scholarly journals SURVEY TECHNIQUES/PROCEDURES AND DATA PROCESSING FOR MONITORING NEARSHORE SEDIMENT TRANSPORT

1982 ◽  
Vol 1 (18) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
J. Zacks
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Surf Zone ◽  
Survey Techniques ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bed Elevation ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Survey Error ◽  
Nearshore Sediment Transport ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Cost

The cost of many coastal projects is often increased by the expensive beach repair and maintenance required to remedy the destabilising effects of structures on the adjoining coastline. Physical and/or mathematical models have been developed for use in planning these projects in order to predict and quantify the effects of marine sediment transport on the coastal topography. Such models need to be calibrated against prototype data and one method of gauging volumetric sediment movement is by successive bathymetric/ topographic profiting surveys which are performed seasonally and annually. Since large quantities of sediment are related to small changes in bed elevation it is clear that this profiling needs to be done with the utmost precision* The areas most affected extend from the beach through the surf zone to water depths of about 25 metres. The surf zone in particular is a dynamic and hostile area which falls outside the traditional activities of both the hydrographic and land surveyors. Consequently innovative methods, deficient in sound survey principle and practice, have often been pursued in this area without any attempt being made to assess the tolerance on the data. This paper attempts to show that it is possible to produce reliable and verifiable results to the required accuracy by using conventional survey equipment and techniques, also by taking the necessary precautions against the many possible sources of survey error. The procedures and techniques described have evolved from NRIO's involvement over the past decade in major projects at Richards Bay, Durban, Koeberg and in False Bay. The results of a recent verification investigation are fully reported in this paper.

Developments in Pipeline Instrumentation

1987 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
R A Furness
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
The Past ◽  
Control Equipment ◽  
Pipeline Monitoring ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Cost ◽  
New Generation ◽  
And Control

Pipelines are an integral part of the world's economy and literally billions of pounds worth of fluids are moved each year in pipelines of varying lengths and diameters. As the cost of some of these fluids and the price of moving them has increased, so the need to measure the flows more accurately and control and operate the line more effectively has arisen. Instrumentation and control equipment has developed steadily in the past decade but not as fast as the computers and microprocessors that are now a part of most large scale pipeline systems. It is the interfacing of the new generation of digital and sometimes ‘intelligent’ instrumentation with smaller and more powerful computers that has led to a quiet but rapid revolution in pipeline monitoring and control. This paper looks at the more significant developments from the many that have appeared in the past few years and attempts to project future trends in the industry for the next decade.

scholarly journals THE NEARSHORE SEDIMENT TRANSPORT STUDY

1978 ◽  
Vol 1 (16) ◽  
pp. 92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Seymour ◽  
David B. Duane
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Surf Zone ◽  
Coastal Engineering ◽  
Predictive Tools ◽  
Transport Study ◽  
Sediment Size ◽  
Forcing Function ◽  
Nearshore Sediment Transport ◽  
Waves And Currents

The models for predicting longshore transport of sediment along straight coastlines that are presently in general use were derived empirically from very sparse measurements of both the forcing function (waves and currents) and the response function (sediment motions). A detailed treatment of these data sets is contained in Greer and Madsen (1978). In addition to the generally unsatisfactory nature of the basic measurements upon which they were based, the models may be deficient because they fail to employ such potentially significant factors as wind stress, sediment size distribution, bottom slope and spatial variations in waves and currents, including the effects of rip currents. Although these models have served certain engineering needs, there is a strong measure of uncertainty in the coastal engineering community about their general applicability. Certainly, because they are empirical rather than physically reasoned models, there is no rational means for extending their usefulness to predicting transport where coastlines are not straight -- such as the case of a tidal inlet. The economic impact of sediment transport in the nearshore regime is enormous and the need for improved predictive tools appears to be universally accepted. To be most useful, these improved models must be globally applicable. This implies very strongly that they must be based upon a thorough understanding of surf zone dynamics and the details of the response of the sediment. The surf zone flow fields are highly complex and nonlinear, implying an equally complex and difficult system of sediment responses. Characterizing the entire forcing and response functions simultaneously requires large and expensive field measurement programs that greatly exceed the present state of the art of measurement and analysis.' The approach of the last two decades of single investigators working at laboratory scale or in the ocean with a few single point measurements would not appear to ever meet these needs. However, the present costs for coastal dredging and shoreline protection, which can be measured in billions of dollars on a world scale, argue for a major undertaking to develop better predictive tools. In an attempt to satisfy these needs, an ad hoc group was formed at the Fifteenth Coastal Engineering Conference in Honolulu to plan a large scale and coordinated series of investigations leading to improved sediment transport predictive models. Less than a year later, the Nearshore Sediment Transport Study was initiated under the sponsorship of the Office of Sea Grant.

On Future Directions in Pathology

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 274-277
Author(s):  
Benjamin F. Trump ◽  
Irene K. Berezesky ◽  
Raymond T. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Diagnostic Pathology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Many

The role of electron microscopy and associated techniques is assured in diagnostic pathology. At the present time, most of the progress has been made on tissues examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and correlated with light microscopy (LM) and by cytochemistry using both plastic and paraffin-embedded materials. As mentioned elsewhere in this symposium, this has revolutionized many fields of pathology including diagnostic, anatomic and clinical pathology. It began with the kidney; however, it has now been extended to most other organ systems and to tumor diagnosis in general. The results of the past few years tend to indicate the future directions and needs of this expanding field. Now, in addition to routine EM, pathologists have access to the many newly developed methods and instruments mentioned below which should aid considerably not only in diagnostic pathology but in investigative pathology as well.

A 200-Year History of the Study of Childhood Language Disorders of Unknown Origin: Changes in Terminology

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence B. Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairment ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Language Disorders ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Developmental Language Disorder ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many

Purpose The current “specific language impairment” and “developmental language disorder” discussion might lead to important changes in how we refer to children with language disorders of unknown origin. The field has seen other changes in terminology. This article reviews many of these changes. Method A literature review of previous clinical labels was conducted, and possible reasons for the changes in labels were identified. Results References to children with significant yet unexplained deficits in language ability have been part of the scientific literature since, at least, the early 1800s. Terms have changed from those with a neurological emphasis to those that do not imply a cause for the language disorder. Diagnostic criteria have become more explicit but have become, at certain points, too narrow to represent the wider range of children with language disorders of unknown origin. Conclusions The field was not well served by the many changes in terminology that have transpired in the past. A new label at this point must be accompanied by strong efforts to recruit its adoption by clinical speech-language pathologists and the general public.

Measuring the cost of environmental compliance for Waikato dairy farmers - a survey approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
T.O.R. Macdonald ◽  
J.S. Rowarth ◽  
F.G. Scrimgeour
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Environmental Compliance ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Farm Systems ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Farm System ◽  
Survey Approach

The link between dairy farm systems and cost of environmental compliance is not always clear. A survey of Waikato dairy farmers was conducted to establish the real (non-modelled) cost of compliance with environmental regulation in the region. Quantitative and qualitative data were gathered to improve understanding of compliance costs and implementation issues for a range of Waikato farm systems. The average oneoff capital cost of compliance determined through a survey approach was $1.02 per kg milksolids, $1490 per hectare and $403 per cow. Costs experienced by Waikato farmers have exceeded average economic farm surplus for the region in the past 5 years. As regulation increases there are efficiencies to be gained through implementing farm infrastructure and farm management practice to best match farm system intensity. Keywords: Dairy, compliance, farm systems, nitrogen, Waikato

The Many Pasts of Detective Fiction

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-172
Author(s):  
Thomas Leitch
Keyword(s):  
Detective Fiction ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Public History ◽  
Detective Novel ◽  
Sherlock Holmes ◽  
Detective Story ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Detective Novels ◽  
The Many

Building on Tzvetan Todorov's observation that the detective novel ‘contains not one but two stories: the story of the crime and the story of the investigation’, this essay argues that detective novels display a remarkably wide range of attitudes toward the several pasts they represent: the pasts of the crime, the community, the criminal, the detective, and public history. It traces a series of defining shifts in these attitudes through the evolution of five distinct subgenres of detective fiction: exploits of a Great Detective like Sherlock Holmes, Golden Age whodunits that pose as intellectual puzzles to be solved, hardboiled stories that invoke a distant past that the present both breaks with and echoes, police procedurals that unfold in an indefinitely extended present, and historical mysteries that nostalgically fetishize the past. It concludes with a brief consideration of genre readers’ own ambivalent phenomenological investment in the past, present, and future each detective story projects.

Application of remote sensing technology to the relation of submarine pipelines and coastal morphology

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
Y. Yüksel ◽  
D. Maktav ◽  
S. Kapdasli
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Surf Zone ◽  
Hydrodynamic Forces ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
Coastal Morphology ◽  
Remote Sensing Technology ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Sea Bed

Submarine pipelines must be designed to resist wave and current induced hydrodynamic forces especially in and near the surf zone. They are buried as protection against forces in the surf zone, however this procedure is not always feasible particularly on a movable sea bed. For this reason the characteristics of the sediment transport on the construction site of beaches should be investigated. In this investigation, the application of the remote sensing method is introduced in order to determine and observe the coastal morphology, so that submarine pipelines may be protected against undesirable seabed movement.

Attraction of prey

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Horner ◽  
Bartosz J. Płachno ◽  
Ulrike Bauer ◽  
Bruno Di Giusto
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cues ◽  
Synergistic Action ◽  
Carnivorous Plants ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Acoustic Cues ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Prey Attraction

The ability to attract prey has long been considered a universal trait of carnivorous plants. We review studies from the past 25 years that have investigated the mechanisms by which carnivorous plants attract prey to their traps. Potential attractants include nectar, visual, olfactory, and acoustic cues. Each of these has been well documented to be effective in various species, but prey attraction is not ubiquitous among carnivorous plants. Directions for future research, especially in native habitats in the field, include: the qualitative and quantitative analysis of visual cues, volatiles, and nectar; temporal changes in attractants; synergistic action of combinations of attractants; the cost of attractants; and responses to putative attractants in electroantennograms and insect behavioral tests.

Law as a Field of Tension

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Gamberini
Keyword(s):  
Public Authority ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Cultures ◽  
The Many

As it had been in the communal age, so, in the Visconti-Sforza era, law was the instrument that the public authority relied upon in order to subordinate the many actors present and to subjugate their political cultures. There is, therefore, the attempt to tighten a vice around competing powers—a vice that is at the same time legislative, doctrinal, and judicial. And yet, it is difficult to escape the impression of an effort whose outcomes were somewhat more uncertain than had been the case in the past. The chapter focuses on all these aspects of the deployment of legal and other stratagems to consolidate or to wrest power.

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