scholarly journals Relationship between National Culture and Development

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2(J)) ◽  
pp. 145-154
Author(s):  
Tranos Zuva ◽  
Zeleke Worku
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
National Development ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Culture And Development ◽  
Power Equality

Culture, as it is defined and well understood, differentiates one group from the other; in more general form, one country from the other. Culture then influences the behaviour and how we think in our everyday lives but so far culture of any group can only be measured in terms of a collection of cultural dimensions. This has made it difficult to establish whether there is any relationship between culture and any other social factors. In this study we derived national culture index from the four (4) Hofstede cultural dimensions (power (equality versus inequality), collectivism (versus individualism), uncertainty avoidance (versus uncertainty tolerance), masculinity (versus femininity)) using geo-mean formula. We then investigated whether there is any relationship between national culture index and national development index. In doing this we endeavoured to answer the question “Is There Really a Relationship Between Culture and Development?” posed by Mbakogu (2004:38). The data used for our experiments for Hofstede’s dimensions of national culture values were retrieved from Hofstede website that has an open licence for academic researchers. Data for human development national index were retrieved from UNDP website (Letter of consent was obtained from UNDP officials). The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated (r=0.083, p=0.502>0.05), which indicated that there is very negligible positive relationship between cultural index values and the development index values. Since the value of p is greater than the significance level of 0.05, we concluded that there is inconclusive evidence about the significance of the association established between National Culture Index and National Development Index. Since we currently have a national culture index, researchers can now talk about culture as a homogeneous unit. Researchers may use the national culture index to investigate relationship between culture and any other social factors. In future we intend to use other cultural dimensions proposed by other researchers to present a national culture index. 

scholarly journals Relationship between National Culture and Development

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Tranos Zuva ◽  
Zeleke Worku
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
National Development ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Culture And Development ◽  
Power Equality

Culture, as it is defined and well understood, differentiates one group from the other; in more general form, one country from the other. Culture then influences the behaviour and how we think in our everyday lives but so far culture of any group can only be measured in terms of a collection of cultural dimensions. This has made it difficult to establish whether there is any relationship between culture and any other social factors. In this study we derived national culture index from the four (4) Hofstede cultural dimensions (power (equality versus inequality), collectivism (versus individualism), uncertainty avoidance (versus uncertainty tolerance), masculinity (versus femininity)) using geo-mean formula. We then investigated whether there is any relationship between national culture index and national development index. In doing this we endeavoured to answer the question “Is There Really a Relationship Between Culture and Development?” posed by Mbakogu (2004:38). The data used for our experiments for Hofstede’s dimensions of national culture values were retrieved from Hofstede website that has an open licence for academic researchers. Data for human development national index were retrieved from UNDP website (Letter of consent was obtained from UNDP officials). The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated (r=0.083, p=0.502>0.05), which indicated that there is very negligible positive relationship between cultural index values and the development index values. Since the value of p is greater than the significance level of 0.05, we concluded that there is inconclusive evidence about the significance of the association established between National Culture Index and National Development Index. Since we currently have a national culture index, researchers can now talk about culture as a homogeneous unit. Researchers may use the national culture index to investigate relationship between culture and any other social factors. In future we intend to use other cultural dimensions proposed by other researchers to present a national culture index. 

Phyto Effect of Punica granatum on the Remodelling of Maxilla Bone, Study of Osteoblast and Osteoclast

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
Edrizal ◽  
Abidin Trimurni ◽  
Deddi Prima Putra
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Bone Remodelling ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Bone Cell ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Collagen Fibres ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Osteoblasts Differentiation

Punica granatum (PG) contained anthocyanin, the chemical compound that played significant role in increasing bone cell proliferabbitsion and osteoblasts differentiation in bone remodelling. This research was aimed at measuring the effect of Punicagranatum on maxilla bone remodelling relating to the profile of both osteoblast and osteoclast. Punicagranatum was extracted by using butanol while the analysis of bone remodelling was conducted by observing the profile of osteoblast and osteoclast cells using histopathologic method. Butanol hydrogel of Punicagranatum was abled to enhance bone reabsorption which was proven by the increase of osteoclast and new bone formation since the osteoblast was presented. Moreover, bone remodelling activity was characterised by increased collagen fibres and osteocyte cell, in addition, bone shape compactness was getting better. Statistical analysis revealed that the histoscore profile of osteoblast was influenced by butanol fraction dosage with significance level (p<0.05) which was at medium criteria according to Pearson correlation (r=0,6). While the effect of dosage on osteoclast was at significance level (p<0.05) but was poorly correlated with (r=0.01) and osteoblast frequency was dominant at the concentrabbitsion of 125 mg/ml and 250 mg/ml. On the other hand, at the concentrabbitsion of 175 mg/ml osteoclast presentation was found to be more dominant. The fraction of butanol PG was abled to induce osteoblast increment and osteoclast at the concentrabbitsion of (mg/ml) 125, 175, and 250 and accelerabbitse the remodelling of alveolar maxilla.

A Study of the Relationships between Economic Climates, National Culture, and E-Government Readiness

2011 ◽  
pp. 234-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Princely Ifinedo
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Economic Theories ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
The One

As information communication and technologies (ICT-) enabled services such as e-government initiatives diffuse globally, it is becoming clear that some nations are not faring as well as others. Yet, the notion of e-government stands to benefit the sorts of countries that are lagging behind the most. Here, we examine the relationships between economic climates and national cultural factors, on the one hand, and e-government readiness, on the other. Our results showed significant relationships between nations’ economic climates, some cultural dimensions, and e-government readiness. We discussed our findings in the context of three relevant socio-economic theories. We also highlighted the study’s implications for researchers, policy-makers, and governments.

scholarly journals NATIONAL CULTURE AND TRANSPARENCY: EVIDENCE FROM ISLAMIC BANKS

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-109
Author(s):  
Rochania Ayu Yunanda ◽  
Mohammad Ali Tareq ◽  
Akbariah Binti Mahdzir ◽  
Faried Kurnia Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Uncertainty Avoidance ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
National Cultures ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
Other Hand

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of predominant cultural values on banking disclosure. On one hand, Islamic banks have practiced Islamic principles which are universal for all countries. Islamic banks are expected to provide transparent information especially in terms of social and Shariah(Islamic) compliant information as Islamic banks claim themselves to have social objectives as the prime consideration. Islamic banks also have Shariah supervisory body to ensure that the banking activities and business operations are in line with Islamic requirements. On the other hand, Hofstede‘s cultural dimensions and Gray‘s hypotheses have rendered remarkable contributions in financial and accounting practices among different nations. Examining 45 Islamic banks in 11 Moslem majority countries, this paper focuses on four particular cultural dimensions namely individualism/collectivism, masculinity/femininity, uncertainty avoidance, and power distance and whether these dimensions have an impact on transparency. This study found that two out of four national cultures still have significant effect on the transparency level in Moslem majority countries.

National Culture and Its Relationship With Innovation and Corruption

2017 ◽  
pp. 201-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Miguel Freitas da Silva ◽  
António Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Suffering ◽  
Transparency International ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Global Innovation ◽  
Negative Effect

Innovation is a driver of economic growth, wealth and prosperity. On the other hand, corruption emerges as a worldwide problem responsible for sapping resources, inequality, human suffering and poverty. This study hypothesizes that national culture, measured using Hofstede's six cultural dimensions, have an impact on corruption and innovation, and that highly corrupt nations are less innovative. Data were obtained from Hofstede's, Transparency International, and Global Innovation websites for the year 2012. The findings support the claim that most national culture aspects have an impact on corruption, although their impact on innovation is less measurable. Corruption was found to have a strong and negative effect on innovation. Our results draw attention to the usefulness of Hofstede's six-dimension framework in research and the need for further analysis on how corruption influences innovation through mechanisms other than national culture.

Valuing Sustainability

2018 ◽  
pp. 21-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Rojas Morales ◽  
Lars Moratis
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Green Advertising ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Main Effects

Consumers' low awareness and negative attributions remain critical impediments to companies' attempts to reap the potential benefits of CSR. Addressing the gap of how and under which conditions what type of attributions arise and the role of stakeholder factors in CSR communication strategies, the aim of this chapter is to assess to what extent national culture influences the attributions that arise towards green advertising. Preceded by a pre-test, a survey was conducted in Colombia, The Netherlands and USA. With a total of 248 responses, a multiple regression analysis was performed to analyze the data. Results show main effects of national culture on the attribution of negative motives. Specifically, the cultural dimensions power distance and uncertainty avoidance have a negative effect on negative attributions. On the other hand, results indicated that positive attributions are not influenced by national culture. The research stresses the relevance of national culture as a stakeholder-factor, influencing the effectiveness of green advertising.

Pengaruh Kotbah, Musik Gereja Dan Fasilitas Gereja Terhadap Tingkat Kehadiran Jemaat

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Frederich Oscar Lontoh
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Church Music ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Target Population ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Christian Church ◽  
The City

This research is titled " The influence of sermon, church music and church facilities on the level of attendance”. The purpose of research is to identify and analyze whether sermon, church music and church facilities have influence on the the level of attendance. The target population in this study is a Christian church members who live in the city of Surabaya.. Sample required is equal to 47 respondents. Through sampling stratified Random techniques.These influence was measured using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis, t-test and analysis of variance. Descriptive  analysis  were taken to analyze the level of attendance according to demographic groups.The hypothesis in this study are the sermon, church music and church facilities have positive and significant on the level of attendance. The results showed that collectively, there are positive and significant correlation among the sermon, church music and church facilities on the level of attendance  96,2%. It means that 96,2 % of level of attendance influenced by sermon, church music and church facilities and the other 28,9% by others. All of the variable partially have significant correlation to level of attendance.

The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Rh Type

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-9
Author(s):  
Sepideh Iranfar
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Blood Groups ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Groups

This study has been aimed to find out the correlation emotional intelligence and Rhtype. The simple sizes were 35 undergraduate and graduate of Abadan Oil College with the cluster sampling.The correlation between emotional intelligence and P/N blood groups was 0.085 and it does not accept by standard statistics. We enter the other variable as emotional intelligence groups. The correlation between Rh type and emotional intelligence groups was 0.136 and this correlation in 0/2 significance level had been reported significant.The result was tested by t test, and analysis shown significance difference.it was found that scattering of Rh type was not equal on EI.As well as positive groups can receive upper scores of EI than negative ones and negatives groups have less scores of EI the other. In fact most positives have scores between "114-148", means that they can perch in the medium and high groups of EI.

Effect of a-Week Summer Camp on the Hopelessness and Self-Esteem of the University Students Attending Sport Sciences Faculty

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Korkmaz YİĞİTER ◽  
Hakan TOSUN
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Summer Camp ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Female Students ◽  
T Test ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The University

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of participation in a 1-week summer camp on thehopelessness and self-esteem of the university students attending Sport Sciences Faculty. Participants were 36university students assigned to experiment group using a random procedure. Coopersmith Self-esteem and Beck Hopelessness Scales were completed at the beginning and end of the summer camp by designed the university. The obtained data were analysed in the SPSS 18.0 program and the significance level was taken as 0.05. The descriptive statistics, independent simple t test, paired simple t test and Pearson correlation were used for analyse the data in the study. According to the results of the research, no significant difference was observed in the comparison of the hopelessness and self-esteem levels between pre and post-test. In addition, there was a significant difference in the hopelessness level of male and female students but any significant difference was not observed in terms of self-esteem. There was a significant relationship between hopelessness and self-esteem pre and post-test. These result shows that a 1-week summer camp cannot change the hopelessness or self-esteem level. However, as the self-esteem rises, the rate of despair decreases whereas as the despair rises, the selfesteem decreases.

Foreign Aid and its Role in Maintaining the Exploitation of the Agricultural Sector: Evidence from a Case Study in Africa

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Schuftan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
National Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sizable Proportion ◽  
Using Data ◽  
State Of Affairs

Today most foreign aid donors are genuinely committed to the idea that development in Third World countries should start with rural development. Therefore, a sizable proportion of their development funds are invested in rural projects. However, donors channel these funds through local governments (most often representing local bourgeois interests) that are not as committed to the principle of rural development. These governments are often also embarked in policies that are actually—directly or indirectly—expropriating the surpluses generated by agriculture and investing them in the other sectors of the economy. The peasants are therefore footing most of the bill of overall national development. This paper contends that, because of this state of affairs, foreign aid directed toward rural development is actually filling the investment gap left by an internal system of unequal returns to production in agriculture. In so doing, foreign aid is indirectly financing the development of the other sectors of the economy, even if this result is unintended. This perpetrates maldevelopment without redressing the basic exploitation process of peasants which lies at the core of underdevelopment. Evidence to support this hypothesis is presented using data from a primarily agricultural exporting country: the United Republic of Cameroon.

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