scholarly journals THE GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION OF UNDER AS A HEAD OF PROTASIS: FROM SPATIAL SENSES TO GRAMMATICAL FUNCTIONS

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-190
Author(s):  
NAOKI OTANI ◽  
FUMINO HORIUCHI
Keyword(s):  
Grammatical Function ◽  
Grammatical Functions

De Verwerving van Morfologische Regels in Schrift

1998 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 87-100
Author(s):  
Marjolein van Dort-Slijper ◽  
Gert Rijlaarsdam ◽  
Maaike Ditzel
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Production Task ◽  
Grammatical Function ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
Stressed Syllable ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Grammatical Functions

In order to provide authors of text books with empirical data on the acquisition in Dutch of written morphology in nouns, verbs and adjectives, several empirical studies were undertaken. In this article, the second study is reported on the performance of the morpheme -en in a special case of adjectives in Dutch: material adjectives such as 'gouden' (gold). The study tried to determine factors which affect the performance in reading and writing. Factors involved were two interference factors (plural in adjacent nouns; normal adjectives), cognitive task (comprehension versus writing) and two syntactic factors (grammatical function and position in the sentence of the constituent. Subjects (n=80, grades 6 and 7, from four schools) individually completed a comprehension and a production task in which factors were systematically varied. No effects of cognitive task were observed. Therefore only results for the production task were reported in detail. It turned out that material adjectives were more difficult than normal adjectives, and that within the category of material adjectives two subcategories should be distinguished, the easier one in which the morpheme is preceded by a stressed syllable as in 'gouden', and the more difficult one in which this is not the case, as in 'zilveren'. Of the two syntactic factors, only the grammatical function seems to affect the performance: adjectives in constituents with subject function were more difficult than adjectives with other grammatical functions; interactions between group and category of adjectives were found. Of the two interference factors, both factors seemed to affect performance.

scholarly journals Nominal juxtaposition in Australian languages: An LFG analysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
LOUISA SADLER ◽  
RACHEL NORDLINGER
Keyword(s):  
Grammatical Function ◽  
Functional Grammar ◽  
Lexical Functional Grammar ◽  
Theoretical Literature ◽  
Syntactic Similarity ◽  
Australian Languages ◽  
Grammatical Functions

It is well known that Australian languages make heavy use of nominal juxtaposition in a wide variety of functions, but there is little discussion in the theoretical literature of how such juxtapositions should be analysed. We discuss a range of data from Australian languages illustrating how multiple nominals share a single grammatical function within the clause. We argue that such constructions should be treated syntactically as set-valued grammatical functions in Lexical-Functional Grammar (LFG). Sets as values for functions are well-established in LFG and are used in the representation of adjuncts, and also in the representation of coordination. In many Australian languages, coordination is expressed asyndetically, that is, by nominal juxtaposition with no overt coordinator at all. We argue that the syntactic similarity of all juxtaposed constructions (ranging from coordination through a number of more appositional relations) motivates an analysis in which they are treated similarly in the syntax, but suitably distinguished in the semantics. We show how this can be achieved within LFG, providing a unified treatment of the syntax of juxtaposition in Australian languages and showing how the interface to the semantics can be quite straightforwardly defined in the modular LFG approach.

scholarly journals INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE IN MINANGKABAU LANGUAGE: X-BAR THEORY

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-200
Author(s):  
Dian Zelina Fitriyani ◽  
Dian Zelina Fitriyani
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Grammatical Function ◽  
Generative Syntax ◽  
Distributional Method ◽  
Interrogative Sentence ◽  
Grammatical Functions

This study discusses the grammatical function of the question words and the internal structure of interrogative sentence in Minangkabau language. The study of this interrogative sentence structure applies X-bar theory as one of the generative syntax subtheories. The data is gained from the interview of Minangkabau language native speaker and analysed by using the distributional method. The result of the analysis shows that the question words for wh-question has two grammatical functions, specifier and complement. For yes-no question, the question word “iyonyo” has one grammatical function, that is complement. The internal structure of interrogative sentence in Minangkabau language is constructed by specifier, complement, and adverb. Key words: interrogative sentence, question word, Minangkabau language

Satzgliedfunktionen im Deutschen: eine realistische Weiterentwicklung

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Neef
Keyword(s):  
Axiomatic Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Grammatical Function ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Grammatical Functions

AbstractThe concept of grammatical functions has a long and changeful history. It is used in many different theoretical approaches, not least in the grammar that underlies school instruction. However, several problems and inconsistencies are connected with this concept. These problems can be solved if definitions of the individual grammatical functions are homogeneously grounded in formal criteria instead of making recourse to semantics. In this article, an axiomatic approach of this kind is presented which is couched in terms of the paradigm of Linguistic Realism. The set of definitions given affords a basis for the unambiguous analysis of (German) sentences. At the same time, the traditionally distinct concepts of grammatical functions on the one hand and valency of verbs on the other can be merged into a uniform concept. Crucial in this context is a reevaluation of the grammatical function ‘adverbial’.

Argument structure and mapping theory

2019 ◽  
pp. 322-365
Author(s):  
Mary Dalrymple ◽  
John J. Lowe ◽  
Louise Mycock
Keyword(s):  
Argument Structure ◽  
Grammatical Function ◽  
Complex Predicates ◽  
Thematic Roles ◽  
Locative Inversion ◽  
Mapping Theory ◽  
Grammatical Functions

This chapter explores argument structure and its relation to syntax, particularly concentrating on its role in determining the grammatical functions of the semantic arguments of a predicate. The chapter examines different views of the representation and content of argument structure, and outlines the theory of the relation between thematic roles and grammatical functions. The first five sections explore issues relating to the theory of argument structure, including grammatical function alternations (Section 9.3) and argument selection and classification (Sections 9.4 and 9.5). The next four sections focus on the analysis of some important phenomena: the active/passive alternation (Section 9.6), impersonal predication (Section 9.7), locative inversion (Section 9.8), and complex predicates (Section 9.9). Further issues relating to grammatical functions and argument structure, including gradient distinctions and optionality, are considered in Section 9.10.

scholarly journals GRAMATICAL FUNCTIONS IN INDONESIAN RELATIVE CLAUSES IN FOREIGN STUDENTS’ WRITING

Humanus ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Anggun Melati Sari ◽  
Andayani Andayani ◽  
Sumarlam Sumarlam
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Relative Clauses ◽  
Degree Program ◽  
Grammatical Function ◽  
Academic Degree ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Foreign Speakers ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia ◽  
Grammatical Functions

This study aims to describe the grammatical function of the Indonesian relative clauses found on the foreign students' academic degree program at Technical Manager Unit Language (UPTBahasa) University SebelasMaret Surakarta. Data used in the form of writing, the sentences in the written essays of foreign students contained relative clauses. The techniques of data analysis use apportion method and advanced techniques of apportion method. The result of this study shows that the process of relativizationthat occurs in Indonesian can only relate the subject function. As the development of linguistics, the process of relativizationalso occurs in the object. Relativization on object will be accepted when it is altered through the passage process. In addition, the process of relativizationthat occurs can be through the steps, namely the obliteration strategy. The obliteration strategy serves to dissipate the nominative which relating its relative clauses. This research has concluded that the relativizationprocess of relative clauses in Indonesian only occurs in the subject. Then, the most frequently usedrelativizationin Indonesian is the obliteration strategy.Keywords: Indonesian for foreign speakers, grammatical functions, strategy obliteration, relative clausesFUNGSI GRAMATIKAL DALAM KLAUSA RELATIF BAHASA INDONESIA PADA KARANGAN MAHASISWA ASINGAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan tentang fungsi gramatikal klausa relatif bahasa Indonesia yang ditemukan pada karangan mahasiswa asing program darmasiswa level akademik di UPT Bahasa Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta. Data yang digunakan berupa data tulis, yakni kalimat-kalimat dalam karangan mahasiswa asing yang didalamnya terdapat klausa relatif. Teknik analisis data menggunakan metode agih dan teknik lanjutan dari metode agih. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa proses perelatifan yang terjadi dalam bahasa Indonesia hanya dapat merelatifkan fungsi subjek. Seiring perkembangan ilmu kebahasaan, proses perelatifan terjadi juga pada objek. Perelatifan pada objek akan berterima apabila diubah melalui proses pemasifan. Selain itu, proses perelatifan yang terjadi dapat melalui langkah-langkah, yakni strategi obliteration. Strategi obliteration berfungsi untuk melesapkan nomina yang direlatifkan dalam klausa relatifnya. Penelitian ini memeroleh simpulan bahwa proses perelatifan klausa relatif dalam bahasa Indonesia hanya terjadi pada subjek. Kemudian, strategi perelatifan dalam bahasa Indonesia yang sering digunakan adalah strategi obliteration. Kata Kunci: bahasa Indonesia bagi penutur asing, fungsi gramatikal, strategi obliteration, klausa relatif

The role of grammar in spelling homophonous regular verbs

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-80
Author(s):  
Robert J. P. M. Chamalaun ◽  
Anna M. T. Bosman ◽  
Mirjam T. C. Ernestus
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Grammatical Function ◽  
Grammatical Knowledge ◽  
Spelling Errors ◽  
Target Form ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Secondary School Pupils ◽  
Grammatical Functions

Abstract Can a lack of grammatical knowledge alone be held accountable for the spelling errors that are made for homophonous verb forms and do these errors occur because spellers do not apply their grammatical knowledge? Three experiments with secondary school pupils were conducted on Dutch weak prefix verbs. The results confirmed that pupils made many spelling errors and also have great problems identifying the verb forms’ functions. Moreover, a direct correlation was revealed between a pupil’s identification of the form’s grammatical function and its spelling. These results indicate that many errors result from pupils’ inability to determine the grammatical functions of the forms. If pupils know the form’s function, they are more likely to also spell the form correctly. If they do not, they often choose the form’s homophone, especially if the homophone is more frequent than the target form. Spelling education thus needs a strong grammatical basis.

scholarly journals Preserving grammatical functions in LFG

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald M. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Interpretation ◽  
Grammatical Function ◽  
Functional Grammar ◽  
Traditional Role ◽  
Lexical Functional Grammar ◽  
Grammatical Functions

Patejuk and Przepiórkowski (2016) have provided arguments and evidence to call into question the traditional role that named grammatical functions have played in the descriptions and representations of Lexical Functional Grammar. They propose reducing the number of distinguished function names to a much more limited set. In this brief paper I examine a few of their observations and find them not yet convincing enough to justify such a fundamental revision of LFG theory. I am also concerned that a less refined structure at the interface between syntax and semantics will only shift to the semantic interpretation component the descriptive and explanatory burden of interpreting idiosyncratic morphosyntactic properties. I conclude that most if not all grammatical function distinctions should be preserved in LFG functional structures. 

Grammatical Function in Relation to Stuttering in Young Children

1967 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 786-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Bloodstein ◽  
Barbara F. Gantwerk
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Grammatical Function ◽  
Grammatical Functions

Samples of the speech of 13 stutterers from two to six years of age were studied to determine to what extent the distribution of stutterings was related to the grammatical functions of words. The findings were markedly different from those reported on older stutterers. For the most part the stutterings were randomly distributed with respect to the grammatical factor, but there was a tendency for stuttering to occur unusually often on pronouns and conjunctions and less often, in relation to chance expectation, on nouns and interjections. The excessive stuttering on pronouns and conjunctions appeared to be largely the effect of the high frequency of stuttering on the first word of the sentence. It was concluded that a true grammatical factor does not exist in the initial phase of stuttering, and probably emerges only with the emergence of difficult words.

scholarly journals The functions of еру modal verb «should» in the corpus ice-gb

2014 ◽  
pp. 254-261
Author(s):  
R. Y. Abbasov
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Grammatical Function ◽  
Women's Speech ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Modal Verb ◽  
Language Corpus ◽  
Grammatical Functions

The article adresses the modal and grammatical functions of the polyfunctional verb should as presented in the language corpus ICE-GB compiled in 1993. It is based on the ideas of poly functionalism laid out in the works of A. Smirnitsky, T. Komova, and others scientists. The author aims at studying the distribution of functions of the verb should; the material is also considered from the standpoint of the extralinguistic parameters of the speaker's gender and age. The analysis of the material shows that the modal function still prevails over the grammatical one, which explains the logic of presenting the material in books on grammar where the first meaning of this verb to be studied is (mild) obligation. The grammatical function is realized in the Suppositional and Conditional oblique moods (A. Smirnitsky's classification). Genderwise, men's speech contains a few more polite formulae that show more consideration for the interlocutor which is generally considered to be typical of women's speech; on the other hand, there is some proof that phrases constructed by men are perceived as more aggressive. Bringing the speaker's age into play seems to suggest that a higher ratio of oblique moods in the speech signifies a free use of language. Some of the notional lexical verbs forming regular collocations with should have been singled out and grouped.

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