ANALISIS KINERJA TIANG DENGAN VARIASI KEMIRINGAN DI DERMAGA “SJ” BANDAR LAMPUNG

The design of the jetty cannot be separated from the use of piles as a foundation that supports the upper structure. The pile configuration affects the strength and stability of the structure. It may consist of only vertical piles or a combination of vertical and batter piles. This study analyzes and compares 10 types of pile configurations intending to determine the best pile configuration among the types analyzed. Type 1 is a pile configuration that is in accordance with the field planning of “SJ” jetty which consists of only vertical piles and type 2 to type 10 is a pile configuration that consists of a combination of vertical and batter piles with a slope ranging from 1H:12V to 1H:4V. The best configuration is determined based on the strength (capacity ratio), stiffness (deflection that occurs), and the axial bearing capacity of the pile. The process of modeling and analyzing the pile configurations are done using Midas Gen. The results showed that pile configuration type 8 with a combination of vertical and batter piles with a slope of 1H:6V is the best configuration with the smallest deflection and the axial forces of the vertical and batter piles are almost equal.ABSTRAKDesain dermaga tidak dapat dipisahkan dari penggunaan tiang sebagai fondasi yang menyangga struktur bagian atas. Konfigurasi tiang berpengaruh pada kekuatan dan stabilitas dari struktur dermaga. Konfigurasi tiang dapat terdiri dari tegak seluruhnya maupun kombinasi antara tiang tegak dan miring. Penelitian ini menganalisis dan membandingkan 10 tipe konfigurasi tiang dengan tujuan mendapatkan konfigurasi tiang terbaik di antara tipe-tipe yang dianalisis. Tipe 1 adalah konfigurasi tiang yang sesuai dengan perencanaan dermaga “SJ” berupa tiang tegak seluruhnya dan tipe 2 hingga tipe 10 adalah konfigurasi kombinasi tiang tegak dan miring dengan kemiringan 1H:12V hingga 1H:4V. Konfigurasi tiang terbaik ditentukan berdasarkan kekuatan (capacity ratio), kekakuan (defleksi yang terjadi), dan daya dukung aksial tiang. Model dan proses analisis dari seluruh konfigurasi tiang menggunakan program Midas Gen. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa konfigurasi tiang tipe 8 dengan kombinasi tiang tegak dan miring dengan kemiringan 1H:6V adalah konfigurasi terbaik dengan defleksi terkecil serta gaya aksial tiang tegak dan miring yang hampir sama.

Casing Integrity Evaluation in Complex Subsurface Intervention Abandonment Wells Using Magnetic Ranging

This paper describes how active and passive magnetic ranging logging used while drilling subsurface intervention wells shows characteristics of the target well casing integrity and damage. Over the course of the development of a novel active magnetic ranging system and through several years of commercial application, data has been collected and analyzed to understand the characteristics of casing damage. This paper explains the methods used in field operations to collect this data. Using the gathered information, various stages of casing damage and poor integrity are shown. Results obtained from active and passive magnetic ranging are presented in the context of identifying casing damage. This is a departure from the standard methods of interpreting the data as it is not focused on locating a wellbore but determining the integrity of the casing. Casing integrity in idle wells is usually understood by conventional logging techniques until there is a restriction or damage on the well. Magnetic ranging logging performed during the intervention to abandon these wells can give an indication to operators of the casing integrity that otherwise would have been unknown without access to the damaged well. This can help optimize subsequent abandonment procedures as well as assist with field planning into the future to mitigate issues stemming from casing integrity and to identify the causes of previously unknown critical casing damage. The paper reports surface experimental data and compares it with two field examples. In the first field example, the passive magnetic interference from a hundred-year-old casing in the offset well caused more than 100000nT deviation from the reference field approximately 1ft away from the offset well, suggesting severe casing damage. The active magnetic signature measured simultaneously approaches zero, pointing to a lack of electrical continuity in the offset casing caused by a complete break. The second field example shows an offset well segment with passive interference of 7000nT in the presence of a stable active magnetic signal at approximately 2ft separation between wells due to possible casing damage without complete separation. The passive interference increases to 14000 nT at deeper depth while the active signal approaches zero due to a complete casing break. Novel application using the data collected by active and passive magnetic ranging techniques is being applied for the understanding of issues related to casing integrity.

Adumbrative Heterodox Dictum of Wellbore Aggregates From Sapient Recovery Factor Penchants For Honed Field Praxis

Puissant field planning is increasingly becoming a sophisticated quandary with less emphasis on parametric synergy with reservoir spasmodic acuity. This conundrum leads to inaccurate harbinger of the required number of wells to be drilled for future field development programs from existing production and reservoir data particularly at pressures above the bubble point which is a major sobriety as orchestrated in most recent simulators. The aim of this erudition is to compendiously carry out astute predictive heterodox principles of wellbore aggregates from critical recovery factor parameters for savvy field planning. The main objectives are to glean and develop new propinquities for differential pressures (ΔP), rock compressibilities (Co) and oil formation volume factors (Bo) for predicting the number of wells to be drilled and recovery factors (RF) by equating the simulated results and the theoretical model (Ezekwe, 2010). To elucidate, metaphorize and ruminate new models. Reservoir and economic data was carefully simulated using FAST-FEKETE Evolution software for initial 40 future oil wells. Average results were mathematically correlated with recovery factor model to produce new correlations to quickly re-jig field planning efficiency. Results of matched and validated compressibility factors, differential reservoir pressures and oil formation volume factors were correlated with field data from Ezekwe (2011) model. Results of compressibility factor showed increasing similar 3rd order polynomial converging correlation for both models but gave slight divergence with increasing number of wells and RF. Results of differential pressures gave linearly increasing correlation with number of wells and RF while the new model had a cross-over point at 6435.64 psi for 2 wells but slightly increased divergently with number of wells and RF. Results of oil FVF gave a good similar regression (R2) of 0.999 while both models showed decreasing 3rd order polynomial correlation comparison with number of wells but with slight divergent disparity with increased RF. To further validate the potency of this study, detailed comprehensive paired sample test gave standard deviation, standard error of mean and degree of freedom of 0.00356, 0.0012 and 8 for compressibility factors; 324.7, 102.68 and 9 for differential pressure while the oil formation volume factor gave 0.0067, 0.0021 and 9. The predictions obtained by the new model showed appreciable degree of consistency and accuracy with number of wells and RF. This is perhaps largely hinged on the capacity to cogently infuse field data with theoretical and simulated models effectively. This study has clearly shown that no special technique or rigorous computational procedures is required to plan future number of wells to be drilled in a field or perhaps estimate the required RF. Sequel to this, further research is encouraged to inculcate more correlations based on comprehensive field validation studies to improve the efficacy of this model.

The Use of Mathematical Programming to Determine Optimal Production and Drilling Schedule in an Offshore Oil Field, A Case Study From the Barents Sea

A field with two neighboring reservoirs was discovered in the Barents Sea in 2013 and 2014. After a successful extended well test of an appraisal well in 2018 and initial field planning tasks, a preliminary drilling and production schedule was proposed based on cross-domain collaboration and group work involving several disciplines. In this paper, mathematical programming is employed to model and optimize the economic value of the project in order to determine the best drilling and production schedule for the field. The optimization includes some of the technical constraints considered by the field development team while also considering uncertainties such as reservoir size, productivity of well, and cost. These have been systematically evaluated by using simulation-based optimization (sampling). The results were that the use of mathematical programming allows the field planner to evaluate several scenarios within a reasonable time frame, thereby enabling rapid changes in the decisions to respond to new information and risk considerations in a dynamic environment. This paper illustrates the benefits of utilizing mathematical programming in early field planning to optimize the drilling and production schedule.

A New Method for High Resolution Surface Change Detection: Data Collection and Validation of Measurements from UAS at the Nevada National Security Site, Nevada, USA

The use of uncrewed aerial systems (UAS) increases the opportunities for detecting surface changes in remote areas and in challenging terrain. Detecting surface topographic changes offers an important constraint for understanding earthquake damage, groundwater depletion, effects of mining, and other events. For these purposes, changes on the order of 5–10 cm are readily detected, but sometimes it is necessary to detect smaller changes. An example is the surface changes that result from underground explosions, which can be as small as 3 cm. Previous studies that described change detection methodologies were generally not aimed at detecting sub-5-cm changes. Additionally, studies focused on high-fidelity accuracy were either computationally modeled or did not fully provide the necessary examples to highlight the usability of these workflows. Detecting changes at this threshold may be critical in certain applications, such as global security research and monitoring for high-consequence natural hazards, including landslides. Here we provide a detailed description of the methodology we used to detect 2–3 cm changes in an important applied research setting—surface changes related to underground explosions. This methodology improves the accuracy of change detection data collection and analysis through the optimization of pre-field planning, surveying, flight operations, and post-processing the collected data, all of which are critical to obtaining the highest output data resolution possible. We applied this methodology to a field study location, collecting 1.4 Tb of images over the course of 30 flights, and location data for 239 ground control points (GCPs). We independently verified changes with orthoimagery, and found that structure-from-motion, software-reported root mean square errors (RMSEs) for both control and check points underestimated the actual error. We found that 3 cm changes are detectable with this methodology, thereby improving our knowledge of a rock’s response to underground explosions.

LifeDNAquatic: A priori settings and refined pipelines of eDNA metabarcoding to generate "big data" for solid fish, mussel and amphibian SDMs

Sound environmental management decisions - in accordance with the EU WFD for aquatic ecosystems – mainly depend on reliable species presence- and distribution- data. Here we present a workflow from sampling strategies to results and decision making using eDNA metabarcoding analyses for fish, amphibians, and mussels from habitat to landscape scales with focus on sampling strategies for "big data" in marine and freshwater ecosystems in Sweden. The project LifeDNAquatic highlights a solid eDNA pipeline and comparison of methods, which cover field planning and the entire pipeline generating data for Species Distribution Models (SDMs). Intense sampling over a large river catchment highlights previoulsy unanswered questionsand and provides insights to a priori settings for sampling strategies to retrieve "big data". The results provide novel insights to DNA distribution in the environment, seasonal and spatial changes in eDNA composition, and validation of data.

Recent theoretical and empirical development in Management and planning: A review

Management planning includes the development of forecasts, objectives, policies,programmes. It also involves the procedures, schedules and budgets. This study aims toreview the recent development in the theories of management and planning. It also reviewsthe recent empirical breakthrough in the field. Planning is also a strategic mechanism thathelps to determine priorities for the future direction of an organization and to establish theactivities and resources needed to reach those goals. Managers may create a strategic strategyor a marketing plan, for example, in order to accomplish targets. The intention may be toaccomplish those aims or objectives. The key aim of planning is to define the existing toolsand optimally use them to produce the best performance. . The recent decades saw a numberof development in management and planning on theoretical and empirical basis. This studycritically examine the newly developed methods, theories, and empirical findings.

Study of the Parameters of the Planner with a Screw Working Body

This chapter examined the theoretical background of the use of a screw working body in front of the planner bucket and conducting experiments in laboratory conditions with the proposed working body. This work supports the practical solution of using a screw working particle in the current field planning. Significance of the work reducing traction resistance to soil movement up to 20% enables the tractor unit to work at higher speeds of translational motion; the latter contributes to increased productivity, improved planning quality and reduced cash costs per unit of work performed. The chapter was prepared under results of research in the Mechanics Laboratory of Bukhara Engineering Technological Institute.