A Review on Mucormycosis Disease & Its Treatment

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i60b34583 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 33-38

Author(s):

Akshay Kumar Waster ◽

Pradeep Sune

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

T Lymphocytes ◽

Immunocompromised Patients ◽

Interprofessional Team ◽

Passing Rate ◽

The People ◽

Uncommon Condition ◽

High Index Of Suspicion

Mucormycosis is an angio-intrusive disease brought about by the Mucorales organism. Even though it is an uncommon condition, it is turning out to be more normal among immunocompromised patients. Rhino-orbitocerebral, cutaneous, dispersed, gastrointestinal, and pneumonic structures would all be able to be found. Notwithstanding the lively treatment, there is a generally speaking expanded passing rate. The audit's significant objective and objective are as follows: Mucormycosis Overview and Etiopathogenesis, Fatality of Rhino cerebral Mucormycosis Strategies for determination and treatment have as of late progressed. Mucormycosis is more typical in seriously neutropenia patients and people who need phagocytic action. Notwithstanding, this isn’t true on account of Patients with AIDS19. It suggests that T lymphocytes are involved. They are insufficient in forestalling parasitic expansion. Just the neutrophils are impacted. Voriconazole treatment for quite a while, essentially among the People with malignant growths of the blood and bone marrow Transfers of undifferentiated hematopoietic cells are more regular. Besides, Mucormycosis can likewise be found in individuals who don’t have any manifestations Rhino-orbitocerebral, cutaneous, dispersed, gastrointestinal, and pneumonic structures would all be found. Notwithstanding the lively treatment, there is a generally speaking expanded passing rate. Mucormycosis results from various fungi that may be innocuous and primarily affect immunocompromised patients. For this reason, the clinician must have a high index of suspicion to diagnose this disease in any of its forms when it presents in a patient with these risk factors. Starting with the host’s features and the fungus’s tropism once it invades the host, this activity discusses the manifestations of Disease, appropriate evaluation/management of mucormycosis, and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in evaluating and treating patients with this condition.

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The Role of Human Leukocyte Antigen G in Inducing Immune Tolerance After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v114.22.4478.4478 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 114 (22) ◽

pp. 4478-4478

Author(s):

Xuan Du ◽

Xiuli Wu ◽

Rui Li ◽

Zhiping Fan ◽

Yu Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

T Lymphocytes ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Culture Supernatant ◽

Hematopoietic Stem ◽

Ifn Γ ◽

High Level

Abstract Abstract 4478 Background and Objective Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is now applied widely for the treatment of hematological or non-hematological malignancies, aplastic anemia and hereditary diseases. Recently, a protocol for haploidentical allo-HSCT that combines granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) primed bone marrow (G-BM) and peripheral blood stem cells (G-PBSC) without in vitro T-cell depletion received great success. But the mechanism of G-CSF inducing immunotolerance in haploidentical-HSCT has not yet been clarified. Human leucocyte antigen G (HLA-G) is a nonclassical HLA class I molecule, the tolerogenic role of HLA-G is highly supported in pregnancy immunization, tumor immune escape and organ transplant. Because HLA-G closely related to immunotolerance, we investigate the role of HLA-G in inducing immune tolerance after allo-HSCT and the effects of G-CSF on the expression and secretion level of HLA-G. Methods Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of membrane-bound HLA-G (mHLA-G) on donor peripheral blood cells (PBC) or bone marrow (BM) cells. The levels of soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) in the plasma and bone marrow fluid were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In vitro, the expression and secretion level of HLA-G in bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after G-CSF stimulated were detected by flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively; Separated T lymphocytes which expressed high level of HLA-G were cultured with allogeneic T lymphocytes and relative response index (RPI) was measured with MTT assay; Furthermore, separated T lymphocytes were cultured with allogeneic BMMCs and the levels of IFN-γ and IL-10 in culture supernatant were determined by ELISA. Results The mean level of mHLA-G after G-CSF mobilization in the PBC or BM cells was significantly higher than that before G-CSF mobilization (P<0.05). The level of mHLA-G or sHLA-G in BM cells was higher than that in PBC after G-CSF mobilization (P<0.05). The level of mHLA-G or sHLA-G in BMMCs or PBSCs which were stimulated by G-CSF was higher than that of the controls (P<0.05), and the level of HLA-G in BMMCs was higher than that in PBSCs. HLA-G predominant expressed in CD3+ T cells; The results of allogeneic mixed lymphocyte culture revealed that immunological function of the separated T lymphocytes which expressed high level of HLA-G was inhibited (RPI: 54.3%). The separated T lymphocytes co-cultured with allogeneic BMMCs, the levels of IFN-γ and IL-10 in culture supernatant were significantly higher than the controls (P<0.05). Conclusions HLA-G is rich in G-BM that might be interpret G-BM could induce better immunotolerance than G-PBSC. The G-CSF could regulate HLA-G expression and secretion directly. The mechanism of G-CSF inducing immunotolerance might be related to the inhibition of allogeneic T cell reactivity and the increase of IFN-γ and IL-10 secretion through HLA-G. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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The Role of Suppresor T Lymphocytes in the Maintenance of Tolerance to Alloantigens in Bone Marrow Chimeras Prepared with Total Lymphoid Irradiation (TLI)

Microenvironments in the Lymphoid System ◽

10.1007/978-1-4613-2463-8_62 ◽

1985 ◽

pp. 503-509

Author(s):

S. Slavin ◽

M. Weigensberg ◽

S. Bar ◽

L. Weiss ◽

S. Morecki

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

T Lymphocytes ◽

Total Lymphoid Irradiation ◽

Bone Marrow Chimeras

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Regulatory role of CD8+ T lymphocytes in bone marrow eosinophilopoiesis

Respiratory Research ◽

10.1186/1465-9921-7-83 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Madeleine Rådinger ◽

Svetlana Sergejeva ◽

Anna-Karin Johansson ◽

Carina Malmhäll ◽

Apostolos Bossios ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

T Lymphocytes ◽

Regulatory Role ◽

Cd8 T Lymphocytes

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Role of acquired and hereditary thrombotic risk factors in patients with ischemic colitis

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(01)81398-6 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 120 (5) ◽

pp. A282-A282

Author(s):

I KOUTROUBAKIS ◽

A SFIRIDAKI ◽

A THEODOROPOULOU ◽

A LIVADIOTAKI ◽

P DIMOULIOS ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Ischemic Colitis ◽

Thrombotic Risk

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Psychological Resilience Provides No Independent Protection From Suicidal Risk

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000364 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 130-139 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Danica W. Y. Liu ◽

A. Kate Fairweather-Schmidt ◽

Richard Burns ◽

Rachel M. Roberts ◽

Kaarin J. Anstey

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Well Being ◽

Current Status ◽

Psychological Resilience ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Life Project ◽

Resilience Factors ◽

First Time

Abstract. Background: Little is known about the role of resilience in the likelihood of suicidal ideation (SI) over time. Aims: We examined the association between resilience and SI in a young-adult cohort over 4 years. Our objectives were to determine whether resilience was associated with SI at follow-up or, conversely, whether SI was associated with lowered resilience at follow-up. Method: Participants were selected from the Personality and Total Health (PATH) Through Life Project from Canberra and Queanbeyan, Australia, aged 28–32 years at the first time point and 32–36 at the second. Multinomial, linear, and binary regression analyses explored the association between resilience and SI over two time points. Models were adjusted for suicidality risk factors. Results: While unadjusted analyses identified associations between resilience and SI, these effects were fully explained by the inclusion of other suicidality risk factors. Conclusion: Despite strong cross-sectional associations, resilience and SI appear to be unrelated in a longitudinal context, once risk/resilience factors are controlled for. As independent indicators of psychological well-being, suicidality and resilience are essential if current status is to be captured. However, the addition of other factors (e.g., support, mastery) makes this association tenuous. Consequently, resilience per se may not be protective of SI.

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Protective Factors and Suicidality in Members of Arab Kindred

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000116 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 80-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sami Hamdan ◽

Nadine Melhem ◽

Israel Orbach ◽

Ilana Farbstein ◽

Mohammad El-Haib ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Suicidal Behavior ◽

Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Suicidal Risk ◽

Arab Population ◽

Psychiatric Interview ◽

History Of

Background: Relatively little is known about the role of protective factors in an Arab population in the presence of suicidal risk factors. Aims: To examine the role of protective factors in a subsample of in large Arab Kindred participants in the presence of suicidal risk factors. Methods: We assessed protective and risk factors in a sample of 64 participants (16 suicidal and 48 nonsuicidal) between 15 and 55 years of age, using a comprehensive structured psychiatric interview, the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), self-reported depression, anxiety, hopelessness, impulsivity, hostility, and suicidal behavior in first-degree and second-relatives. We also used the Religiosity Questionnaire and suicide attitude (SUIATT) and multidimensional perceived support scale. Results: Suicidal as opposed to nonsuicidal participants were more likely to have a lifetime history of major depressive disorder (MDD) (68.8% vs. 22.9% χ2 = 11.17, p = .001), an anxiety disorder (87.5% vs. 22.9, χ2 = 21.02, p < .001), or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (25% vs. 0.0%, Fisher’s, p = .003). Individuals who are otherwise at high risk for suicidality have a much lower risk when they experience higher perceived social support (3.31 ± 1.36 vs. 4.96 ± 1.40, t = 4.10, df = 62, p < .001), and they have the view that suicide is somehow unacceptable (1.83 ± .10 vs. 1.89 ± .07, t = 2.76, df = 60, p = .008). Conclusions: Taken together with other studies, these data suggest that the augmentation of protective factors could play a very important role in the prevention of incidental and recurrent suicidal behavior in Arab populations, where suicidal behavior in increasing rapidly.

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