight) for 60 days. The lipid peroxidation level (TBARS) and antioxidant activities like Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and reduced Glutathione (GSH) were estimated in rats. Results: AlCl3 induced rats showed increased the TBARS and decreased the antioxidant enzymes like Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and reduced Glutathione (GSH) when compared with the control group. The EESZ at higher dose 300 mg/ kg of body weight animals were significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the TBARS and increased the anti oxidant enzymes Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and reduced Glutathione (GSH) when compared with the AlCl3 treated group Conclusion: Findings of the present study revealed that Ethanolic extract from roots of Smilax zeylanica  may be used as a significant source of natural antioxidant, which might be helpful in preventing the progress of various oxidative stresses.                    Keywords: S. zeylanica, antioxidant, ethanolic extract, TBARS, rats.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Patients with Henoch-Schönlein Purpura

Folia Medica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 928-931
Author(s):  
Kadir Soylemez ◽  
Fatih Temiz ◽  
Tahir Dalkiran ◽  
Yasar Kandur ◽  
Ergul Belge Kurutas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Systemic Involvement ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Henoch-Sch&ouml;nlein Purpura (HSP) is a systemic vasculitic syndrome characterized by non-thrombocytopenic purpura, arthritis/arthralgia, abdominal pain, and glomerulonephritis. The pathogenesis of HSP has not been clearly identified. Oxidative damage has a role in the pathogenesis of most cases. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate changes of oxidative stress by studying parameters like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in an attempt to identify the role of oxidative stress in HSP from another perspective. Materials and methods: This study enrolled 23 pediatric patients (ten girls and thirteen boys) diagnosed with HSP who were under follow-up at Sutcu Imam University School of Medicine Department of Pediatrics between 2014 and 2016 and twenty healthy children as the control group. The parents of all subjects gave informed consent to participate in the study. In the HSP group, the beginning season of the illness and the systemic involvement during follow-up were determined. Blood specimens were obtained at presentation before any treatment was started. SOD, CAT activities, and MDA values in erythrocyte and plasma samples were compared between the patient group and the healthy children. Results: Twenty-three patients with HSP (13 males, 10 females) and 20 healthy children participated in this study. The mean age of the HSP cases was 8.21&plusmn;3.78 years (range 2-16 years) and of the controls was 8.6&plusmn;4.2 (range 3-14 years). The mean MDA value was 2.95&plusmn;0.71 nmol/ml in the patient group and 2.67&plusmn;0.66 nmol/ml in the control group (p=0.787). The mean level of the CAT enzyme was 1.32&plusmn;0.35 U/g Hb in the patient group and 7.8&plusmn;1.74 U/g Hb in the control group (p=0.001). The mean levels of the SOD enzyme were 3.06&plusmn;0.85 U/g Hb in the patient group and 0.97&plusmn;0.36 U/g Hb in the control group (p=0.001). Conclusions: Although high MDA levels support the role of lipid peroxidation in the pathogenesis of HSP, statistical significance was not reached owing to a limited number of our patients. The reduced CAT enzyme activity is consistent with the findings of previous reports. This finding supports the notion that oxidative stress can play a role in the pathogenesis of HSP. Keypoints: Our findings support the notion that oxidative stress can play a role in the pathogenesis of HSP.

scholarly journals RESVERATROL ATTENUATES OXIDATIVE STRESS IN CHEMOTHERAPY INDUCED ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY: AN EXPERIMENTAL RAT MODEL

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Urea ◽  
Urea Level ◽  
Renal Histology ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the anti-oxidative and anti-nephrotoxic effects of Resveratrol in cisplatin induced nephrotoxic albino Wistar rats. METHODS: This quasi-experimental study was performed at Isra University, Hyderabad, Pakistan. Thirty male albino Wistar rats were divided into three groups: group-A (control), group-B (cisplatin) and group-C (cisplatin+Resveratrol). Biochemical [serum urea, creatinine and glutathione peroxidase (GPX)] and renal histomorphology was performed in all groups after 21 days of treatment. RESULTS: Difference in mean pre- and post-experimental body weight was observed in all three groups. Mean body weight decreased from 241.7±8.5 gm to 196.50±9.34 gm and from 237±7.4 gm to 207.2±6.56 gm in group-B and group-C respectively. In group-A; mean serum urea was 22.7±2.66 mg/dl, serum creatinine was 0.45±0.05 mg/dl and serum GPX was 1.44±0.13 ηg/ml. In group-B; mean serum urea level was 51±3.65 mg/dl, mean serum creatinine was 0.78±0.05 mg/dl and serum GPX was 0.85±0.11 ηg/ml. In group-C, mean serum urea level was 32.8±1.45 mg/dl, serum creatinine level was 0.41±0.09 mg/dl and serum GPX was 1.53±0.08 ηg/ml. In group-A, renal structure was intact, marked changes were observed in renal histology of group-B while group-C displayed less glomerular damage. The mean distance between visceral and parietal layers of Bowman’s capsule was 69.34±0.87 µm in group-A, 216.5±1.32 µm in group-B while 102.22±1.65 µm in group-C. Areas of peritubular fibrosis and congestion were observed in groups B and C but less prominent in group-C compared with group-B. CONCLUSION: Resveratrol therapy is a potent anti-nephrotoxic regime showing promising results in chemotherapy induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress.

Study of the Plasmatic Oxidative Stress Markers in Temporomandibular Joint Disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1367-1370
Author(s):  
Andrea Maria Chisnoiu ◽  
Annamaria Pallag ◽  
Florian Dorel Bodog ◽  
Raluca Iulia Juncar ◽  
Radu Marcel Chisnoiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Emotional Stress ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Mature Female ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint Disorders ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Biomechanical Stress

Oxidative stress is considered to have an important role in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases. This investigation sought to determine whether the appliance of etiologic factors for temporomandibular joint disorder is associated with modified values of oxidative stress as measured by biomarkers in plasma. A case-control study design was used to compare oxidative stress biomarkers (malondialdehyde and glutathione) in plasma from Wistar rats with different etiologic factors (biomechanical stress, estrogen hormones and emotional stress), compared to non-temporomandibular joint controls. Etiologic factors were applied in five groups (n=10) of mature female Wistar rats, individually (biomechanical stress, estrogen hormones and emotional stress) in three groups or in combination for two groups (biomechanical stress-emotional stress and biomechanical stress-emotional stress). No factor applied for the control group. Blood samples were taken after 30 and 60 days of experiment. Malondialdehyde and glutathione levels in plasma were evaluated. The most important modifications in malondialdehyde levels were recorded for the fifth group (biomechanical stress-emotional stress) where values increased significantly from 30 to 60 days plasma analysis (p = 0.003). No statistical differences were recorded in glutathione plasmatic levels between control and experimental groups at 30 days analysis. At 60 days, glutathione plasmatic evaluation recorded higher values than control for all experimental groups. Our findings in this rat experimental model, clearly indicate that biomechanical stress, estrogen hormones and emotional stress, have an impact on oxidative stress development and consequently on the functionality of the temporomandibular joint in rats. Moreover combined actions of these factors, increase the oxidative stress phenomena on temporomandibular joint in rats.

scholarly journals Administration of ethanol extract of Bajakah tampala (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk) stem decreased reactive oxygen species, visceral fat and body weight of obese rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Vany Novanty ◽  
Wimpie Pangkahila ◽  
Ni Nyoman Ayu Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Obese Rats ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Stem Extract ◽  
Obese Male

Background: Oxidative stress plays a role in the obesity mechanism, thus leads to premature aging. High antioxidant capacity in Bajakah tampala stem may effectively lessen oxidative stress and reduce fat mass and body weight accordingly. This study aimed to provide Bajakah tampala stem extract's effect in lowering ROS level, visceral fat weight, and overall weight of obese male Wistar rats. Method: A true experimental design was conducted on male Wistar rats aged 2-3 months with obesity. Thirty-two obese rats were evenly divided into a placebo group and a group given Bajakah tampala stem extract, with 16 rats in each group. For 28 days, both groups were fed a high-fat diet. The subject body weights were weighed every week. ROS levels and visceral fat weight were evaluated after the intervention was done. Comparative analysis between groups was performed. Results: The results showed mean levels of ROS (56.2 ± 7.4 U/ml vs. 400.9 ± 50.7 U/ml; p < 0.001), visceral fat weight (2.6 ± 0.2 g vs. 3.4 ± 0.9 g; p < 0.001), and the final body weight (241.5 ± 2.8 g vs. 261.5 ± 13.8 g; p < 0.001) were significantly lower in the study group than the control group. Conclusion: The study indicates Bajakah tampala stem extract administration effectively reduced ROS levels, visceral fat weight, and body weight in obese male Wistar rats.

Effect of High Plane of Nutrition on Blood Biochemical Profile and Onset of Puberty in Prepubertal HF X Kankrej Crossbred Heifers

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
K K Hadiya ◽  
A J Dhami ◽  
D V Chaudhari ◽  
P M Lunagariya
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
The Body ◽  
Monthly Interval ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Lower Protein ◽  
The Mean

This study was initiated on 24 prepubertal Holstein x Kankrej crossbred heifers of nearly identical age (7-9 months) and body weight (130-140 kg) at University farm to evaluate the effect of high plane of nutrition on blood biochemical and minerals profile and the age at puberty. Twelve heifers were managed under routine farm feeding (control) and the rest 12 under ideal optimum feeding regime (treatment) that included extra 1 kg concentrate, 30 g min mix and ad-lib dry fodder. The body weight and ovarian ultrasonography together with blood sampling was carried out at monthly interval from 10 to 18 months of age to study the ovarian dynamics and blood biochemical changes. High plane of nutrition to growing heifers was beneficial in reducing the age of onset of puberty (by 2-3 months) compared to routine farm fed group. The mean plasma total protein and cholesterol concentrations showed a rising trend with significant variations from 10 to 16 months of age, where it got mostly stabilized indicating adult profile. The activity of enzymes GOT and GPT also rose gradually and significantly from 10 months till 14-15 months of age, and thereafter it remained more or less static till 18 months of age. The levels of both these enzymes were higher, with lower protein and cholesterol, in control than the treatment group from 15-16 months of age onwards. The mean plasma levels of both calcium and phosphorus increased gradually and significantly with advancing age till 16-17 months of age, with little higher values in supplemented than a control group. The plasma levels of zinc, iron, copper, and cobalt also showed rising trend with significant differences between 10th and 12th-14th months of age, and from 15th to 18th months of age the levels were statistically the same in all the groups with slightly higher values in the treatment group.

Effect of Opuntia dejecta (Salm-Dyck) flowers in liver of fructose-fed rats: Biochemicals, enzymatic and histological studies

2021 ◽  
pp. 096032712110134
Author(s):  
O Zouaoui ◽  
K Adouni ◽  
A Jelled ◽  
A Thouri ◽  
A Ben Chrifa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Diabetes Type 2 ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
High Fructose ◽  
Group A ◽  
Histological Architecture

Phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of flowers decoction at post-flowering stage (F3D) of Opuntia dejecta were determined. The obtained findings demonstrate that F3D has a marked antioxidant activity in all tested assays. Furthermore, the present study was designed to test the protective activity of F3D against induced Diabetes type 2 (DT2) in male rats. Those metabolic syndromes were induced by a high-fructose diet (HFD) (10% fructose solution) for a period of 20 weeks. F3D was administered orally (100 and 300 mg/kg body weight) daily for the last 4 weeks. Metformin (150 mg/kg body weight) was used as a standard drug and administrated orally for the last 4 weeks. The results showed a significant increase in blood glucose, triglycerides and hepatic markers (ALAT, ASAT and ALK-P) in HFD group. A significant increase in hepatic TBARS and a significant decrease in SOD, CAT and GPX were observed in fructose fed rats compared to control group. Administration of F3D showed a protective effect in biochemical and oxidative stress parameters measured in this study. Also, oral administration of F3D restored the histological architecture of rat liver in comparison with rats fed HFD. In conclusion, F3D attenuated hepatic oxidative stress in fructose-fed rats.

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