scholarly journals Outcome of COVID-19: Diabetes and Obesity

2021 ◽  
pp. 248-255
Author(s):  
Rithika Gunta
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Vulnerable Group ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Lipid Aldehydes ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity ◽  
Corona Viruses

Today the world is facing one of the biggest crisis, due to a new beta-corona virus emerged from Wuhan in China, on December 2019. WHO declared ‘acute respiratory syndrome COVID-19 (SARS Co-2)’as a pandemic on March 12, 2020. Corona viruses are enveloped positive single stranded RNA viruses, causing severe acute respiratory syndrome in the infected individuals. The risk of getting infected by covid-19 is similar in all the individuals across the nation. But the outcome of the infection varies from one individual to another, depending on the comorbidities present in them. The most vulnerable group of patients in respect to severity of outcome of the infection are the once with unbalanced heath conditions like age (>65 years), immune-compromised, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, increased insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, chronic liver disease, vasculitis(vascular inflammation)and obesity. It is now a public knowledge that diabetes and obesity are a risk factor for any individual as these conditions can exacerbate the manifestations of COVID-19 infections thus increasing the severity of the condition, that may require hospitalization of the patient, later may even require intensive care unit or/and mechanical ventilation, with increased risk of mortality rates. In diabetic patients it is mainly due to failure in controlling the glucose levels and the risk of ketoacidosis. In patients with obesity lipid peroxidase creates reactive lipid aldehydes leading to poor prognosis.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF PRO197LEU POLYMORPHISM OF THE GPX1 GENE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND COMORBID OBESITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
A. Popruha
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Antioxidant Defence System ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Type 2 diabetes and obesity are among the most common diseases worldwide. Due to the extremely high prevalence of these diseases that has been reached in recent years, at present they are recognized as non-infectious epidemics. Obesity is the leading modifying pathogenetic factor of type 2 diabetes. Almost 90% of diabetic patients are overweight or obese. Today, adipose tissue is positioned as an endocrine organ that produces numerous proteins with autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine functions. As a result, chronic activation of the body's immune system occurs with overproduction of a wide range of pro-inflammatory cytokines with subsequent development and progression of chronic non-specific systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, which make a significant contribution to the development of many chronic diseases. Based on the relationship of the pathogenetic moments between type 2 diabetes and obesity, attention should be paid to study the role of genetic factors of the antioxidant defence system, and, in particular, the glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx1) gene polymorphism, on the development and course of these pathologies. Therefore, we investigated the specific effects of the Pro197Leu polymorphism of the GPx1 gene on the development of diabetic and cardiovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes and patients with type 2 diabetes and comorbid obesity in the Poltava region. Significant relationship was found out between the presence of the Leu allele and the increased risk of both type 2 diabetes and type 2 diabetes in combination with obesity. It has been established that in the patients with type 2 diabetes and patients with type 2 diabetes and comorbid obesity, the carriage of the Pro allele can be a protective factor with a protective effect towards preventing the development of complications in the clinical and pathogenetic course of both diseases, while the presence of the mutant Leu allele in the homo- and heterozygous state of the GPx1 gene is associated with an increased risk of the development of the diseases studied as well as concomitant diabetic and cardiovascular complications with more adverse clinical course of both diseases.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF THYROID DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Mali
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Status Assessment

Background: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are more prone to thyroid disorders. Hypothyroidism in them leads to an aggravation of microvascular complications. Diabetic patients with hypothyroidism also are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Screening for thyroid dysfunction in diabetic patients will allow early treatment of hypothyroidism. Methods: All patients were evaluated for thyroid status; assessment of T3, T4 and TSH levels and Blood glucose levels and HbA1c. Results: 22.00% patients were present with subclinical hypothyroidism, 18.00% patients were present with hypothyroidism and 4.00% patients present with hyperthyroidism Conclusion: Screening for thyroid disease disease among patients with diabetes mellitus should be routinely performed for early detection and treatment of thyroid dysfunction to delay the complications of diabetes Keywords: Thyroid, Type-2DM, Complication

scholarly journals Impact of Comorbidities, Glycemia at Admission and DPP4 Inhibitors in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with COVID-19: a Case Series from an Academic Hospital in Lombardy, Italy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Mirani ◽  
Giuseppe Favacchio ◽  
Flaminia Carrone ◽  
Nazarena Betella ◽  
Emilia Biamonte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

<a>OBJECTIVE</a> <p>Diabetes mellitus may unfavorably influence the outcome of Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), <a>but the determinants of this effect are still poorly understood.</a></p> <p><a>In this monocentric study we aimed at evaluating the impact of type 2 diabetes, comorbidities, plasma glucose levels and </a>antidiabetic medications on the survival of COVID-19 patients.</p> <p>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS</p> <p>This was a case series involving 387 COVID-19 patients admitted to a single center in the region of Lombardy, the epicenter of the <a></a><a>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 </a>(SARS-CoV2) pandemic in Italy, between February 20 and April 9, 2020.</p> <p>Medical history, pharmacological treatments, laboratory findings and clinical outcomes of non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic patients were compared. Cox proportional hazards analysis was applied to investigate risk factors associate with mortality.</p> <p>RESULTS</p> <p>Our samples included 90 patients (23.3%) with type 2 diabetes, who displayed double the mortality rate of non-diabetic subjects (42.3% vs 21.7%, <i>P</i> < 0.001). <a>In spite of this, after correction for age and sex, risk of mortality was significantly associated with a history of hypertension [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.84, 95% confidence interval (C.I.) 1.15-2.95; <i>P </i>= 0.011), coronary artery disease (aHR 1.56, 95% C.I. 1.04-2.35; <i>P </i>= 0.031), chronic kidney disease (aHR 2.07, 95% C.I. 1.27-3.38; <i>P </i>= 0.003), stroke (aHR 2.09, 95% C.I. 1.23-3.55; <i>P</i>=0.006) and cancer (aHR 1.57, 95% C.I. 1.08-2.42; <i>P </i>= 0.04), but not with type 2 diabetes (<i>P </i>= 0.170). </a></p> <p><a>In diabetic patients, elevated plasma glucose </a>(<a>a</a>HR 1.22, 95% C.I. 1.04 – 1.44 per mmol/l; <i>P </i>= 0.015) and IL-6 levels at admission [<a></a><a>aHR 2.47, 95% C.I. 1.28 – 4.78 per 1 standard deviation (SD) increase, <i>P </i>= 0.007</a>] as well as treatments with insulin (aHR 3.05, 95% C.I. 1.57-5.95; <i>P </i>= 0.001) and beta-blockers (aHR 3.20, 95% C.I. 1.50-6.60; <i>P </i>= 0.001) were independently associated with an increased mortality, whereas the use of DPP-4 inhibitors was significantly and independently associated with a lower risk of mortality (aHR 0.13, 95% C.I. 0.02 – 0.92, <i>P </i>= 0.042).</p> <p>CONCLUSIONS</p> <p><a></a><a>Plasma glucose levels at admission and antidiabetic drugs may influence the survival of COVID-19 patients affected by type-2 diabetes</a>.</p> <br>

scholarly journals Impact of Comorbidities, Glycemia at Admission and DPP4 Inhibitors in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with COVID-19: a Case Series from an Academic Hospital in Lombardy, Italy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Mirani ◽  
Giuseppe Favacchio ◽  
Flaminia Carrone ◽  
Nazarena Betella ◽  
Emilia Biamonte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

<a>OBJECTIVE</a> <p>Diabetes mellitus may unfavorably influence the outcome of Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), <a>but the determinants of this effect are still poorly understood.</a></p> <p><a>In this monocentric study we aimed at evaluating the impact of type 2 diabetes, comorbidities, plasma glucose levels and </a>antidiabetic medications on the survival of COVID-19 patients.</p> <p>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS</p> <p>This was a case series involving 387 COVID-19 patients admitted to a single center in the region of Lombardy, the epicenter of the <a></a><a>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 </a>(SARS-CoV2) pandemic in Italy, between February 20 and April 9, 2020.</p> <p>Medical history, pharmacological treatments, laboratory findings and clinical outcomes of non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic patients were compared. Cox proportional hazards analysis was applied to investigate risk factors associate with mortality.</p> <p>RESULTS</p> <p>Our samples included 90 patients (23.3%) with type 2 diabetes, who displayed double the mortality rate of non-diabetic subjects (42.3% vs 21.7%, <i>P</i> < 0.001). <a>In spite of this, after correction for age and sex, risk of mortality was significantly associated with a history of hypertension [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.84, 95% confidence interval (C.I.) 1.15-2.95; <i>P </i>= 0.011), coronary artery disease (aHR 1.56, 95% C.I. 1.04-2.35; <i>P </i>= 0.031), chronic kidney disease (aHR 2.07, 95% C.I. 1.27-3.38; <i>P </i>= 0.003), stroke (aHR 2.09, 95% C.I. 1.23-3.55; <i>P</i>=0.006) and cancer (aHR 1.57, 95% C.I. 1.08-2.42; <i>P </i>= 0.04), but not with type 2 diabetes (<i>P </i>= 0.170). </a></p> <p><a>In diabetic patients, elevated plasma glucose </a>(<a>a</a>HR 1.22, 95% C.I. 1.04 – 1.44 per mmol/l; <i>P </i>= 0.015) and IL-6 levels at admission [<a></a><a>aHR 2.47, 95% C.I. 1.28 – 4.78 per 1 standard deviation (SD) increase, <i>P </i>= 0.007</a>] as well as treatments with insulin (aHR 3.05, 95% C.I. 1.57-5.95; <i>P </i>= 0.001) and beta-blockers (aHR 3.20, 95% C.I. 1.50-6.60; <i>P </i>= 0.001) were independently associated with an increased mortality, whereas the use of DPP-4 inhibitors was significantly and independently associated with a lower risk of mortality (aHR 0.13, 95% C.I. 0.02 – 0.92, <i>P </i>= 0.042).</p> <p>CONCLUSIONS</p> <p><a></a><a>Plasma glucose levels at admission and antidiabetic drugs may influence the survival of COVID-19 patients affected by type-2 diabetes</a>.</p> <br>

scholarly journals Glycemic variability and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e002032
Author(s):  
Marcela Martinez ◽  
Jimena Santamarina ◽  
Adrian Pavesi ◽  
Carla Musso ◽  
Guillermo E Umpierrez
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Glycemic Variability ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Glycated hemoglobin is currently the gold standard for assessment of long-term glycemic control and response to medical treatment in patients with diabetes. Glycated hemoglobin, however, does not address fluctuations in blood glucose. Glycemic variability (GV) refers to fluctuations in blood glucose levels. Recent clinical data indicate that GV is associated with increased risk of hypoglycemia, microvascular and macrovascular complications, and mortality in patients with diabetes, independently of glycated hemoglobin level. The use of continuous glucose monitoring devices has markedly improved the assessment of GV in clinical practice and facilitated the assessment of GV as well as hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia events in patients with diabetes. We review current concepts on the definition and assessment of GV and its association with cardiovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Body Mass Index, Fasting Plasma Glucose Levels, and C-peptide Levels as Predictors of the Future Insulin Use in Japanese Type 2 Diabetic Patients

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi GOTO ◽  
Maki TAKAICHI ◽  
Miyako KISHIMOTO ◽  
Yoshihiko TAKAHASHI ◽  
Hiroshi KAJIO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Insulin Use ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

scholarly journals Renoprotective Effects of the Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Sitagliptin: A Review in Type 2 Diabetes

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Mega ◽  
Edite Teixeira-de-Lemos ◽  
Rosa Fernandes ◽  
Flávio Reis
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitor ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is now the single commonest cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide and one of the main causes of death in diabetic patients. It is also acknowledged as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Since sitagliptin was approved, many studies have been carried out revealing its ability to not only improve metabolic control but also ameliorate dysfunction in various diabetes-targeted organs, especially the kidney, due to putative underlying cytoprotective properties, namely, its antiapoptotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic properties. Despite overall recommendations, many patients spend a long time well outside the recommended glycaemic range and, therefore, have an increased risk for developing micro- and macrovascular complications. Currently, it is becoming clearer that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) management must envision not only the improvement in glycaemic control but also, and particularly, the prevention of pancreatic deterioration and the evolution of complications, such as DN. This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge in the field of renoprotective actions of sitagliptin, namely, improvement in diabetic dysmetabolism, hemodynamic factors, renal function, diabetic kidney lesions, and cytoprotective properties.

SARS-COV-2 in type 2 diabetic patients: Possible roles of exercise training as a medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Kushkestani ◽  
Mohsen Parvani ◽  
Yaser Kazemzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetics ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Complications Rate

: SARS-COV-2 is the novel type of beta coronavirus that was first seen in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Type 2 Diabetics are one of the groups most vulnerable to SARS-COV-2 and its associated complications. Many factors such as medication, pathophysiologic-induced compensatory mechanisms, and alterations in protein expression and immune system function can all contribute to severe outcomes in diabetics. In this review article, we first described the possible mechanisms of increased risk and more severe complications rate of SARS-COV-2 in diabetic patients. Secondly, we discussed the crucial roles of exercise in diabetic patients and in balancing of RAS system (ACE2/ACE). Finally, we showed the possible roles of acute and chronic exercise in reducing SARS-COV-2 severe outcomes in diabetics in accordance with the latest evidence. We concluded that regular exercise (especially moderate-intensity exercise) can play immune enhancing, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation roles and can balance ACE2/ACE ratio (decreasing ANG2 levels) in diabetic subjects.

FABP1 gene variant associated with risk of metabolic syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Zare-Feyzabadi ◽  
Majid Mozaffari ◽  
Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan ◽  
Mohsen Valizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Amplification Refractory Mutation System ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mutation System ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Background: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is defined by a clustering of metabolic abnormalities associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. There has been an increasing interest in the associations of genetic variants involved in diabetes and obesity in the FABP1 pathway. The relationship between the rs2241883 polymorphism of FABP1 and risk of MetS remains unclear. Objective: We aimed to examine the association between this genetic polymorphism and the presence of MetS and its constituent factors. Methods: A total of 942 participants were recruited as part of the Mashhad Stroke and Heart Atherosclerosis Disorders (MASHAD study) Cohort. Patients with MetS were identified using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria (n=406) and those without MetS (n=536) were also recruited. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples and used for genotyping of the FABP1 rs2241883T/C polymorphism using Tetra-Amplification Refractory Mutation System Polymerase Chain Reaction (Tetra-ARMS PCR). Genetic analysis was confirmed by gel electrophoresis and DNA sequencing. Results: Using both univariate and multivariate analyses after adjusting for age, sex and physical activity, carriers of C allele (CT/CC genotypes) in FABP1 variant were related to an increased risk of MetS, compared to non-carriers (OR: 1.38, 95%CI: 1.04,1.82, p=0.026). Conclusion: The present study shows that C allele in the FABP1 variant can be associated with an increased risk of MetS. The evaluation of these factors in a larger population may help further confirm these findings.

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