Pengaruh Kompetensi Pedagogik Guru Sains terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas VII SMP Se-Kecamatan Kota Kefamenanu

Research with the title "Analysis of White Shrimp Abundance in the Abudenok Estuary of Malacca Regency". The purpose of this study was to determine the abundance of white shrimp in the Abudenok Malacca estuary and to find the parameters of the physical-chemical relationship to the abundance of white shrimp in the Abudenok estuary of Malacca Regency. The subject of this research is White Shrimp. The research data were obtained from the results of fishing catches using a 4 m diameter net. The study was conducted once a week for three weeks in the central and lower reaches of the Abudenok estuary. The results of the analysis of the abundance of white shrimp data shows the composition of the catch is different every week. In the first week the middle Estuary catches 158 white shrimp while the downstream Estuary captures fighting 234 tails In the second week the middle Estuary catches white shrimp winning 147 tails while the downstream Estuary catches white shrimp caught 356 tails. In the second week the middle Estuary catches 174 white shrimp while the downstream Estuary catches fighting 276 white shrimp. Effect of physical-chemical parameters on the abundance of 21.5 0C - 29 0C, current velocity of 0.13 ms-0.18 ms-1, salinity of 26.00 ppt - 29.00 ppt and sand substrate. The author concludes that the abundance of white shrimp in the Abudenok estuary is influenced by physical-chemical parameters, especially temperature, current speed and substrate.

Distribution and abundance of post-larvae and juvenile pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis (Pérez Farfante, 1967) in a subtropical estuary

The spatial and temporal variability in the relative abundance of the post-larvae (PL) and juvenile (JU) stages of the pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis was investigated in the estuary of Lagoa dos Patos, southern Brazil. This analysis enabled the identification of differential distribution patterns. Pink shrimp abundance was studied to understand what factors influence the occupation of the estuary. Monthly samples were taken with a trawl net at 12 sites in the estuary from September 2010 to January 2013. Comparisons were made between protected and unprotected sites. Both PL and JU had a wide distribution in the estuary. The temperature was not a significant variable for explaining abundance variability. The abundance of PL increased with salinity and influenced PL entry to the estuary. The highest abundances of PL were found in unprotected areas and protected sites at the mouth of the estuary, while juveniles were unevenly distributed with higher abundance in protected areas. Recruitment period of PL in the estuary was October to March, and of juveniles was November to February. We suggest that the preservation of unprotected shallow waters and protected areas at the mouth of the estuary are key to further recruitment of the species in the estuary.

Does the relative value of submerged aquatic vegetation for penaeid shrimps vary with proximity to a tidal inlet? Preliminary evidence from a subtropical coastal lagoon

The value of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) as a nursery habitat for penaeid shrimp has been recognised previously; however, the importance of SAV in terms of its distance from a tidal inlet (a site through which shrimp postlarvae migrate into coastal lagoons) has not been evaluated. In the present study, the effect of proximity to a tidal inlet on the relative importance of SAV beds for Farfantepenaeus shrimp was evaluated in the Laguna Madre of Tamaulipas (Mexico). Sampling was performed monthly from February to December 2005, diurnally and nocturnally, in two SAV bed areas, one 25km (distant) and the other 1km (nearby) from the inlet. Densities of shrimp (F. aztecus, F. duorarum and F. brasiliensis) were consistently higher in the nearby SAV bed during both the day and night. Water temperature was the most important explanatory variable of shrimp abundance in both SAV beds. The temperature–abundance relationship was negative in all cases, except in the distant SAV bed at night, when shrimp abundance was positively related to dissolved oxygen and salinity. The nearby SAV bed had higher recruit abundance and supported a greater numbers of juveniles and subadults. In contrast, shrimp abundance in the distant SAV bed was apparently limited by recruitment.

Ontogenetic shifts in habitat use during the dry season by an amphidromous shrimp in a tropical lowland river

Caridean shrimp have considerable effects on ecosystem processes and, thus, understanding their use of key habitats is important for determining their potential ecological effect. The present study examined the meso-habitat use of Macrobrachium spinipes, a large-bodied and important amphidromous species, in the Daly River, northern Australia. We examined shrimp abundance at four common meso-habitat types; sand bank, rock bars, undercut and structurally complex banks and mid-channel areas at five sites on three occasions during the dry season (May to October). We found that habitat use changed considerably first, with ontogeny, and, second, with the colonisation of habitats with algae and macrophytes as the dry season progressed. As juveniles, their habitat use was strongly associated with well structured bank environments early in the dry season. By the mid-dry season, juveniles were more abundant within sand habitats recently colonised with macrophytes and filamentous algae. Females showed little change in habitat use, whereas large-bodied dominant males generally favoured rock bars and heavily structured bank environments. The present study has provided significant insights into the changes in use of key riverine habitats throughout the dry season by an ecologically important species. This information will be of considerable value to the determination of environmental flow requirements and food-web investigations.

Analysis of food habits of skate Rioraja agassizii (Elasmobranchii, Rajidae) from southern Brazil

Catches and exports of skate Rioraja agassizii place this species as “vulnerable to extinction” on the IUCN Red List; therefore, biological and ecological knowledge becomes an important instrument for its conservation control. This study described and quantified the diet composition of R. agassizii by means of stomach analysis contents in the periods 2005-2006 and 2012-2013. We analyzed and quantified stomach contents in terms of abundance (%N), weight (%M), frequency of occurrence (% FO), and index of relative importance (IRI). The results showed differences in the food rates between the periods. However, the groups of food items were the same: Teleostei fish, decapods, and mollusks. In 2005-2006, the diet consisted mainly of shrimp, however, in 2012-2013 it consisted of fish, followed by decapods, especially shrimps. The differences in diets may be attributed to shrimp abundance, which do not characterize a change in the eating habits in 2012-2013, because, in addition to fish, shrimps were also important food sources. The presence of a certain prey is more related to its availability rather than the feeding preference of skate. The amount of ingested items is associated to biological and environmental factors, so that further studies relating diet with capture area, seasonality, depth, and other factors should be conducted.

Use of intertidal areas by shrimps (Decapoda) in a brazilian Amazon estuary

The present work investigated the occupation and the correlation of the shrimp abundance in relation to environmental variables in different habitats (mangroves, salt marshes and rocky outcrops) in an Amazon estuary. The collections were made in August and November 2009, at low syzygy tide on Areuá Beach, situated in the Extractive Reserve of Mãe Grande de Curuçá, Pará, Brazil totaling 20 pools. In each environment, we recorded the physical-chemical factors (pH, salinity, and temperature) and measured the area (m2) and volume (m3) of every pool through bathymetry. The average pH, salinity, temperature, area and volume of tide pools were 8.75 (± 0.8 standard deviation), 35.45 (± 3), 29.49 °C (± 2.32), 27.41 m2 (± 41.18), and 5.19 m3 (± 8.01), respectively. We caught a total of 4,871 shrimps, distributed in three families and four species: Farfantepenaeus subtilis (98.36%) (marine) followed by Alpheus pontederiae (0.76%) (estuarine), Macrobrachium surinamicum (0.45%) and Macrobrachium amazonicum (0.43%) predominantly freshwater. The species F. subtilis and A. pontederiae occurred in the three habitats, whereas M. surinamicum occurred in salt marsh and rocky outcrop and M. amazonicum only in marisma. Temperature and pH were the most important environmental descriptors that significantly affected the density and biomass of shrimps.

Microhabitat and shrimp abundance within a Norwegian cold-water coral ecosystem

Cold-water coral (CWC) reefs are heterogeneous ecosystems comprising numerous microhabitats. A typical European CWC reef provides various biogenic microhabitats (within, on and surrounding colonies of coral species such as Lophelia pertusa, Paragorgia arborea and Primnoa resedaeformis, or formed by their remains after death). These microhabitats may be surrounded and intermixed with non-biogenic microhabitats (soft sediment, hard ground, gravel/pebbles, steep walls). To date, studies of distribution of sessile fauna across CWC reefs have been more numerous than those investigating mobile fauna distribution. In this study we quantified shrimp densities associated with key CWC microhabitat categories at the Røst Reef, Norway, by analysing image data collected by towed video sled in June 2007. We also investigated shrimp distribution patterns on the local scale (<40 cm) and how these may vary with microhabitat. Shrimp abundances at the Røst Reef were on average an order of magnitude greater in biogenic reef microhabitats than in non-biogenic microhabitats. Greatest shrimp densities were observed in association with live Paragorgia arborea microhabitat (43 shrimp m−2, SD = 35.5), live Primnoa resedaeformis microhabitat (41.6 shrimp m−2, SD = 26.1) and live Lophelia pertusa microhabitat (24.4 shrimp m−2, SD = 18.6). In non-biogenic microhabitat, shrimp densities were <2 shrimp m−2. CWC reef microhabitats appear to support greater shrimp densities than the surrounding non-biogenic microhabitats at the Røst Reef, at least at the time of survey.

Microhabitat and shrimp abundance within a Norwegian cold-water coral ecosystem

Cold-water coral reefs are highly heterogeneous ecosystems comprising of a range of diverse microhabitats. In a typical European cold-water coral reef various biogenic habitats (live colonies of locally common coral species such as Lophelia pertusa, Paragorgia arborea and Primnoa resedaeformis, dead coral structure, coral rubble) may be surrounded and intermixed with non-biogenic habitats (soft sediment, hardground, gravel/pebbles, steep walls). To date, studies of distribution of sessile fauna across these microhabitats have been more numerous than those investigating mobile fauna distribution. In this study we quantified shrimp densities associated with key CWC habitat categories at the Røst reef, Norway, by analysing image data collected by towed video sled. We also investigated shrimp distribution patterns on the local scale (<40 cm) and how these may vary with habitat. We found shrimp abundances at the Røst reef to be on average an order of magnitude greater in biogenic reef habitats than in non-biogenic habitats. Greatest shrimp densities were observed in association with live Paragorgia arborea habitats (43 shrimp m−2, SD = 35.5), live Primnoa resedaeformis habitats (41.6 shrimp m−2, SD = 26.1) and live Lophelia pertusa habitats (24.4 shrimp m−2, SD = 18.6). In non-biogenic habitats shrimp densities were <2 shrimp m−2. We conclude that CWC reef habitats clearly support greater shrimp densities than the surrounding non-biogenic habitats on the Norwegian margin.