Socio-Political Engagement of Contemporary Javanese Literature

This paper analyzes four selected short stories in Javanese literature entitled “Durmogati” by Budianto, “Maju Tatu Mundur Ajur” (“Damned if One Does, Damned if One Doesn’t”) by Budiono, “Bojo” (“Wife”) and “Apik Meneng” (“It’s Better to be Silent”) by Harjono which were all published in 2018. In Indonesia, Javanese literature—together with other regional literatures—is a part of or complimentary to Indonesian literature but it has not received much attention at the national level, let alone at the international level. However, Javanese literature has not been less vocal than Indonesian literature. In this article, I will examine the socio-political engagements of the four short stories in Indonesian society. Using Phillips’ ethnographic approach and Foucault’s theory of power distribution, I will analyze how the four short stories are related to democracy, people’s power, equality, and corruption in Indonesia after the fall of Suharto as the president of Indonesia in 1998. The analysis shows that the four short stories have significant socio-political engagements in the present Indonesia. The authors of the four short stories discussed in this paper show courage to blatantly criticize those who are in power. As such, the discussion of this essay offers fresh insights about contemporary Javanese literature and its role in the socio-political situation of the country. In the end, this essay will show that these four short stories are not only a reflection of Javanese society in particular and that of Indonesia in general but also as expressions of their authors as key informants about their society, i.e., how they see and think about the society in which they live. Keywords Javanese literature; socio-political engagement; democracy; power; equality

(C)overt linguistic racism: Eastern-European background immigrant women in the Australian workplace

Linguistic racism explores the varied ideologies that may generate and endorse monolingual, native, and normative language practices, while reinforcing the discrimination and injustice directed towards language users whose language and communicative repertoires are not necessarily perceived as standard and normal. This article, thus, investigates linguistic racism, as a form of existing, but newly defined, racism against unconventional ethnic language practices experienced by Eastern-European immigrant women in the Australian workplace. Our ethnographic study shows that, once these women directly or subtly exhibit their non-nativism, through a limited encounter with local expressions, non-native language skills, and ethnic accents, they become victims of covert and overt linguistic racism in the form of social exclusion, mockery, mimicking, and malicious sarcasm in the hierarchical power environment of the workplace. As a result, these migrants can suffer from long-lasting psychological trauma and distress, emotional hurdles, loss of credibility, and language-based inferiority complexes. We, as researchers, need to highlight the importance of combatting workplace linguistic racism and revealing language realities of underprivileged communities. In that way, we can assist them in adapting to host societies and help them regain some degree of power equality in their institutional environments.

Working well: a systematic scoping review of the Indigenous primary healthcare workforce development literature

Background Strong and effective workforce models are essential for improving comprehensive Indigenous primary healthcare service (PHC) provision to Indigenous peoples in Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the USA (CANZUS nations). This review systematically scoped the literature for studies that described or evaluated models and systems that support the sustainability, capacity or growth of the Indigenous PHC workforce to provide effective PHC provision. Methods Eleven databases, 10 websites and clearinghouses, and the reference lists of 5 review articles were searched for relevant studies from CANZUS nations published in English from 2000 to 2017. A process of thematic analysis was utilised to identify key conditions, strategies and outcomes of Indigenous PHC workforce development reported in the literature. Results Overall, 28 studies were found. Studies reported enabling conditions for workforce development as government funding and appropriate regulation, support and advocacy by professional organisations; community engagement; PHC leadership, supervision and support; and practitioner Indigeneity, motivation, power equality and wellbeing. Strategies focused on enhancing recruitment and retention; strengthening roles, capacity and teamwork; and improving supervision, mentoring and support. Only 12/28 studies were evaluations, and these studies were generally of weak quality. These studies reported impacts of improved workforce sustainability, workforce capacity, resourcing/growth and healthcare performance improvements. Conclusions PHCs can strengthen their workforce models by bringing together healthcare providers to consider how these strategies and enabling conditions can be improved to meet the healthcare and health needs of the local community. Improvement is also needed in the quality of evidence relating to particular strategies to guide practice.

Performance on FBMC-OQAM and OFDM Multicarrier Systems

Filter Bank Multi Carrier (FBMC) offers best detestable properties took a gander at over orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) to the attack of nonexistent hindrance. FBMC system is a multicarrier structure, particularly sensible for 5G remote correspondences. FBMC beats OFDM as a result of proficient use of the open information move limit and without usage of cyclic prefix (CP). In this paper, we address the issue of remarkable enrollment at the pilot territory and used to audit the channels with pilot picture, in like way consider the fundamental conditions for utilization of the assistant pilot pictures. First and two partner pictures for each pilot plans with power equality uses instead of one picture; it can attainable inspirations driving necessity of OFDM and FBMC depending upon signal to noise ratio (SNR) what's relentlessly possible to improve the introduction of one frivolity pictures by using multiple associate pictures. Finally autonomous the BER execution reenactment results and adornment pilot pictures

Does BIGMAC Index Consider as a Substitute for Inflation Rate

The BIGMAC Index was designed by The Economist in 1986 as a happy manual for whether monetary standards are at their "right" level. It depends on the hypothesis of acquiring power equality (PPP), the thought that over the long haul trade rates should move towards the rate that would even out the costs of an indistinguishable container of merchandise and enterprises (for this situation, a burger) in any two nations. The BicMac list has been distributed every year by The Economist since 1986 and is evaluated as a streamlined pointer of a nation's individual obtaining power. The same number of nations have various monetary forms, the institutionalized BIGMAC costs are determined by changing over the normal national BIGMAC costs with the most recent swapping scale to U.S. dollars. The Big Mac, as a top-selling McDonald's burger, is utilized for examination since it is accessible in pretty much every nation and fabricated in an institutionalized size, piece and quality. McDonald's is an overall working drive-through joint chain with central command in Oak Brook, Illinois. Its worldwide income added up to about 21.03 billion U.S. dollars in 2018. Most McDonald eateries are spread over the United States. The BIGMAC Index is determined by partitioning the cost of a BIGMAC in one nation by the cost of a BIGMAC in another nation in their separate nearby monetary forms to land at a conversion scale. This conversion scale is then contrasted with the official swapping scale between the two monetary forms to decide whether either money is underestimated or exaggerated by the PPP hypothesis.

Minimal Multiple Blocking Sets

We prove that a minimal $t$-fold blocking set in a finite projective plane of order $n$ has cardinality at most \[\frac{1}{2} n\sqrt{4tn - (3t + 1)(t - 1)} + \frac{1}{2} (t - 1)n + t.\] This is the first general upper bound on the size of minimal $t$-fold blocking sets in finite projective planes and it generalizes the classical result of Bruen and Thas on minimal blocking sets. From the proof it directly follows that if equality occurs in this bound then every line intersects the blocking set $S$ in either $t$ points or $\frac{1}{2}(\sqrt{4tn - (3t + 1)(t - 1)} + t - 1) + 1$ points. We use this to show that for $n$ a prime power, equality can occur in our bound in exactly one of the following three cases: (a) $t = 1$, $n$ is a square and $S$ is a unital; (b) $t = n - \sqrt{n}$, $n$ is a square and $S$ is the complement of a Baer subplane; (c) $t = n$ and $S$ is equal to the set of all points except one. For a square prime power $q$ and $t \leq \sqrt{q} + 1$, we give a construction of a minimal $t$-fold blocking set $S$ in $\mathrm{PG}(2,q)$ with $|S| = q\sqrt{q} + 1 + (t - 1)(q - \sqrt{q} + 1)$. Furthermore, we obtain an upper bound on the size of minimal blocking sets in symmetric $2$-designs and use it to give new proofs of other known results regarding tangency sets in higher dimensional finite projective spaces. We also discuss further generalizations of our bound. In our proofs we use an incidence bound on combinatorial designs which follows from applying the expander mixing lemma to the incidence graph of these designs.

Strategic Management for Global Firms: A Conceptual Discussion

Global organizations have to proceed with a global and strategic perspective in order to be effective. This is in contrast to domestically or regionally focused organizations. Global organizations would benefit from simultaneously pursuing: (a) led by headquarters (HQ) selectively-fostered integrative, global and strategic approaches, and, (b) decentralized foreign subsid­iary tactical and operational initiatives. The simultaneous pursuits of the two divergent approaches require capable management teams at both levels: (a) the global HQ, as well as, (b) the foreign subsidiary units. The unique task environments of each foreign subsidiary make it compelling for the HQ to delegate the operational decision making to the foreign subsidiary. For the combined and well-coordinated global vision, choices, goals and strategy, the HQ must take the strategic leadership role.The partnership and collaborative efforts among the HQ and foreign subsidiaries’ executives will foster a together-ness feeling and better ownership of the responsibility among the foreign subsidiaries’ executives. The hierarchical, top-down approach would then be replaced by a joint, information-sharing approach that would engender an era of trust and mutual respect. There would be closer to power equality rather than disproportionate distribution of power. Power would then be posited to where most information and direct skills reside.

Relationship between National Culture and Development

Culture, as it is defined and well understood, differentiates one group from the other; in more general form, one country from the other. Culture then influences the behaviour and how we think in our everyday lives but so far culture of any group can only be measured in terms of a collection of cultural dimensions. This has made it difficult to establish whether there is any relationship between culture and any other social factors. In this study we derived national culture index from the four (4) Hofstede cultural dimensions (power (equality versus inequality), collectivism (versus individualism), uncertainty avoidance (versus uncertainty tolerance), masculinity (versus femininity)) using geo-mean formula. We then investigated whether there is any relationship between national culture index and national development index. In doing this we endeavoured to answer the question “Is There Really a Relationship Between Culture and Development?” posed by Mbakogu (2004:38). The data used for our experiments for Hofstede’s dimensions of national culture values were retrieved from Hofstede website that has an open licence for academic researchers. Data for human development national index were retrieved from UNDP website (Letter of consent was obtained from UNDP officials). The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated (r=0.083, p=0.502>0.05), which indicated that there is very negligible positive relationship between cultural index values and the development index values. Since the value of p is greater than the significance level of 0.05, we concluded that there is inconclusive evidence about the significance of the association established between National Culture Index and National Development Index. Since we currently have a national culture index, researchers can now talk about culture as a homogeneous unit. Researchers may use the national culture index to investigate relationship between culture and any other social factors. In future we intend to use other cultural dimensions proposed by other researchers to present a national culture index.

Relationship between National Culture and Development

Culture, as it is defined and well understood, differentiates one group from the other; in more general form, one country from the other. Culture then influences the behaviour and how we think in our everyday lives but so far culture of any group can only be measured in terms of a collection of cultural dimensions. This has made it difficult to establish whether there is any relationship between culture and any other social factors. In this study we derived national culture index from the four (4) Hofstede cultural dimensions (power (equality versus inequality), collectivism (versus individualism), uncertainty avoidance (versus uncertainty tolerance), masculinity (versus femininity)) using geo-mean formula. We then investigated whether there is any relationship between national culture index and national development index. In doing this we endeavoured to answer the question “Is There Really a Relationship Between Culture and Development?” posed by Mbakogu (2004:38). The data used for our experiments for Hofstede’s dimensions of national culture values were retrieved from Hofstede website that has an open licence for academic researchers. Data for human development national index were retrieved from UNDP website (Letter of consent was obtained from UNDP officials). The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated (r=0.083, p=0.502>0.05), which indicated that there is very negligible positive relationship between cultural index values and the development index values. Since the value of p is greater than the significance level of 0.05, we concluded that there is inconclusive evidence about the significance of the association established between National Culture Index and National Development Index. Since we currently have a national culture index, researchers can now talk about culture as a homogeneous unit. Researchers may use the national culture index to investigate relationship between culture and any other social factors. In future we intend to use other cultural dimensions proposed by other researchers to present a national culture index.