scholarly journals INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE IN MINANGKABAU LANGUAGE: X-BAR THEORY

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-200
Author(s):  
Dian Zelina Fitriyani ◽  
Dian Zelina Fitriyani
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Grammatical Function ◽  
Generative Syntax ◽  
Distributional Method ◽  
Interrogative Sentence ◽  
Grammatical Functions

This study discusses the grammatical function of the question words and the internal structure of interrogative sentence in Minangkabau language. The study of this interrogative sentence structure applies X-bar theory as one of the generative syntax subtheories. The data is gained from the interview of Minangkabau language native speaker and analysed by using the distributional method. The result of the analysis shows that the question words for wh-question has two grammatical functions, specifier and complement. For yes-no question, the question word “iyonyo” has one grammatical function, that is complement. The internal structure of interrogative sentence in Minangkabau language is constructed by specifier, complement, and adverb. Key words: interrogative sentence, question word, Minangkabau language

scholarly journals KALIMAT TANYA DALAM BAHASA MANDAILING: TEORI X-BAR

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Soraya Tsamara Zahra ◽  
Mulyadi Mulyadi
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Grammatical Function ◽  
Generative Syntax ◽  
Lexical Structure ◽  
Distributional Method ◽  
Interrogative Sentence

Interrogative Sentence in Mandailing Language: X-bar Theory. This study aims to analyze grammatical and lexical structure in interrogative sentence in Mandailing language. The  study of this interrogative sentence structure applies X-bar  theory as one of the generative syntax subtheories. This type of research includes qualitative research using distributional method. The data were collected through interview and observation. The result of the study showed that the wh-question in Mandailing language had grammatical function as spesifier and komplement, while the total question sentence had a function as a komplement. Interrogative sentence in Mandailing language formed by spesifiers, komplements, and adverb.

scholarly journals Istifham in the stories in Alquran from the perpective of Speech Act Theory

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Rochmat Budi Santosa ◽  
Joko Nurkamto ◽  
Nashruddin Baidan ◽  
Sumarlam Sumarlam
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
The Past ◽  
Original Meaning ◽  
The Future ◽  
Interrogative Sentence ◽  
Number Case

<p>One of the most effective ways to attract an audience in order to influence him is through question. Many kinds of question. Questions in arabic terms known as istifham are also found in the stories. This study will make an attempt in affirmation of how <em>istifhams</em>, which is then simplified into the terms of questions, are clearly highlighted to enhance the connectivity of the components of the Quranic texts. Specifically how questions in the stories in Alquran found and understood using contextual frameworks. The content analysis is employed through speech act theory. It is found that            <em>Istifham</em> serves as question words, either to inquire about something of understanding, or not, the past and the future. <em>Istifham</em> are specifically used to ask about the place, time, circumstances, number, case dubious and uncertain. Sometimes question words come out of its original meaning to another meaning that can be seen through the sentence structure, so the function <em>istifham</em> here not as a question word again. Therefore, the sentence does not allow it to be interpreted as an interrogative sentence.</p><p>Key words: istifham, stories, speech act.</p>

scholarly journals Comparative analysis: to and ni as case particles in Japanese

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-114
Author(s):  
Ngurah Indra Pradhana ◽  
I Gede Oeinada
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Japanese Case ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Case Particles ◽  
Distributional Method ◽  
Advanced Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

This study focuses on particles To and Ni as case particles that function to express the relationship between nouns and predicates in a sentence focusing on the comparative analysis of the two case particles. Based on Tsujimura's opinion, it can be said that in Japanese, case particles are part of a phrase. Case particle is related to the function of the words in the sentence. The method used to analyze the data is Agih method (distributional method). Advanced analysis techniques with substitution techniques were applied in this study. This technique is used to study a case particle in the Japanese sentence structure. This research produces several things that are expected to be helpful to readers. To and Ni case particles can replace each other for the context of sentences that have the following meanings: Pairs Meaning, Translative Meaning, Accusative Meaning, and Ablative Meaning. But on the other hand, To and Ni as case particles can not substitution each other. Especially sentences with the following meanings:  accusative meaning, commitative meaning, partner meaning, citation meaning, alatif meaning, purpose meaning, time markers meaning, diathesis on passive sentences, diathesis on causative sentences, dative meaning, and locative meaning.

scholarly journals Remarks on Acceptability and Grammaticality

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Bent Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Native Speaker ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Grammaticality Judgments ◽  
Conservative View ◽  
Acceptability Judgments ◽  
Logical Extension

<p>In the present paper a distinction is drawn between <strong>acceptability</strong> and <strong>grammaticality</strong>. These two concepts have often been confounded in the literature. Thus linguists have been prone to say that 'the native speaker makes grammaticality judgments'. Nothing could be more mistaken. He makes acceptability judgments, and that is something entirely different. In this article, I shall make use of the sentence-schema which has been current since Chomsky (1986a) - a logical extension of X-bar syntax. Readers who are not familiar with the basic modules of modern TG-theory are referred to my articles in <em>Hermes</em>, 1 and <em>Hermes</em>, 2 (see references). In these two articles I adhered to the S-bar/S-schema of sentence structure. This is now obsolete. I shall adopt a relatively conservative view of bounding nodes (subjacency); i.e. I make no attempt to introduce the sophisticated theory of barrierhood developed in Chomsky (1986a). This is immaterial to the argument conducted in this paper.</p>

Weak elements in cycles

2019 ◽  
pp. 71-87
Author(s):  
Jacopo Garzonio ◽  
Silvia Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Upward Movement ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Close Interaction ◽  
General Rules ◽  
Diachronic Development ◽  
Linguistic Cycle

The diachronic development of Modern Italian pronouns, in particular of the 3pl dative loro ‘to them’ (Cardinaletti 2010; Egerland 2010), could be seen as the first step in a linguistic cycle in which elements become more and more structurally deficient, going from strong XPs, through weak deficient XPs, and finally to clitic X°s. However, historical data from Old Tuscan varieties show that there is much distributional instability and variation which is not easily accommodated in Cardinaletti and Starke’s (1999) tripartite typology. It will be claimed that the diachronic development of dative loro can be captured in terms of a close interaction between the internal structure of pronouns (where reanalysis as upward movement and the Head Preference Principle derive different degrees of structural deficiency), and general rules governing sentence structure.

De Verwerving van Morfologische Regels in Schrift

1998 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 87-100
Author(s):  
Marjolein van Dort-Slijper ◽  
Gert Rijlaarsdam ◽  
Maaike Ditzel
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Production Task ◽  
Grammatical Function ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
Stressed Syllable ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Grammatical Functions

In order to provide authors of text books with empirical data on the acquisition in Dutch of written morphology in nouns, verbs and adjectives, several empirical studies were undertaken. In this article, the second study is reported on the performance of the morpheme -en in a special case of adjectives in Dutch: material adjectives such as 'gouden' (gold). The study tried to determine factors which affect the performance in reading and writing. Factors involved were two interference factors (plural in adjacent nouns; normal adjectives), cognitive task (comprehension versus writing) and two syntactic factors (grammatical function and position in the sentence of the constituent. Subjects (n=80, grades 6 and 7, from four schools) individually completed a comprehension and a production task in which factors were systematically varied. No effects of cognitive task were observed. Therefore only results for the production task were reported in detail. It turned out that material adjectives were more difficult than normal adjectives, and that within the category of material adjectives two subcategories should be distinguished, the easier one in which the morpheme is preceded by a stressed syllable as in 'gouden', and the more difficult one in which this is not the case, as in 'zilveren'. Of the two syntactic factors, only the grammatical function seems to affect the performance: adjectives in constituents with subject function were more difficult than adjectives with other grammatical functions; interactions between group and category of adjectives were found. Of the two interference factors, both factors seemed to affect performance.

scholarly journals Nominal juxtaposition in Australian languages: An LFG analysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
LOUISA SADLER ◽  
RACHEL NORDLINGER
Keyword(s):  
Grammatical Function ◽  
Functional Grammar ◽  
Lexical Functional Grammar ◽  
Theoretical Literature ◽  
Syntactic Similarity ◽  
Australian Languages ◽  
Grammatical Functions

It is well known that Australian languages make heavy use of nominal juxtaposition in a wide variety of functions, but there is little discussion in the theoretical literature of how such juxtapositions should be analysed. We discuss a range of data from Australian languages illustrating how multiple nominals share a single grammatical function within the clause. We argue that such constructions should be treated syntactically as set-valued grammatical functions in Lexical-Functional Grammar (LFG). Sets as values for functions are well-established in LFG and are used in the representation of adjuncts, and also in the representation of coordination. In many Australian languages, coordination is expressed asyndetically, that is, by nominal juxtaposition with no overt coordinator at all. We argue that the syntactic similarity of all juxtaposed constructions (ranging from coordination through a number of more appositional relations) motivates an analysis in which they are treated similarly in the syntax, but suitably distinguished in the semantics. We show how this can be achieved within LFG, providing a unified treatment of the syntax of juxtaposition in Australian languages and showing how the interface to the semantics can be quite straightforwardly defined in the modular LFG approach.

Positional distribution of sentence members in the french, english and russian languages

10.12737/7481 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 0-0 ◽  
Author(s):  
Магомед Газилов ◽  
Magomed Gazilov ◽  
Марина Гозалова ◽  
Marina Gozalova
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Positional Distribution ◽  
International Communication ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
French Language ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
French And English ◽  
Popular Language ◽  
Interrogative Sentence ◽  
Free Word

The article presents a comparative analysis of the sentence structure of the French language in comparison to English and Russian, described are differences and similarities for the three languages. English and French, are important languages of international communication, trade, cooperation and business. As for the Russian language, it is the fifth language in the world in the total number of speakers and the second most popular language of the Internet. Traditionally, the French and English languages are considered as analytic with strict fixed word order in a sentence, at the same Russian is a synthetic language with free word order. Recently, however, linguists are increasingly beginning to assert that there are no languages purely synthetic or analytical. The analysis gives grounds to state that despite the fact that the French and British sentences have a fixed word order in their development there is a trend of occurrence of certain &#34;liberties&#34;, in particular, modern French interrogative sentence violates the strict word order; It is constructed both with inversion, and without it, and the circumstances occupy not only postposition or preposition, but also interposition in relation to the predicative basis of the sentence. The practical value of the work lies in the fact that the results obtained can be used in the classroom whiles teaching second language, and that would ensure a much easier and faster learning.

scholarly journals On Distributional Features of Adverbial Modifier of Manner in Typologically Different Languages: A Case Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Mirzayeva Intizar Gahraman
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Syntactic Analysis ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Grammatical Functions

The study aims to analyze the distributional features of adverbial modifier of manner in two languages that are typologically and genealogically different: English and Azerbaijani. Although the issue has been focused in these languages separately from various angles including semantic, syntactic and prosodic perspectives, there is a gap in the domain of comparative studies. In this regard, syntax is of special importance. Syntactic analysis reveals that in the both languages sentence members are not distributed randomly. In other words, their distribution within the sentence is regulated by certain rules. Each of the sentence members, entering the sentence structure in the syntagmatic order, establishing coordination with sentence members coming before or after it, turns to the bearer of the intended semantic or grammatical functions. Analyses of grammatical forms of the sentences in the English and Azerbaijani sentences show that alongside the universal features which are common for the grammatical forms in sentences of each language, these languages possess distinctive features as well.

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