scholarly journals Evaluation of the use of chlorpromazine for agitation in pediatric patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Rajwoana Ahmed ◽  
Megan Maroney ◽  
Germin Fahim ◽  
Hoytin Lee Ghin ◽  
Andrew Scott Mathis
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Improved Outcomes ◽  
Standard Medication

Abstract Introduction Chlorpromazine is a first-generation antipsychotic used for behavioral problems in pediatric patients. However, other therapies may demonstrate both improved outcomes and fewer side effects. Within our institution, chlorpromazine has been the standard medication used for treatment of pediatric agitation. The study objective was to evaluate the appropriateness of chlorpromazine use (including efficacy, appropriate dosing, drug interactions, and tolerability) to optimize the treatment of pediatric agitation. Methods Data regarding drug interactions, patient behavior, dosing, and side effects was collected for each patient administered chlorpromazine from January 2019 through June 2019. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics assessing the incidence of drug-drug interactions (DDIs), incidences of inefficacy, inappropriate dosing, and side effects. Results A total of 70 patients and 130 administrations of oral or intramuscular chlorpromazine were evaluated. Of these administrations, 49 (38%) resulted in a DDI. Eighteen (14%) administrations were ineffective for managing symptoms of agitation. Eleven (8%) administrations were dosed inappropriately, and 46 (35%) administrations resulted in side effects possibly caused by chlorpromazine. Discussion Results from this study demonstrate opportunities for improvement in patient care due to instances of drug interactions, inefficacy, inappropriate dosing, and side effects with the use of chlorpromazine.

Practical prescribing

1987 ◽  
Vol 25 (20) ◽  
pp. 80-80
Author(s):  
Martin J Brodie ◽  
Ian Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Text Book ◽  
The Third ◽  
New Drug ◽  
Making Choices ◽  
Treatment Policies ◽  
Accessible Form

This book is a practical manual for the prescriber rather than a text book. The first chapter usefully explains pharmacological terms which are used later in the book. This is followed by three sections concerned with choosing drugs. The first section gives a list of ‘best buys’ for common complaints, the second looks at treatment policies and the third gives basic pharmacological information to help in making choices. Side-effects and drug interactions are presented in the next two chapters in a readily accessible form. The final chapter, called ‘Cautions,’ has some useful information not readily found elsewhere including data on teratogenesis and shelf-life of formulations. It also suggests which drugs we should stop using, and discusses factors to consider before using a new drug.

scholarly journals Update on therapy for superficial mycoses: review article part I

2013 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 764-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Fernanda Reis Gavazzoni Dias ◽  
Maria Victoria Pinto Quaresma-Santos ◽  
Fred Bernardes-Filho ◽  
Adriana Gutstein da Fonseca Amorim ◽  
Regina Casz Schechtman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Superficial Mycoses ◽  
World Markets ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right ◽  
Therapeutic Alternatives

Superficial fungal infections of the hair, skin and nails are a major cause of morbidity in the world. Choosing the right treatment is not always simple because of the possibility of drug interactions and side effects. The first part of the article discusses the main treatments for superficial mycoses - keratophytoses, dermatophytosis, candidiasis, with a practical approach to the most commonly-used topical and systemic drugs , referring also to their dosage and duration of use. Promising new, antifungal therapeutic alternatives are also highlighted, as well as available options on the Brazilian and world markets.

scholarly journals The importance of psychological messages and the “questionbehavior effect” about remdesivir

2021 ◽  
pp. 124-126
Author(s):  
Aloisio Antonio Gomes de Matos ◽  
Séphora Natércia Albuquerque Oliveira ◽  
Modesto Leite Rolim Neto
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
High Expectations ◽  
The World

Background: The FDA has been requiring that information about using remdesivir to treat COVID-19 be made available to healthcare providers and patients, including dosing instructions, potential side effects, and drug interactions. It is important to observe the initial indicators of anxiety, fear, and euphoria for families during emergencies, including information on the possible side effects. This situational context is very important in all the world, because it opens doors for providing the use of updated information about treatment follow-up and for offering improved mental health services. Method: The studies were identified in well-known international journals found in two electronic databases: Scopus and Embase. The data were cross-checked with information from the main international newspapers. Results: The high expectations supported by an immediate discourse culminate in frustration and displeasure, while more consistent empirical results are not generated. These two are predictors of psychic suffering, especially due to the scarcity of information and uncertainties. In parallel, recent studies indicate that spreading information without scientific basis intensifies damage to the routine and health of people, which are already impacted by the pandemic situation. This misrepresented spread may be a factor for unleashing fear and, as a consequence, social despair. Conclusions: Based on the impulsive scenarios stimulated in the context of hydroxychloroquine and on the high spread of fake or distorted news, the psychiatric impacts of COVID-19 pandemic associated with the use of remdesivir may be worsened and reflected directly on the population’s self-esteem.

scholarly journals Modeling Polypharmacy Side Effects with Graph Convolutional Networks

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marinka Zitnik ◽  
Monica Agrawal ◽  
Jure Leskovec
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Convolutional Networks ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Complex Relationships

AbstractMotivation: The use of drug combinations, termed polypharmacy, is common to treat patients with complex diseases or co-existing conditions. However, a major consequence of polypharmacy is a much higher risk of adverse side effects for the patient. Polypharmacy side effects emerge because of drug-drug interactions, in which activity of one drug may change, favorably or unfavorably, if taken with another drug. The knowledge of drug interactions is often limited because these complex relationships are rare, and are usually not observed in relatively small clinical testing. Discovering polypharmacy side effects thus remains an important challenge with significant implications for patient mortality and morbidity.Results: Here, we present Decagon, an approach for modeling polypharmacy side effects. The approach constructs a multimodal graph of protein-protein interactions, drug-protein target interactions, and the polypharmacy side effects, which are represented as drug-drug interactions, where each side effect is an edge of a different type. Decagon is developed specifically to handle such multimodal graphs with a large number of edge types. Our approach develops a new graph convolutional neural network for multirelational link prediction in multimodal networks. Unlike approaches limited to predicting simple drug-drug interaction values, Decagon can predict the exact side effect, if any, through which a given drug combination manifests clinically. Decagon accurately predicts polypharmacy side effects, outperforming baselines by up to 69%. We find that it automatically learns representations of side effects indicative of co-occurrence of polypharmacy in patients. Furthermore, Decagon models particularly well polypharmacy side effects that have a strong molecular basis, while on predominantly non-molecular side effects, it achieves good performance because of effective sharing of model parameters across edge types. Decagon opens up opportunities to use large pharmacogenomic and patient population data to flag and prioritize polypharmacy side effects for follow-up analysis via formal pharmacological studies.Availability: Source code and preprocessed datasets are at: http://snap.stanford.edu/decagon.Contact:[email protected]

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Polypharmacy and Potential Drug–Drug Interactions Among Pediatric Patients in ICUs of U.S. Children’s Hospitals*

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. e218-e228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dingwei Dai ◽  
James A. Feinstein ◽  
Wynne Morrison ◽  
Athena F. Zuppa ◽  
Chris Feudtner
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Potential Drug ◽  
Children's Hospitals ◽  
Children’S Hospitals

Food and drug interactions: its side effects

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Ayo ◽  
H. Agu ◽  
I. Madaki
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Drug Interactions

UNDERSTANDING REAL-WORLD BIOLOGIC MAINTENANCE DOSING PATTERNS AMONG PEDIATRIC ULCERATIVE COLITIS AND CROHN’S DISEASE PATIENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S23-S23
Author(s):  
Wallace Crandall ◽  
Richard Colletti ◽  
Wendy Komocsar ◽  
Chunyan Liu ◽  
Jennifer Dotson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maintenance Dose ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Baseline Visit ◽  
The Us ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Term Maintenance

Abstract Objectives To assess the initial and long-term maintenance dosing of biologic medications in pediatric UC and CD patients, using data in the ICN registry. Methods Pediatric patients (2–17 years) in the US who were diagnosed with UC or CD between June 1, 2013 and December 31, 2019, who, after enrollment in the ICN registry, initiated a biologic (adalimumab, infliximab, certolizumab, golimumab, ustekinumab, vedolizumab, and natalizumab) and were actively followed for at least 12 months after first maintenance dose were included in this study. Descriptive statistics of baseline patient demographics were summarized for the overall Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) patient population and separately for UC and CD. Biologic maintenance dosage was calculated for UC and CD patients who had data for both dose and weight for each biologic at the baseline visit (first maintenance dose), 1-year and 3-year time points. Results A total of 1,887 pediatric IBD patients (UC=350; CD=1,537) were included in this study. Patients had a mean age at diagnosis of 12.9 years (UC=13.1; CD=12.9), 57.1% were male (UC=48.9%; CD=59.0%), and 80.6% were White (UC=79.8%; CD=80.8%) (Table 1). Infliximab (77.0%) was the most commonly prescribed biologic for UC, followed by adalimumab (12.4%), vedolizumab (10.1%), certolizumab (0.3%), and ustekinumab (0.3%). Similarly, infliximab (80.6%) was the most commonly prescribed biologic for CD, followed by adalimumab (16.5%), vedolizumab (1.6%), ustekinumab (1.2%), and certolizumab (0.1%) (Table 2). At first maintenance dose, UC patients on infliximab were receiving a mean dose of 10.5mg/kg/8wk, patients on adalimumab (weight <40kg) were receiving a mean dose of 1.3mg/kg/2wk, patients on adalimumab (weight≥40kg) were receiving a mean dose of 0.8mg/kg/2wk, and patients on vedolizumab were receiving a mean dose of 6.9mg/kg/8wks. Mean dose of infliximab among UC patients increased from 10.5mg/kg/8wk at first maintenance dose to 11.8mg/kg/8wk at 1-year from first maintenance dose. At the first maintenance dose, CD patients on infliximab were receiving a mean dose of 8.1mg/kg/8wk, patients on adalimumab (weight <40kg) were receiving a mean dose of 1.1mg/kg/2wk, patients on adalimumab (weight ≥40kg) were receiving a mean dose of 0.8mg/kg/2wk, patients receiving vedolizumab were receiving a mean dose of 10.5mg/kg/8wks. Mean dose of infliximab among CD patients increased from 8.1mg/kg/8wk at first maintenance dose to 9.6mg/kg/8wk at 1-year from first maintenance dose. Conclusion These results highlight the biologic maintenance dose changes among pediatric UC and CD patients. TNF inhibitors remain the most commonly used class of biologic, but the doses being used are double the standard dosing guidelines. There is little evidence of dose reduction over time among pediatric UC and CD patients in the ICN registry.

Herbal Drug Interactions

2017 ◽  
pp. 201-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mymoona Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interaction ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Herbal Drug ◽  
Herbal Therapy ◽  
Alternative Medicines ◽  
Regulatory Bodies

Use of complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) for preventive and therapeutic purposes has increased tremendously in the last two decades internationally. The manufacturers of these products are not required to submit proof of safety or efficacy to the Food and Drug Administration. As a result, the adverse effects and drug interactions associated with them are largely unknown. In this chapter, the author presents interactions of herbal medicines with other medicines (herbal or non-herbal). A large number of herbal drugs, including from single drug to a variety of mixtures have been used to treat kidney disorders. Herb-herb or herb drug interaction has been reported intensively during last decade, therefore it becomes important to keep an eye on the use of combination herbal therapy in order to avoid serious results because of interactions with each other. Due to the growing awareness about the interactions and side effects of herbal drugs/supplements over the past few years, regulatory bodies are working on these issues and pharmacopoeias are being developed for reference.

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