THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ANALYSIS OF EXPORT OF GOODS AND SERVICES IN THE CONTEXT OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT

The article is devoted to the study of theoretical and methodological aspects of the analysis of exports of goods and services in the context of regional development. The structural and logical scheme of the analysis of export of goods and services is of-fered. Export of the Kharkiv region was assessed by geographical structure, by goods and by countries. In general, the geograph-ical structure of export Kharkiv region shows a reorientation of commodities to EU countries. The export of services of the Kharkiv region by geographical structure and by types of economic activity is analyzed. Kharkiv region has a developed and diversified economy. There are large enterprises of mechanical engineering, agricultural and food industries, energy, developed oil and gas complex in the region. The geopolitical situation, as well as the crisis caused by the COVID­19 pandemic, have significantly con-tributed to changes in the directions and instruments of the region's foreign policy. Based on this, it is possible to determine the objectives of the study, which is to analyze and evaluate the exports of the Kharkiv region in order to determine priorities to ensure its competitiveness. It is determined that the export of services of the Kharkiv region is dominated by services and computer services. To ensure the efficiency of exports of services, it is necessary to pursue a policy of increasing their volume by expand-ing the volume of other activities, such as education, tourism and others. A SWOT­analysis of exports of the Kharkiv region was conducted. The risks of slowing down export flows and strategic directions for improving the export activity of the Kharkiv region have been identified.Kharkiv region has enough competitive advantages in the development of export of commodities: natural resource potential, high quality and competitiveness of food industry and mechanical engineering, diversification of export flows by country, adaptation to European standards and quality requirements. Foreign economic entities are the most efficient part of business, and therefore deregulation and tax leverages are an important incentive to ensure favorable conditions for export flows. Given the high intellectual capital of the region, it is important to support the development of innovation through attracting investment in research and development, the introduction of public funding. Innovative products and services will help improve he position of the region and the country at the global level and ensure the growth of exports. The imperfection of the institutional framework in the innovation sphere also affects Ukraine's ratings in the internationally competitive environment. Regulatory policy in the context of the region's exports should be comprehensive and balanced using determined instruments.Keywords: export, regional development, Kharkiv region, export of goods, export of services, SWOT­analysis, export potential. Статтю присвячено дослідженню теоретико­методичних аспектів аналізу експорту товарів і послуг у контексті регіонального розвитку. Запропоновано структурно­логічну схему аналізу експорту товарів і послуг. Проведено аналіз експорту Харківського регіону за географічною структурою, за товарами та за країнами. У цілому географічна структура експорту України показує переорієнтацію поставок до країн ЄС. Проаналізовано експорт послуг Харківської області за географічною структурою та за видами економічної діяльності. Визначено, що в експорті послуг Харківської області домінують консалтингові та комп'ютерні послуги. Для забезпечення ефективності експорту послуг необхідно проводити політику щодо збільшення їхніх обсягів шляхом розширення обсягів за іншими видами діяльності, такими як освітні, туристичні та ін. Проведено SWOT­аналіз експортного потенціалу Харківського регіону. Визначено ризики гальмування експортних потоків та стратегічні напрями поліпшення експортної діяльності в Харківській області. Ключові слова: експорт, регіональний розвиток, Харківська область, експорт товарів, експорт послуг, SWOT­аналіз, експортний потенціал.

Development of the it sector in Russia: drivers and stimulation methods

The development of the digital economy is directly linked to advances in the information technology sector. The information technology sector refers to a set of high-tech computer services. The article shows the place of this sector in the provision of high-tech services according to international and Russian statistical methodology. It has been substantiated that the information technology sector has a significant cumulative development effect. The IT sector refers to a set of high-tech computer services. The drivers of the information technology sector development have been identified and the government’s methods of stimulating it have been analysed. Particular attention has been paid to global external shocks to the industry, namely sanctions and the COVID-19 pandemic. The short term specifics of the information technology sector drivers have been highlighted. The role of the state as a facilitator of methods to stimulate industry development has been shown.

Multiresolution dendritic cell algorithm for network anomaly detection

Anomaly detection in computer networks is a complex task that requires the distinction of normality and anomaly. Network attack detection in information systems is a constant challenge in computer security research, as information systems provide essential services for enterprises and individuals. The consequences of these attacks could be the access, disclosure, or modification of information, as well as denial of computer services and resources. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are developed as solutions to detect anomalous behavior, such as denial of service, and backdoors. The proposed model was inspired by the behavior of dendritic cells and their interactions with the human immune system, known as Dendritic Cell Algorithm (DCA), and combines the use of Multiresolution Analysis (MRA) Maximal Overlap Discrete Wavelet Transform (MODWT), as well as the segmented deterministic DCA approach (S-dDCA). The proposed approach is a binary classifier that aims to analyze a time-frequency representation of time-series data obtained from high-level network features, in order to classify data as normal or anomalous. The MODWT was used to extract the approximations of two input signal categories at different levels of decomposition, and are used as processing elements for the multi resolution DCA. The model was evaluated using the NSL-KDD, UNSW-NB15, CIC-IDS2017 and CSE-CIC-IDS2018 datasets, containing contemporary network traffic and attacks. The proposed MRA S-dDCA model achieved an accuracy of 97.37%, 99.97%, 99.56%, and 99.75% for the tested datasets, respectively. Comparisons with the DCA and state-of-the-art approaches for network anomaly detection are presented. The proposed approach was able to surpass state-of-the-art approaches with UNSW-NB15 and CSECIC-IDS2018 datasets, whereas the results obtained with the NSL-KDD and CIC-IDS2017 datasets are competitive with machine learning approaches.

The Satyam Effect on Related Party Loans in India

We examine the impact of the failure of Satyam Computer Services Ltd. (“Satyam”), a major corporate governance related event in India, on related party loans of Indian public companies. Using data from a balanced panel of 794 firms for the years 2006–2012, we find that the Satyam failure had a significant negative impact on related party loans given by Indian firms. The average of net related party loans (as a proportion of total assets) declined from 2.37% in 2008 to 0.23% in 2010. Furthermore, the reduction in related party loans was more prominent in firms with lower levels of external monitoring. Finally, since prior research suggests that there was no significant Satyam effect on the frequency or attendance at audit committee meetings, our results suggest that there can be substantive changes in operational decisions without observable changes in governance.

How Libel Law Applies to Automated Journalism

Automated journalism—the use of algorithms to translate data into narrative news content—is enabling all manner of outlets to increase efficiency while scaling up their reporting in areas as diverse as financial earnings and professional baseball. With these technological advancements, however, come serious risks. Algorithms are not good at interpreting or contextualizing complex information, and they are subject to biases and errors that ultimately could produce content that is misleading or false, even libelous. It is imperative, then, to examine how libel law might apply to automated news content that harms the reputation of a person or an organization. Conducting that examination from the perspective of U.S. law, because of its uniquely expansive constitutional protections in the area of libel, it appears that the First Amendment would cover algorithmic speech—meaning that the First Amendment’s full supply of tools and principles, and presumptions would apply to determine if particular automated news content would be protected. In the area of libel, the most significant issues come under the plaintiff’s burden to prove that the libelous content was published by the defendant (with a focus on whether automated journalism would qualify for immunity available to providers of interactive computer services) and that the content was published through the defendant’s fault (with a focus on whether an algorithm could behave with the actual malice or negligence usually required to satisfy this inquiry). There is also a significant issue under the opinion defense, which provides broad constitutional protection for statements of opinion (with a focus on whether an algorithm itself is capable of having beliefs or ideas, which generally inform an opinion).

Economic theory and social pressure: audit committee director departures in India

Purpose This study aims to examine the resignations of Indian audit committee directors after a systemic shock (failure of Satyam Computer Services Ltd.). Design/methodology/approach The authors develop the research questions based on interviews with company directors and audit partners, in addition to economic theory. The authors then use archival data to test the research questions. Findings The authors find that social and peer pressure is a very important factor in explaining such departures and provides the basis for some counter-intuitive empirical results, for example, directors were less likely to resign from companies audited by Indian affiliates of PricewaterhouseCoopers even though Satyam was audited by one such auditor and ownership by founding families was not associated with director departures. Research limitations/implications Going beyond economic theory and analyzes can be useful in examining issues related to corporate boards and audit committees. Practical implications Regulators should consider requiring disclosure about director attendance percentages, in addition to the number of meetings, at audit committee – and, perhaps, other board sub-committee – meetings. Social implications Caution is warranted when using results from the USA and other Anglo-Saxon countries to address governance-related issues in India or other Asian countries. Originality/value A triangulation of economic theory and societal norms enables us to gain valuable insights about the resignations of audit committee directors in India.

Satyam Fraud: A Structural Functional Approach to Corporate Governance Reform

The paper uses Satyam Computer Services Limited as a prototypical case of corporate governance failure and recommendations for reforms. In making recommendations for corporate governance best practices, the paper analyzes Satyam’s corporate governance framework and management controls through a structural functionalist lens. The case is based on materials obtained from the news and print media, published articles, and interviews given by experts who commented on the case. Corporate governance data were obtained from the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC) Edgar database. The findings suggest that corporate governance best practices should not be separate from the discrete parts of the organization. A wider context that encapsulates socio-cultural factors must not only be part of corporate governance mandates; but, also integral in the operational logistic of the corporation. As part of this discussion, the paper explicitly reviewed the governance structure and the make-up of the board of directors that were in place at Satyam prior to the resignation of Chairman Ramalinga Raju and his admission that he was involved in financial statement irregularities. Particular emphasis was placed on how management control systems and cultural controls in companies can shape corporate governance mandates to build effective governance framework.

Innovative Teams Through the Lenses of Team Leaders: Characteristics, Challenges and Achievements

"Teamwork as well as the interest in innovation in business are two of the few constant features of contemporary companies, which manifest themselves within a general context characterized by volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity. In a company, the benefits of teamwork are widely acknowledged, whereas innovation in business is a strategic direction. This work is based on empirical research, and its main purpose is to identify the characteristics of the innovative teams, the challenges that they have to face, and their achievements, respectively. The empirical research undertaken is a qualitative one and it proposes a case study, the primary data being collected through interviews conducted with a number of four team leaders of innovative teams. The respondents work for companies in the fields of production of electric/electronic products, information technology and computer services, GPS, navigation technology, respectively; all these are fields in which innovation is an important component of successful companies. According to the team leaders who were interviewed, the characteristics of the innovative teams can be assessed in terms of: (i) results (“deliverable”) which contribute to the general effort of the company to be competitive on the innovation market; (ii) performance (reaching efficiently all objectives), (iii) the way of working of the team (the presence of psychological safety, proper communication) and (iv) composition (the qualities of the team members, such as autonomy, diversity and orientation towards cooperation). The main challenge of the innovative teams is given by the high level of stress arising as a consequence of the conditions (such as deadlines and budget restrictions) under which the main objective has to be reached, namely, to obtain products and/or services, new or improved processes, respectively. To all of these, there can be added ones that are specific to teamwork, generally, such as existing conflicts, reduced motivation, and individualism at executive level. The main achievements of the innovative teams, according to the interviewed leaders, are the obtaining of new technologies, product optimisation, complying with deadlines, a high level of quality, and the employees’ development, which is an essential aspect which contributes to their motivation and implicitly to their training to become future leaders. Keywords: Business Innovation, Teamwork, Innovative teams, team composition. JEL Classification: O39, M19 "