Classification of the triaxial ellipsoid projections

2021 ◽  
Vol 972 (6) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
M.V. Nyrtsov ◽  
M.E. Fleis
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Triaxial Ellipsoid ◽  
Spherical Coordinates ◽  
Transverse Orientation ◽  
Equal Area ◽  
Ellipsoid Of Revolution

There are generally accepted classifications of cartographic projections of a sphere and an ellipsoid of revolution according to various criteria. The projections of a triaxial ellipsoid have a number of differences from those of a sphere and an ellipsoid of revolution; therefore, the existing classifications need to be clarified. The definitions of the main classes of cartographic projections of a sphere and an ellipsoid of revolution by the type of cartographic grid cannot be extended to those of a triaxial ellipsoid. At the same time, the traditional approach with the auxiliary surface is maintained. To obtain projections of a triaxial ellipsoid in transverse orientation, there is no need to recalculate through polar spherical coordinates as is done for those of a sphere and an ellipsoid of revolution. The transition is carried out by rotating the ellipsoid around the axes, which is much easier. In the classification of the projections of a triaxial ellipsoid according to the distortions, it is necessary to distinguish conformal, quasiconformal, equal-area projections and the ones which preserve lengths along the meridians.

scholarly journals Improving MUSLE performance for sediment yield prediction at micro-watershed level using seasonal classified data

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-512
Author(s):  
Hamzeh Noor ◽  
Mohammad Rostami Khalaj
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Estimation Error ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
North East ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
The North ◽  
East Of Iran ◽  
Different Seasons

Abstract Separating erosion data and assessing season-based models are of great importance considering the variation in soil erosion processes in different seasons, especially in semi-arid regions. However, evaluation of an erosion model using seasonal classification of data and at a micro-watershed level have rarely been considered. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the modified universal soil loss equation (MUSLE): 1) with the seasonal classification of data and 2) with the traditional approach (no classification of data), in the Sanganeh research micro-watershed. This watershed has an area of 1.2 ha and is located in the north east of Iran. The results showed that the original MUSLE overestimated the sediment yield in the study watershed. Also, after calibration of MUSLE, the seasonal classification of data (with a relative estimation error (RE) of 34%) showed its superior performance compared with the traditional calibration approach (with a RE of 62%). In this regard, the obtained REs of 33, 40, and 31% respectively for spring, autumn, and winter are within or close to the acceptable range.

Does productivity drive the real exchange rate movements? A re-examination of the Balassa–Samuelson hypothesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1093-1118
Author(s):  
Bhushan Praveen Jangam ◽  
Badri Narayan Rath
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Real Exchange Rate ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Threshold Model ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cointegration Tests ◽  
Increase In Productivity

PurposeThe primary purpose of this study is to examine whether the classification of industries into the tradable and nontradable matters for the Balassa–Samuelson (BS) effect.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses annual data for 38 countries from 1995 to 2014. To examine whether the classification of industries matter, the study proceeds with two approaches, that is, “traditional” and “benchmark”.FindingsFirst, by applying panel cointegration tests of Pedroni and Westerlund, the results validate the BS hypothesis. However, the coefficients of long-run elasticities show appreciation of real exchange rate (RER) due to increase in productivity in the case of “traditional approach”, whereas depreciation of RER in the case of “benchmark approach”. Second, by applying the Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel Granger causality test, the results reveal the bi-directional causality among RER and productivity for both the approaches. Further, to provide more insights, the study employs a fixed-effects panel threshold model. The results indicate that increase in productivity leads to both appreciation and depreciation of RER depending on threshold regimes.Practical implicationsThe study ascertains that the evidence of BS effect depends on the choice of approach considered. However, irrespective of the classification, there exists a BS effect beyond a threshold.Originality/valueAlthough the BS effect is well established in the literature; there is no study examining the importance of classification of industries at a disaggregated level. Furthermore, there is no consideration of threshold effects.

Issues in the Classification of Motor Disorders

1991 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter E. Davis ◽  
Terry L. Rizzo
Keyword(s):  
Special Educators ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Motor Disorders ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Current Classification ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Labeling System

The detrimental effects of labeling persons as disabled is well known to special educators, many of whom have advocated doing away with labels altogether. However, as a fundamental of science, classification is extremely important. The problem may not be the labeling process per se but one of societal attitudes. Labels are both a product and provocation of attitudes. A review of the current classification systems pinpoints eight characteristics that are problematic in classifying motor disorders. Gibson’s (1977) theory of affordance offers one way of providing a more accurate and useful labeling system, and at the same time addressing, in part, the negative attitude problem. In an affordance approach, the label applies to the behavior as a product of the person/environment system rather than to the person alone, which is the traditional approach. The new classification system offered here, although not complete, differs from the traditional systems in several ways and is seen as useful to researchers and educators alike.

scholarly journals USING THE SYSTEM OF DIRECT COSTING IN THE ANALYSIS OF THE PROFITABILITY OF THE ENTERPRISES OF THE HOTEL AND RESTAURANT BUSINESS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Shulla ◽  
Mariana Popyk
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Hotel Management ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Profitability Analysis ◽  
Operational Management ◽  
Alternative Approaches

The article examines the problem of information and analytical management support in order to increase the profitability of the hotel and restaurant business through the use of such a tool of management accounting as a system of simple and complex «direct costing». The structure of services provided by hotel and restaurant enterprises is analyzed. For the purposes of profitability analysis, the classification of services into such groups as hotel services, restaurant services and complementary services is proposed. An approach to the analysis of profitability of enterprises of hotel and restaurant business in terms of such objects as individual "areas of activity" (hotel management, restaurant business, provision of complementary services) is proposed. In terms of areas of activity, a comparative analysis of different approaches to the formation of financial results of the hotel and restaurant business was conducted. It was revealed that for the purposes of management, the application of the approach based on the indicator of the total cost and determining with its help the indicator of gross profit for certain areas of activity of the enterprises of the hotel and restaurant business is characterized by significant disadvantages associated primarily with the fictitious distribution of indirect (joint) fixed costs. It was revealed that for the purposes of operational management, it is more efficient to use the indicator of variable costs and the indicator of profit margin formed on its basis in the analysis of profitability. In addition, for the enterprises of the hotel and restaurant business, an alternative tool for information and analytical support of management in the form of complicated direct costing is proposed, which is based on the systematic distribution of costs for the constant and variable components and differentiated approach to the hierarchical decomposition of the fixed cost unit. Compared to the traditional approach, which is based on the use of the total cost and gross profit indicator, the proposed alternative approaches allow management to make more balanced and effective decisions, both operative (system of "simple direct costing") and strategic (system of complex direct costing).

scholarly journals A novel intelligent instrument for the detection and monitoring of thrust reverse noise at airports

ACTA IMEKO ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
C. Asensio ◽  
M. Ruiz ◽  
M. Recuero ◽  
G. Moschioni ◽  
M. Tarabini
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Microphone Array ◽  
Power Level ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Noise Sources ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Sound Power Level ◽  
Good Classification ◽  
Night Period

Many airports all over the world have established restrictions for the use of thrust reverse for slowing down aircraft after landings, especially during the night period, as a way of reducing noise impact and the number of complaints in the vicinity of airports. This is the case of Madrid airport, where the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, in collaboration with AENA, and the Politecnico di Milano have been researching, and developing intelligent instruments to improve the detection and classification of thrust reverse noise among other noise sources present in the airport. Based on a traditional approach, the thrust reverse noise detection tool detects two consecutive sound events, and applies pattern recognition techniques for the classification of each of them (such as landing and thrust reverse). A second improvement refers to the use of a microphone array linked to a noise- monitoring unit, which enables tracking the direction of arrival of the sound, thus improving the classification rates. By taking the latter, it is also possible to track the aircraft location along the runway, which enables sound pressure measurements to be transformed into sound power level estimations. Although the novel instrument can still be optimized and customized, the results have shown quite good classification rates (over 90%).

scholarly journals LOW BACK PAIN SYNDROME, COMPARISON OF VIEWS ON THE PROBLEM

2017 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
A. I. Gamanovich ◽  
B. V. Drivotinov
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
English Language ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Lower Back

Objective: to compare the effectiveness of two approaches to the treatment of patients with low back pain syndrome: the traditional approach based on the classification of I.P.Antonov (1984) and more modern one based on the criteria of nonspecific pain. Material and methods. The work gives the data of complex examination and treatment of 628 patients of the main group and 79 patients of the comparison group. Results and discussion. Both the groups detected abnormalities from normal values with greater frequency in laboratory and tool methods of research. The duration of inpatient treatment of the patients of the main group was statistically significantly shorter due to a differentiated traditional approach to the treatment of patients with vertebrogenic lumbosacral pain syndrome. Conclusion. The traditional approach to the concretization of pain syndrome in lumbar osteochondrosis substantially in terms of effectiveness exceeds the concept of nonspecific pain in the lower back, references for which dominate in English-language sources.

scholarly journals Metacarpal fractures in children (literature review)

2019 ◽  
Vol 178 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-88
Author(s):  
S. U. Semenov ◽  
N. G. Zhila ◽  
K. M. Komarov ◽  
P. B. Komarov
Keyword(s):  
Growth Plate ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
Metacarpal Fractures ◽  
Fractures In Children ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Metacarpal Bones ◽  
Extent Of Damage

Hand injury holds one of the first places among injuries of the musculoskeletal system in children. The share of fractures of metacarpal bones account for 10 to 35 % of all fractures, while for 1/5 of pediatric patients they are accompanied by injury to the growth plate. The existing classification of pediatric metacarpal fractures does not accurately reflect the nature and extent of damage to the growth plate; it underestimates or overestimates the nature of the fracture, the degree of displacement of fragments of metacarpal bones with the traditional approach to treatment, without taking into account the age-related anatomical and physiological characteristics of the traumatized child. Further scientific research on the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic injuries of metacarpal bones in children, the introduction of the results of these studies into clinical practice will contribute to improving the quality of care for patients with hand injuries and to preventing disability of the children.

scholarly journals Cholera as a present-day concern in perception of the dwellers of the county town of Tsaritsyn (based on the materials of the newspaper “Volzhsko-Donskoy Listok”)

2021 ◽  
pp. 151-168
Author(s):  
Irina Vasil'evna Maksimova
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Cholera Epidemic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
First Time ◽  
County Town

The object of this research is the regional press as a source on the history of cholera epidemics of the late XIX century. The subject is the public moods and behavioral practices of the dwellers of the county town of Saratov governorate – Tsaritsyn, which was affected by cholera epidemic of 1892, in coverage of the regional press. The historiographical framework consists on the versatile and unique materials of the municipal newspaper "Volzhsko-Donskoy Listok", which are introduced into the scientific discourse for the first time. A detailed analysis of the annual publications of local press allowed tracing the chronology of the traditional approach towards perception of the poorly studied in literature cholera epidemics of 1892 in Tsaritsyn in the context of studying the history of everyday life. The author reveals this topic up until September 1893. Special attention is turned to examination of different stereotypical models of behavior that appeared to be widespread among the population, and became a somewhat response to the emerged situation of biological and social nature. The research is based on the interdisciplinary approach that implies comprehensive examination of the problem, involving the achievements in the history of medicine, historiography, psychology, sociology, etc. This article is the first attempt within the regional historiography to holistically examine the cholera epidemic of 1892 in Tsaritsyn. The conducted analysis of the newspaper “Volzhsko-Donskoy Listok” allowed to highly rate the informative capabilities of the regional press for studying cholera epidemics and their impact on life of the population in the post-reform period. The author offers the original classification of the whole variety of materials on the topic, as well as outlines the ways for their further usage.

Gramáticas y Ortografías Españolas Preacadémicas en el Siglo xviii

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 73-93
Author(s):  
María José Martínez Alcalde
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Royal Academy ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
San Pedro ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

Summary Studies on the history of Spanish grammar generally pay less attention to the period that follows the works of Gonzalo Correas and ends with the publication of the grammar of the Spanish Royal Academy (i.e., 1640–1770) than to both what precedes and what follows this period. Focusing specifically on the 18th century, the importance of the publication of the first grammar of the Royal Academy (1771) diminished interest in authors who published works on grammar during the preceding seven decades. That part of the 18th century that, from a grammatical perspective, may be called ‘preacademic’, is usually considered uninteresting, particularly when compared with the grammatical achievements of the 16th and 17th centuries. The most important Spanish grammarian of this period, Benito de San Pedro (1723–1801), stands out for anticipating the adoption of rationalist positions taken from French grammatical studies; his work of 1769 is in contrast with that of Benito Martinez Gayoso (c.1710–1787) of 1743, which represents a less interesting traditional approach to grammar. In this article these two opposing approaches are studied; they parallel better studied contrasts among other Spanish grammarians. It also presents the circumstances that allow for the establishment of a relationship between the publication of the treatises of Martinez Gayoso and San Pedro. It shows that some of the innovations attributed to Benito de San Pedro, such as the classification of the so-called indefinite articles, was discussed earlier, and in a clearer manner, by Martinez Gayoso. However, it is in a more modest and later pre-academic grammar, that of Salvador Puig (1719–1793) of 1770, where one finds the best and the most exhaustive treatment of the subject. This is only one of many interesting proposals of solutions to grammatical problems that one finds in the works of this period, including differences in approaches to orthography, before and even after the publication of the grammar and the orthography of the Royal Academy.

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