scholarly journals An Overview on Pressure Ulcers: Prevention and Management

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Nasib Kasem Al Shibli ◽  
Bader Menwer N. Albilasi ◽  
Talal Tuwayjir Y. Alruwaili ◽  
Dalal Ali D. Alazmi ◽  
Yazeed Mayah D. Alazmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Ulcer ◽  
Pressure Ulcers ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Major Complication ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Tissue Ischemia ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Support Surfaces

Pressure ulcers are significant and painful side effects that might indicate a lack of care. The formation of a pressure ulcer is a major complication of reduced mobility. And since over 65-year-olds are the fastest-growing sector of the population in many developed countries, it imposes the risk of increasing disease incidences. There are also higher rates of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, which also increase the risk. There are many causes that can contribute to the formation of pressure ulcers; tissue ischemia is the most prevalent route to ulceration. Pressure ulcer prevention generally begins with an examination to determine who is most vulnerable to pressure ulcers, such as the elderly, the immobile, or individuals with a spinal cord injury. Wound dressings, debridement, physical therapy, antibiotics, and antimicrobials are all possible therapeutic options for pressure ulcers. Interventions such as mobilization, positioning, and repositioning, as well as support surfaces, are utilized in conjunction with other wound care methods. In this review we’ll be looking at prevention and management of pressure ulcers.

scholarly journals Prevention and treatment of pressure sore following spinal cord injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 623-632
Author(s):  
Myeong Ok Kim
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Pressure Ulcer ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Pressure Sore ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Advisory Panel ◽  
Pressure Sores ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Pressure Injury

Pressure sores or pressure injury is a serious complication of a spinal cord injury (SCI), representing a challenging problem for patients, their caregivers, and their physicians. Persons with SCI are vulnerable to pressure sores throughout their life. Pressure sores can potentially interfere with the physical, psychosocial, and overall quality of life. Outcomes directly depend on education and prevention along with conservative and surgical management. Therefore, it is very important to understand everything about pressure sores following SCI. This review covers epidemiology, cost, pathophysiology, risk factors, staging, evaluation tools, prevention, education, conservative wound care methods, surgical treatment, and future trends in wound healing related to post-SCI pressure sores. A change in nomenclature was adopted by the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel in 2016, replacing “pressure ulcer”with “pressure injury.” New concepts of pressure injury staging, such as suspected deep tissue injuries and unstageable pressure injuries, were also introduced. A systematic evidence-based review of the prevention of and therapeutic interventions for pressure sores was also discussed.

scholarly journals Ca-Zn-Ag Alginate Aerogels for Wound Healing Applications: Swelling Behavior in Simulated Human Body Fluids and Effect on Macrophages

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2741
Author(s):  
Claudia Keil ◽  
Christopher Hübner ◽  
Constanze Richter ◽  
Sandy Lier ◽  
Lars Barthel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Swelling Behavior ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Wound Fluid ◽  
Healing Wounds ◽  
Injury Models

Chronic non-healing wounds represent a substantial economic burden to healthcare systems and cause a considerable reduction in quality of life for those affected. Approximately 0.5–2% of the population in developed countries are projected to experience a chronic wound in their lifetime, necessitating further developments in the area of wound care materials. The use of aerogels for wound healing applications has increased due to their high exudate absorbency and ability to incorporate therapeutic substances, amongst them trace metals, to promote wound-healing. This study evaluates the swelling behavior of Ca-Zn-Ag-loaded alginate aerogels and their metal release upon incubation in human sweat or wound fluid substitutes. All aerogels show excellent liquid uptake from any of the formulas and high liquid holding capacities. Calcium is only marginally released into the swelling solvents, thus remaining as alginate bridging component aiding the absorption and fast transfer of liquids into the aerogel network. The zinc transfer quota is similar to those observed for common wound dressings in human and animal injury models. With respect to the immune regulatory function of zinc, cell culture studies show a high availability and anti-inflammatory activity of aerogel released Zn-species in RAW 264.7 macrophages. For silver, the balance between antibacterial effectiveness versus cytotoxicity remains a significant challenge for which the alginate aerogels need to be improved in the future. An increased knowledge of the transformations that alginate aerogels undergo in the course of the fabrication as well as during wound fluid exposure is necessary when aiming to create advanced, tissue-compatible aerogel products.

Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Management

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
COURTNEY H. LYDER
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Ulcer ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Pressure Ulcers ◽  
Pressure Ulcer Prevention ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
Support Surfaces ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Unpublished Research ◽  
Ulcer Prevention

This chapter reviews 218 published and unpublished research reports of pressure ulcer prevention and management by nurse researchers and researchers from other disciplines. The electronic databases MEDLINE (1966-July 2001), CINAHL (1982-June 2001), AMED (1985-July 2001), and El Compedex*Plus (1980-June 2001) were selected for the searches because of their focus on health and applied research. Moreover, evaluations of previous review articles and seminal studies that were published before 1966 are also included. Research conducted worldwide and published in English between 1930 and 2001 was included for review. Studies using descriptive, correlational, longitudinal, and randomized control trials were included. This review found that numerous gaps remain in our understanding of effective pressure ulcer prevention and management. Moreover, the majority of pressure ulcer care is derived from expert opinion rather than empirical evidence. Thus, additional research is needed to investigate pressure ulcer risk factors of ethnic minorities. Further studies are needed that examine the impact of specific preventive interventions (e.g., turning intervals based on risk stratification) and the cost-effectiveness of comprehensive prevention programs to prevent pressure ulcers. Finally, an evaluation is needed of various aspects of pressure ulcer management (e.g., use of support surfaces, use of adjunctive therapies) and healing of pressure ulcers.

scholarly journals Ações de enfermagem na prevenção de úlceras por pressão em UTI

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Margareth Pereira Pestana ◽  
Rosemeire Dos Santos Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Pressure Ulcer ◽  
Pressure Ulcers ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Decubitus Ulcers ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Database Research ◽  
Terapia Intensiva ◽  
Internal And External Factors

A úlcera por pressão é caracterizada por uma lesão da pele causada pela associação de fatores internos e externos após um período de fluxo sanguíneo deficiente. Este artigo teve como objetivo identificar na literatura científica as ações de enfermagem na prevenção de úlceras por pressão em UTI. O delineamento da pesquisa foi orientado pelos seguintes critérios nas Bases de Dados de Pesquisa da Lilacs, utilizando os descritores: ulcera de pressão, ulcera de decúbito, ulcera por pressão, unidade de terapia intensiva, prevenção primária, prevenção secundária, prevenção terciária, enfermagem, CTI, UTI. Faz-se necessária maior socialização do conhecimento no tratamento de feridas a partir das evidências e pesquisas científicas. Ressaltamos que o enfermeiro e todos os profissionais envolvidos devem reconhecer as limitações envolvidas e buscar superá-las, proporcionando avanços e ampliando os estudos clínicos que possam subsidiar a prática profissional.Descritores: Úlcera por Pressão, Enfermagem, Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Nursing actions in the prevention of pressure ulcers in ICUAbstract: The pressure ulcer is characterized by a lesion of the skin due to combined internal and external factors after a period of inadequate blood flow. This article aims to identify scientific literature on the nursing actions in the prevention of pressure ulcers in the ICU. The research design was guided by the following criteria in Database Research Lilacs, using the keywords: pressure ulcers, decubitus ulcers, pressure ulcers, intensive care unit, primary prevention, secondary prevention, tertiary prevention, nursing, ICU, ICU. There needs to be greater socialization of knowledge in wound care from evidence and scientific research. We emphasize that nurses and everyone involved should recognize the limitations involved and seek to overcome them, helping to develop and expand the clinical studies to support the practice.Descriptors: Pressure Ulcer, Nursing, Intensive Care Unit. Acciones de enfermería en la prevención de úlceras por presión en la UCIResumen: La úlcera de decúbito se caracteriza por una lesión de la piel debido a una combinación de factores internos y externos después de un periodo de flujo sanguíneo inadecuado. Este artículo tiene como objetivo identificar la literatura científica sobre las acciones de enfermería en la prevención de úlceras por presión en la UCI. El diseño de la investigación se basó en los siguientes criterios en la investigación de bases de datos Lilacs, utilizando las palabras clave: úlceras por presión, úlceras por decúbito, úlceras por presión, unidad de cuidados intensivos, prevención primaria, prevención secundaria, la prevención terciaria, enfermería, UCI, la UCI. Es necesario que haya una mayor socialización del conocimiento en el cuidado de la herida de la evidencia y la investigación científica. Hacemos hincapié en que las enfermeras y todos los involucrados deben reconocer las limitaciones involucradas y tratar de superarlos, ayudando a desarrollar y ampliar los estudios clínicos para apoyar la práctica.Descriptores: Úlcera por Presión, Enfermería, Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos.

scholarly journals Fatores de risco para úlceras de pressão em idosos de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-136
Author(s):  
Marion Creutzberg ◽  
Nair Cristina Fortuna Aguilera ◽  
Patrícia Cristina Cardoso ◽  
Thiago Lapuente Barbosa ◽  
Lieli Dapieve Ceolin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Pressure Ulcer ◽  
Pressure Ulcers ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Factores De Riesgo ◽  
Terapia Intensiva

Objetivos: identificar o risco para úlceras de pressão (UP) em idosos de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI); comparar o risco de UP com as variáveis sexo, faixa etária e especialidade; comparar o risco de UP entre idosos, adultos jovens e médios. Método: estudo exploratório, analítico e retrospectivo realizado em uma UTI com amostra de 216 pacientes. Resultados: o risco de UP nas duas avaliações manteve-se elevado. Não houve diferença de risco de UP entre os pacientes idosos e os adultos jovens e médios. Conclusão: a avaliação do risco de UP é imprescindível para a qualidade da assistência em UTI.Descritores: Úlcera por Pressão, Idoso, Unidades de Terapia Intensiva.Risk factors for pressure ulcers in elderly patients in a Intensive Care UnitObjectives: To identify risk of pressure ulcers (PU) on elderly in Intensive Care Unit (ICU), to compare the risk of PU with gender, age and specialty and to compare the risk of PU in the elderly, young and middle adults. Method: exploratory, analytical and retrospective in ICU with a sample of 216 patients. Results: the risk for PU in the two ratings remained high. There was no difference in risk for PU among the elderly and young and middle adults. Conclusion: the assessment of risk for PU is essential to the quality of ICU care.Descriptors: Pressure Ulcer, Aged, Intensive Care Units.Los factores de riesgo para las úlceras por presión en ancianos en la Unidad de Cuidados IntensivosObjetivos: identificar el riesgo para las úlceras por presión (UPP) en la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva (UTI), para comparar el riesgo de la UPP con el sexo, la edad y la especialidad y para comparar el riesgo entre los adultos mayores, jóvenes y la mediana edad. Método: exploración, análisis y retrospectiva en la UTI con una muestra de 216 pacientes. Resultados: el riesgo de UPP en las dos clasificaciones se mantuvieron altos. No hubo diferencias en el riesgo de la UPP entre los adultos mayores y jóvenes y de mediana edad. Conclusión: la evaluación del riesgo de la UPP es esencial para la calidad de la atención en la UCI.Descriptores: Úlcera por Presión, Anciano, Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos.

scholarly journals “What pressure ulcers mean to me?” Representations of pressure ulcer in persons with spinal cord injury: A qualitative study

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-330
Author(s):  
Mathieu GOURLAN ◽  
Alessandra PELLECHIA ◽  
Sandrine ROBINEAU ◽  
Bernard FOULON ◽  
Dominique GAULT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Pressure Ulcer ◽  
Pressure Ulcers ◽  
Cord Injury

Systematic review of behavioral and educational interventions to prevent pressure ulcers in adults with spinal cord injury

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 871-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison M Cogan ◽  
Jeanine Blanchard ◽  
Susan L Garber ◽  
Cheryl LP Vigen ◽  
Mike Carlson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Pressure Ulcer ◽  
Pressure Ulcers ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Included Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Skin Breakdown ◽  
Cord Injury

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of behavioral or educational interventions in preventing pressure ulcers in community-dwelling adults with spinal cord injury (SCI). Data sources: Cochrane, Clinical Trials, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched in June 2016. The search combined related terms for pressure ulcers, spinal cord injury, and behavioral intervention. Each database was searched from its inception with no restrictions on year of publication. Review methods: Inclusion criteria required that articles were (a) published in a peer-reviewed journal in English, (b) evaluated a behavioral or educational intervention for pressure ulcer prevention, (c) included community-dwelling adult participants aged 18 years and older with SCI, (d) measured pressure ulcer occurrence, recurrence, or skin breakdown as an outcome, and (e) had a minimum of 10 participants. All study designs were considered. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts. Extracted information included study design, sample size, description of the intervention and control condition, pressure ulcer outcome measures, and corresponding results. Results: The search strategy yielded 444 unique articles of which five met inclusion criteria. Three were randomized trials and two were quasi-experimental designs. A total of 513 participants were represented. The method of pressure ulcer or skin breakdown measurement varied widely among studies. Results on pressure ulcer outcomes were null in all studies. Considerable methodological problems with recruitment, intervention fidelity, and participant adherence were reported. Conclusions: At present, there is no positive evidence to support the efficacy of behavioral or educational interventions in preventing pressure ulcer occurrence in adults with SCI.

Skin disorders

2015 ◽  
pp. 297-324
Author(s):  
Barbara M. Bates-Jense ◽  
Sirin Petch
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Pain Relief ◽  
Wound Infection ◽  
Pressure Ulcer ◽  
Pressure Ulcers ◽  
Wound Management ◽  
Skin Disorders ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Adequate Pain Relief ◽  
Support Surfaces

Palliative pressure ulcer care is focused on comfort and limiting the extent or impact of the wound. Pressure ulcer prevention for palliative care includes use of flexible repositioning schedules with attention to adequate pain relief interventions before movement and use of pressure redistributing support surfaces for the bed and chair. Palliative care for pressure ulcers also includes attention to prevention measures; obtaining and maintaining a clean wound; management of pain, exudate, and odor; and prevention of complications such as wound infection.

scholarly journals Perceived Facilitators to Preventing Pressure Ulcer among Intensive Care Unit Nurses

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ristina Mirwanti ◽  
Aan Nuraeni ◽  
Ayu Prawesti
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Pressure Ulcer ◽  
Pressure Ulcers ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pressure Ulcer Prevention ◽  
Facilitating Factors ◽  
Intensive Care Unit Nurses ◽  
Ulcer Prevention

Background: Pressure ulcer or pressure injury is one of the complications of immobility patients in the intensive care unit. Nurses play an important role in pressure ulcer prevention. Actual factors like facilitators to preventing pressure ulcers can affect nurses’ behavior to prevent pressure ulcers. Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify nurses’ perceived facilitating factors that affected pressure ulcer prevention in the intensive care unit. Methods: A cross-sectional and quantitative descriptive study design was used to collect data. This study was conducted among nurses working in the intensive care unit in one hospital in West Java. Seventy nurses participated in this study. The facilitator factors questionnaire and information form were used to identify what factors affected pressure ulcer prevention among intensive nurses. Data were analyzed by a computer program using frequency distributive and cross-tabulation. Results: From the total sample size, 68.6% (n=70) were female nurses, while 92.9% (n=70) were civil servant nurses. Only 30% (n=70) were graduated from bachelor degree nursing program, and 77.14%(n=70) said they never attended training about pressure ulcer nor wound care management. All of the respondents claimed that in pressure ulcer prevention, they felt facilitators that made pressure ulcer prevention was easier. Access to pressure ulcer relieving device, equipment, and facilitator (97.14%), good teamwork (75.71%), and knowledge (68.57%) were the most commonly mentioned factors that facilitating pressure ulcer prevention. Otherwise, time and amounts of the staff were perceived facilitators named by 40% and 22.86% respondents, respectively. Only 1.43% of respondents stated that the schedule was a facilitator factor. Conclusion: Considering the results of this study, facilitating factors were important for intensive nurses to prevent patients’ pressure ulcer, and the most commonly named was access to pressure ulcer relieving device, equipment, and facility. To improve the pressure ulcer prevention, the hospital should provide device, equipment, and facility, like pressure distributor; therapeutic linens; protector the skin; and positioner.

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