Effects of Anisotropy on Strongly Magnetized Neutron and Strange Quark Stars in General Relativity

We investigate the properties of anisotropic, spherically symmetric compact stars, especially neutron stars (NSs) and strange quark stars (SQSs), made of strongly magnetized matter. The NSs are described by the SLy equation of state (EOS) and the SQSs by an EOS based on the MIT Bag model. The stellar models are based on an a priori assumed density dependence of the magnetic field and thus anisotropy. Our study shows that not only the presence of a strong magnetic field and anisotropy, but also the orientation of the magnetic field itself, have an important influence on the physical properties of stars. Two possible magnetic field orientations are considered: a radial orientation where the local magnetic fields point in the radial direction, and a transverse orientation, where the local magnetic fields are perpendicular to the radial direction. Interestingly, we find that for a transverse orientation of the magnetic field, the stars become more massive with increasing anisotropy and magnetic-field strength and increase in size since the repulsive, effective anisotropic force increases in this case. In the case of a radially oriented magnetic field, however, the masses and radii of the stars decrease with increasing magnetic-field strength because of the decreasing effective anisotropic force. Importantly, we also show that in order to achieve hydrostatic equilibrium configurations of magnetized matter, it is essential to account for both the local anisotropy effects as well as the anisotropy effects caused by a strong magnetic field. Otherwise, hydrostatic equilibrium is not achieved for magnetized stellar models.

Aesthetic Preference in the Transverse Orientation of the Occlusal Plane in Rehabilitation: Perspective of Laypeople and Dentists

The present study had a convenience sample with 236 laypeople and 242 dentists who completed an online questionnaire to choose the most attractive image among six pairs for comparison. Control image: symmetric (parallelism between occlusal plane (OP), commissural line (CL), and interpupillary line (IL)). Change of Control, obtaining three images with a 3-degree inclination of the labial commissures. Image A: OP parallel to IL; Image B: OP parallel to CL; Image C: OP at 1.5 degree mean angulation between IL and CL. Non-parametric comparison (IBM© SPSS Statistics vs. 27.0, p < 0.05). The “Dentists” group’s decreasing order of preference (attractiveness) of the images is: Control > A > C > B (p < 0.05). In the “Lay” group, it is: Control > A > (C not ≠ B). Dentists significantly prefer more the Control and Image A than laypeople (p < 0.001). Sex (single exception in laypeople), age, and dentist’s area of activity did not interfere in the perception of attractiveness. Dentists and laypeople preferred the Control when compared to images with CL canted. In the existence of CL inclination, the preference of the groups was the IL as a reference for OP orientation, with the mean angulation or coincident with the CL being considered less aesthetic.

Suppression of relaxation of higher polarization moments of alkali atoms in superfrequent spin-exchange collisions

Consideration of nonlinear spin-exchange equations showed that, in addition to the well-known suppression of the relaxation of the transverse orientation of atoms in a low magnetic field, relaxation of higher polarization moments (alignment, octupole, hexadecapole, etc) are also suppressed. Such suppression of relaxation is caused by the conservation of the transverse angular momentum of atoms in collisions.

Polymer Blends and Polymer Nanocomposites for Photovoltaic (PV) Cells and an Investigation of the Material Deposition Techniques in PV Cell Fabrication

Polymer photovoltaics (PV) offer the advantage of low-cost, mass-produced, flexible PV films, but they generally suffer from a low-power conversion efficiency (PCE) compared to silicon. This paper studies ITO/PEDOT:PSS/bulk heterojunction/Al PV cells, where two different bulk heterojunction blends are researched: P3HT/PC61BM and PCDTBT/PC70BM. The addition of multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNT) is explored as a conductive network to accelerate the electron transport and extraction to the outer aluminium current collector while reducing the chance of charge recombinations. Several layer deposition techniques are investigated: spin coating and casting, as well as techniques that would induce transverse orientation of polymer grains, including inkjet printing, electrophoresis and the application of a transverse AC field during annealing. Transverse orientation techniques produced architectures that would facilitate charge transport without recombinations, but it is recommended to avoid such techniques for the deposition of conductive PEDOT:PSS and CNT layers as they create a high surface roughness that leads to short circuiting. The best performing PV cell is the ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PCDTBT/PC70BM/CNT/Al structure with a PCE of 11%.

Classification of the triaxial ellipsoid projections

There are generally accepted classifications of cartographic projections of a sphere and an ellipsoid of revolution according to various criteria. The projections of a triaxial ellipsoid have a number of differences from those of a sphere and an ellipsoid of revolution; therefore, the existing classifications need to be clarified. The definitions of the main classes of cartographic projections of a sphere and an ellipsoid of revolution by the type of cartographic grid cannot be extended to those of a triaxial ellipsoid. At the same time, the traditional approach with the auxiliary surface is maintained. To obtain projections of a triaxial ellipsoid in transverse orientation, there is no need to recalculate through polar spherical coordinates as is done for those of a sphere and an ellipsoid of revolution. The transition is carried out by rotating the ellipsoid around the axes, which is much easier. In the classification of the projections of a triaxial ellipsoid according to the distortions, it is necessary to distinguish conformal, quasiconformal, equal-area projections and the ones which preserve lengths along the meridians.

Does longitudinal or transverse orientation of the ultrasound probe improve cannulation success in minimally invasive venous surgery: A multicentre randomised controlled trial

Objective This study evaluates the effect of transverse and longitudinal ultrasound transducer orientation on saphenous vein cannulation during endovenous ablation. Methods A single-blinded, multicentre, randomised controlled trial was performed in patients undergoing ultrasound-guided venous cannulation for saphenous ablation. The primary outcomes were overall cannulation success and time to successful cannulation. Results In total, 100 patients were assigned to parallel longitudinal orientation and transverse orientation groups. Cannulation success was 100%. There was no significant variation in time to cannulation detected between the transverse orientation and longitudinal orientation (85 s vs. 71 s, p = 0.314). Longitudinal orientation was associated with significantly fewer needle passes [median 3 (interquartile range 1–5) vs. 2 (interquartile range 1–3), p = 0.026] and less pain (median visual analogue scale score 1 vs. 2.5, p = 0.039) than those in the transverse orientation group. Conclusion This trial has shown that while longitudinal orientation is associated with less procedural pain it has no significant effect on time to target vein cannulation during endovenous ablation.

Динамика импульсного перемагничивания магнитоодноосных наночастиц

The magnetic moment response of a magneto-uniaxial nanoparticle and a flat lattice of similar nanoparticles are being studied under the action of a short Gaussian pulse of a magnetic field in the presence and in the absence of its modulation. The periodic dependence of the final orientation and duration of a response of the magnetic moments on the pulse duration and its peak value have been revealed and analyzed. The effect on processes magnetization reversal of a weak magnetizing field and the deviation of the pulse of field from the transverse orientation has been studied. Have been shown that the influence of the dipole-dipole interaction leads to modulation of the response to the pulse action.

Performance evaluation of rough thrust pad bearing under thermo-elastohydrodynamic lubrication using an improved iterative method

The asperities present on interacting surfaces of a bearing influence the film formation when the oil film becomes thinner and thinner. The aim of this article is to study the effect of stochastic roughness on bearing performance under thermo-piezoviscous and elastic condition using an average flow model. To investigate the present operating conditions, progressive mesh densification method as a fast and simple algorithm has been applied. The results obtained indicate that transverse roughness generates higher pressure compared to other orientational roughness at various film thicknesses. Maximum pressure, mass flow rate and load capacity are larger in transverse roughness compared to other orientational roughness for all values of hydrodynamic roughness parameters. A large sensitivity in load capacity for transverse orientation compared to longitudinal at higher film thickness and small film thickness ratios are witnessed. The frictional coefficient in longitudinal orientation is large compared to transverse orientation at all values of film thickness ratio and step ratios. Materials with low elastic modulus undergo large deformation, resulting in generation of two sharp pressure peaks. These results may possess good acceptability to practical applications for studying the effect of surface roughness under thermo-elastohydrodynamic lubrication condition.

Moth Flame Optimization Based on Golden Section Search and its Application for Link Prediction Problem

Moth Flame Optimization (MFO) is one of the meta-heuristic algorithms that recently proposed. MFO is inspired from the method of moths&#39; navigation in natural world which is called transverse orientation. This paper presents an improvement of MFO algorithm based on Golden Section Search method (GSS), namely GMFO. GSS is a search method aims at locating the best maximum or minimum point in the problem search space by narrowing the interval that containing this point iteratively until a particular accuracy is reached. In this paper, the GMFO algorithm is tested on fifteen benchmark functions. Then, GMFO is applied for link prediction problem on five datasets and compared with other well-regarded meta- heuristic algorithms. Link prediction problem interests in predicting the possibility of appearing a connection between two nodes of a network, while there is no connection between these nodes in the present state of the network. Based on the experimental results, GMFO algorithm significantly improves the original MFO in solving most of benchmark functions and providing more accurate prediction results for link prediction problem for major datasets.