scholarly journals DESIGN OF A COASTAL PROTECTION SCHEME FOR ADA AT THE VOLTA-RIVER MOUTH (GHANA)

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (32) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Bollen ◽  
Koen Trouw ◽  
Frederik Lerouge ◽  
Vincent Gruwez ◽  
Annelies Bolle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Coastal Erosion ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Protection Scheme ◽  
The Town

The coastal town Ada in Ghana is threaded by a severe coastal erosion. A protection scheme has to be designed to protect the town. Since the area is ecologically important, e.a. due to the presence of turtles, both during the design process and during the construction phase actions to diminish possible negative effects have to be considered. The design is supported by measuring campaigns and numerical modeling of the currents, waves and morphology

scholarly journals SWASH MODELLING OF A COASTAL PROTECTION SCHEME

2017 ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Mark Klein ◽  
Andrew Symonds ◽  
Marcel Zijlema ◽  
Dan Messiter ◽  
Michael Dufour
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Coastal Processes ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Protection Scheme ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

The Beresford shoreline, Australia, is subject to a complex interaction of coastal processes and associated erosion. In support of the design of a coastal protection scheme a SWASH model has been set up capable of accounting for all the complex processes at hand. The model has successfully been validated against measured wave and current conditions. In the design process the validated SWASH model proved to be a valuable tool to assess the impact of various coastal protection schemes like groynes on the wave-driven current patterns and associated sediment pathways.

scholarly journals Shoreline Changes and Coastal Erosion: The Case Study of the Coast of Togo (Bight of Benin, West Africa Margin)

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Francesco Guerrera ◽  
Manuel Martín-Martín ◽  
Mario Tramontana ◽  
Bertin Nimon ◽  
Kossi Essotina Kpémoua
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Coastal Erosion ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Inert Material ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Potential Development ◽  
Coastal Strip

The coastal strip between the Volta River delta and the westernmost portion of Benin (West Africa Margin of Atlantic Basin) is highly populated (e.g., Lomé) due to migrations from inland areas. The coastal zone has proved to be very vulnerable because of the potential development of sometimes catastrophic events related to different and interacting causes, resulting in negative effects on natural ecosystems and socio-economic conditions. The main problem is the marked erosion of large coastal sectors with maximum retreat rates of the order of 5 m/year. The continuous loss of territory leads to a progressive impoverishment of activities and human resources and to the increase of geological risk factors. The coastal erosion is induced both by natural and anthropic causes and can be controlled only by means of prevention programs, detailed scientific studies and targeted technical interventions. The main erosional processes observed in the study area are triggered by the presence of the Lomé port and other human activities on the coastal strip, including the water extraction from the subsoil, which induces subsidence and the use of sediments as inert material. These elements, together with the reduction of the solid supply from Volta River (caused by the realization of the Akosombo dam) are among the main factors that control the medium and long-term evolution of the area. Also relative sea level changes, which take into account also tectonic and/or isostatic components, can contribute to the process. In order to have a real understanding of the coastal dynamics and evolution, it would be necessary to develop a scientific structure through the collaboration of all countries of the Bight of Benin affected by coastal erosion. The aim should be primarily to collect the interdisciplinary quantitative data necessary to develop a scientific knowledge background of the Bight of Benin coastal/ocean system. In conclusion, some proposals are presented to reduce the vulnerability of the coastal area as for example to plan surveys for the realization of appropriate coastal protection works, such as walls, revetments, groins, etc. A possible expansion of the port of Lomè is also considered. Proposals comprise the constitution of a Supranational Scientific Committee as a coordinating structure on erosion for both the study of phenomena and planning interventions.

VARIAÇÃO MORFOSSEDIMENTAR DO SETOR EXTREMO OESTE DA PRAIA DO ICARAÍ, CAUCAIA-CE

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 364-380
Author(s):  
Antônio Emanuel dos' Santos Silva ◽  
Matheus Silveira Pinheiro ◽  
Davis Pereira de Paula
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Coastal Erosion ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Dune System ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Methodological Procedures ◽  
Sociedad Civil

Ambientalmente as dunas frontais constituem estruturas verdes de proteção costeira contra o avanço do mar, em muitos casos, são responsáveis pela manutenção do equilíbrio sedimentar do sistema praia-duna, impedindo que processos como a erosão costeira e a inundação marinha se tornem danosos a sociedade civil e ao patrimônio construído. O objetivo deste estudo foi monitorar as variações morfológicas e sedimentares do sistema praia-duna entre os anos de 2016 e 2018, no trecho extremo oeste da Praia do Icaraí, através da determinação das taxas granulométricas, volumétricas e morfológicas do sistema praia-duna na Praia do Icaraí. Os procedimentos metodológicos foram divididos em três etapas principais: levantamento bibliográfico, geocartográfico e experimentos de campo. Considerou-se que as forçantes oceanográficas foram as principais responsáveis pela erosão e solapamento das dunas frontais presentes na área de estudo. Em linhas gerais, os resultados deste trabalho significam um importante instrumento de análise dos impactos das condicionantes oceanográficas e antrópicas sobre uma praia que sofre de erosão costeira acentuada. O estudo em um trecho mais preservado dessa praia indicou de forma direta os impactos sofridos em um litoral que vem passando por transformações contínuas em suas praias, como é o caso do litoral de Caucaia.Palavras-chave: Morfodinâmica; Sistema Praial; Dunas Frontais. ABSTRACTEnvironmentally the frontal dunes constitute green structures of coastal protection against the advance of the sea, in many cases, they are responsible for the maintenance of the sedimentary balance of the beach-dune system, preventing that processes such as coastal erosion and marine flooding become harmful to civil society and built heritage. The objective of this study was to monitor the morphological and sedimentary variations of the beach-dune system between the years 2016 and 2018, in the extreme west section of Icaraí Beach, by determining the granulometric, volumetric and morphological rates of the beach-dune system in Praia of Icaraí. The methodological procedures were divided into three main stages: bibliographic survey, geocartographic and field experiments. It was considered that the oceanographic forcings were the main responsible for the erosion and overlap of the frontal dunes present in the study area. In general terms, the results of this work represent an important instrument for analyzing the impacts of oceanographic and anthropogenic conditions on a beach that suffers from marked coastal erosion. The study in a more preserved stretch of this beach indicated in a direct way the impacts suffered on a coast that has undergone continuous transformations in its beaches, as is the case of the coast of Caucaia.Keywords: Morphodynamics; Praial System; Fore Dunes. RESUMENAmbientalmente, las dunas frontales son estructuras verdes de protección costera contra el avance del mar. En muchos casos, son responsables de mantener el equilibrio sedimentario del sistema de dunas de playa, evitando que procesos como la erosión costera y las inundaciones marinas dañen a la sociedad civil. y el patrimonio construido. El objetivo de este estudio fue monitorear las variaciones morfológicas y sedimentarias del sistema de dunas de playa entre 2016 y 2018, en el extremo occidental de Praia do Icaraí, determinando el tamaño de partícula, las tasas volumétricas y morfológicas del sistema de dunas de playa en Praia de Icaraí Los procedimientos metodológicos se dividieron en tres etapas principales: estudio bibliográfico, geocartográfico y experimentos de campo. El forzamiento oceanográfico se consideró el principal responsable de la erosión y el debilitamiento de las dunas frontales presentes en el área de estudio. En general, los resultados de este trabajo representan un instrumento importante para analizar los impactos de las condiciones oceanográficas y antropogénicas en una playa que sufre una severa erosión costera. El estudio en un tramo más preservado de esta playa indicó directamente los impactos sufridos en una costa que ha sufrido cambios continuos en sus playas, como es el caso de la costa de Caucaia.Palabras claves: Morfodinámica; Sistema de playa; Dunas frontales.

The Tiber river delta plain (central Italy): Coastal evolution and implications for the ancient Ostia Roman settlement

The Holocene ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 1105-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bellotti ◽  
G. Calderoni ◽  
F. Di Rita ◽  
M. D’Orefice ◽  
C. D’Amico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Italy ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Delta Plain ◽  
Tiber River ◽  
Military Posts ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
The Town

Geomorphologic, stratigraphic, faunistic, palynological and carbon isotope analyses were carried out in the area of the Tiber river mouth. The results depict a complex palaeoenvironmental evolution in the area of the Roman town of Ostia, ascertain the changes of the Tiber river delta over the last 6000 years and support a re-interpretation of some archaeologic issues. The wave-dominated Tiber delta evolved through three distinct phases. In the first step (5000–2700 yr BP) a delta cusp was built at the river mouth, which was located north of the present outlet. Subsequently (2700–1900 BP), an abrupt southward migration of the river mouth determined the abandonment of the previous cusp and the progradation of a new one. The third step, which is still in progress, is marked by the appearance of a complex cusp made up of two distributary channels. The transition from the first to the second evolution phase occurred in the seventh century bc and was contemporary to the foundation of Ostia, as suggested by historical accounts. However, the oldest archaeological evidence of the town of Ostia dates to the fourth century bc, when human activity is clearly recorded also by pollen data. We suggest that the first human settlement (seventh century bc) consisted of ephemeral military posts, with the aim of controlling the strategic river mouth and establishing the Ostia saltworks. Only after the fourth century bc the coastal environment was stable enough for the foundation and development of the town of Ostia.

scholarly journals GUIDELINES FOR DESIGNING SAND NOURISHMENT ON LOW TO VERY EXPOSED COASTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Henrik Vinge Karlsson ◽  
Britt Gadesboll Larsen ◽  
Per Sorensen
Keyword(s):  
Natural Variation ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Protection Scheme ◽  
Coastal Cliff ◽  
Sand Nourishment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Privately Owned ◽  
Insight Into

Danish law establishes a common right of passage on foot along the Danish shoreline, even though beaches are often privately owned. The law also states that coastal protection must not hinder this. Therefore, sand nourishment should be part of every coastal protection scheme against erosion. Sand nourishments can be designed in numerous ways depending on their objectives. As part of the European Interreg project, Building With Nature (BWN), guidelines will be developed by the Danish Coastal Authority (DCA) in end-2020. This abstract presents these guidelines with special focus on the coasts of Denmark. Special emphasis will be on insight into the natural variation of the coasts, as this is vital both when designing effective coastal protection schemes and when evaluating the impact of the nourishment. In this project, the pathway along which sediment is being transported spans from offshore at the outer bar to the coastal cliff. The aim is to be able to determine the along- and cross-shore paths, along which the nourishment sand is transported, the diffusion velocity of the nourishment and the impact on the surrounding coasts. Based on the results of the multiple analysis, the primary objective is to produce guidelines on how to use sand nourishment to counteract erosion in a sustainable and socioeconomic way.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/nIrFFmH98V8

Estimate of Storm Induced Beach Erosion Through the ETS Approach

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosaria E. Musumeci ◽  
Carla Faraci ◽  
Felice Arena ◽  
Enrico Foti
Keyword(s):  
Return Period ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Coastal Erosion ◽  
Beach Erosion ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Shoreline Retreat ◽  
Submerged Breakwater ◽  
The One

In the present paper the risk of beach erosion is evaluated by applying the Equivalent Triangular Storm (ETS). The selected case study is ‘La Plaja’ beach located in the South of Catania, Sicily. The proposed approach has shown that when the ETS model is applied, a shoreline retreat has been found which on average overestimates the one obtained by means of actual storm data of about 35%. The model has been applied for the determination of the return period of shoreline recession due to beach erosion during extreme events in order to recover risk maps, which can provide useful information in the planning of coastal interventions. Finally the model has been applied to predict the shoreline retreat in the presence of a submerged breakwater, confirming that the introduction of such coastal protection work strongly limits the risk of coastal erosion.

scholarly journals Dificuldades no estabelecimento da amamentação: visão das enfermeiras atuantes nas unidades básicas de saúde [Difficulties in establishing breastfeeding: view of nurses working in primary care facilities] [Dificultades para establecer la lactancia: visión de las enfermeras de unidades básicas de salud]

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. e14448
Author(s):  
Carmen Carballo Dominguez ◽  
Nalú Pereira da Costa Kerber ◽  
Jamila Vasquez Rockembach ◽  
Lulie Rosane Odeh Susin ◽  
Taimara Martins Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
Ethics Committee ◽  
Primary Health Care System ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
La Red ◽  
The Town

Objetivo: conhecer, sob a ótica das enfermeiras da Rede Básica de Atenção à Saúde, as dificuldades para o estabelecimento do Aleitamento Materno. Método: estudo qualitativo, realizado com 47 enfermeiras, em 2012, por meio de entrevistas. Os dados foram analisados a partir do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. A pesquisa teve anuência do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa na Área da Saúde, da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, com Parecer nº 184/2011. Resultados: no processo de análise, quatro ideias centrais foram identificadas: as enfermeiras estão despreparadas para orientar adequadamente as mães para o Aleitamento Materno; as crenças e a participação da rede social da mulher podem colaborar para o desmame precoce; o uso de mamadeira e chupeta interfere no Aleitamento Materno, a técnica inadequada traz consequências negativas e interfere no estabelecimento do Aleitamento Materno. Conclusão: as crenças da comunidade, desatualização profissional e a técnica inadequada, exercem influência nas condutas relacionadas à amamentação.ABSTRACT: Objective: to examine the difficulties in establishing breastfeeding, from the perspective of nurses in the primary health care system in the town of Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul. Method: in this qualitative study, 47 nurses in Rio Grande were interviewed in 2012. Data were analyzed on the basis of Collective Subject Discourse. The study was approved by the health research ethics committee of Rio Grande Federal University (opinion No. 184/2011). Results: analysis identified four central ideas: PHC nurses are unprepared to give mothers proper guidance on breastfeeding; women’s beliefs and participation in social networks may contribute to early weaning; use of feeding bottles and pacifiers interferes with breastfeeding; and inappropriate technique has negative effects and interferes with efforts to establish breastfeeding. Conclusion: community beliefs, outdated skills, and inappropriate technique influence breastfeeding-related behavior.RESUMEN:Objetivo: conocer, bajo la óptica de las enfermeras de la Red Básica de Atención a la Salud, las dificultades para establecer la Lactancia Materna. Método: estudio cualitativo, realizado junto a 47 enfermeras, en 2012, por medio de entrevistas. Los datos fueron analizados a partir del Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo. La investigación tuvo anuencia del Comité de Ética en Investigación en el Área de la Salud, de la Universidad Federal de Rio Grande, con el Dictamen nº 184/2011. Resultados: en el proceso de análisis, cuatro ideas centrales fueron identificadas: las enfermeras no están preparadas para orientar adecuadamente a las madres en cuanto a la Lactancia Materna; las creencias y la participación de la red social de la mujer pueden colaborar para el destete precoz; el uso de biberón y chupete interfiere en la Lactancia Materna, la técnica inadecuada trae consecuencias negativas e interfiere en el establecimiento de la Lactancia Materna. Conclusión: las creencias de la comunidad, desactualización profesional y la técnica inadecuada ejercen influencia en las conductas relacionadas a la lactancia. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/reuerj.2017.14448

scholarly journals Coastal morphological changes in the Red River Delta under increasing natural and anthropic stresses

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daidu Fan ◽  
Dac Ve Nguyen ◽  
Jianfeng Su ◽  
Vuong Van Bui ◽  
Dinh Lan Tran
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Erosion ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Red River ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Red River Delta ◽  
Sediment Redistribution

River deltas are the best place to study intense human–earth interactions and the resultant morphological changes and sedimentary records. The coastal evolution history of the Red River Delta (RRD) is examined by time-series analysis of multiple coastline locations. We find that spatiotemporal variation in seawall locations and vegetation lines are obviously site-specific due to intense human interference, while changes in 0 m isobaths are highly dependent on external stresses. Coastal erosion and deposition patterns are determined firstly by sediment inputs from different distributaries, and secondly by sediment redistribution with tides, waves, and longshore currents. The causes of chronic erosion along the Hai Hau coast include swift distributary channels, negligible sediment supply by the regional longshore current, and continuous sediment export by local wave-generated longshore and offshore currents. The area of intertidal flats decreased significantly due to land reclamation and decelerating coastal accretion. The area of mangrove forests decreased first due to human deforestation, and then increased gradually due to artificial plantation. Poorly designed coastal infrastructures may increase risks of coastal erosion and flooding disasters. More coastal sectors in the RRD may turn into erosion due to continuous decrease in riverine sediment discharges, deserving more attention on proper coastal protection and management.

Limits on nature-based solutions for coastal adaptation based on climate change indicators

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosanne Martyr-Koller ◽  
Tabea Lissner ◽  
Carl-Friedrich Schleussner
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Coastal Erosion ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Coastal Adaptation ◽  
Loss And Damage ◽  
And Sea Level

<p>Climate impacts increase with higher warming and evidence is mounting that impacts increase strongly above 1.5°C. Therefore, adaptation needs also rise substantially at higher warming levels. Further<strong>, </strong>limits to adaptation will be reached above 1.5°C and loss and damage will be inferred. Coastal Nature-based Solutions (NbS) have arisen as popular adaptation options, particularly for coastal developing economies and Small Island Developing States (SIDS), because of their lower overall costs compared to traditional grey infrastructure approaches such as seawalls and levees; their economic co-benefits through positive effects on sectors such as tourism and fisheries; and a broader desire to shift toward so-called blue economies. Two NbS of particular interest for coastal protection are: 1) coral reefs, which reduce coastal erosion and flooding through wave attenuation; and 2) mangroves, which provide protection from storms, tsunamis and coastal erosion. Although there is international enthusiasm to implement these solutions, there is limited understanding of the future viability of these ecosystems, particularly in their capacities as coastal adaptation service providers, in a warmer world.</p><p>In this presentation, we highlight how long and with how much coverage coral and mangrove ecosystems can provide coastal protection services for future climate scenarios, using air temperature and sea level rise as climate change indicators. A mathematical model for each ecosystem is developed, based on the physical parameters necessary for the sustainability of these ecosystems. We investigate the protective capabilities of each ecosystem under warming and sea level rise scenarios compatible with: below 1.5°C warming; below 2°C warming; warming based on current global commitments to carbon emissions reductions (3-3.5°C); and with no carbon mitigation (6°C). Results show what temperature and sea level rise values beyond which these ecosystems can no longer provide coastal protective services. These results have also been framed in a temporal window to show when these services may not be feasible, beyond which more costly adaptation measures and/or loss and damage may be incurred.</p>

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