A Framework for Reversible Data Embedding into Base45 and Other Non-Base64 Encoded Strings

Printable string encodings are widely used in several applications that cannot deal with binary data, the most known example being the mail system. In this paper, we investigate the potential of some of the proposed encodings to hide and carry extra information. We describe a framework for reversibly embedding data in printable string encodings, like Base45. The method leverages the characteristic of some encodings that are not surjective by using illegal configurations to embed one bit of information. With the assumption of uniformly distributed binary input data, an estimation of the expected payload can be computed easily. Results are reported for Base45 and Base85 encodings.

Communicating an Empire and Its Many Worlds: Spanish American Mail, Logistics, and Postal Agents, 1492–1620

This article examines the principles underlying Spanish American mail during the government of the first Hapsburgs. I propose that this mail system, in which official and unofficial postal services coexisted, allowed for an intense communicational experience; rather than restricting correspondence, mail circulated at unprecedented levels. To understand this system's rationale I focus on the figure of the correos mayores, who were responsible for the distribution of official information (or information of interest to the crown) within certain Spanish American cities. Using sources in American and European archives, I question the premise that Spanish American communication was chaotic during this period. I also argue that the exceptional circulation of mail within Spanish America and overseas during the sixteenth century is essential for understanding European expansion and the early modern world.

Voice Based E-Mail System

In today's world, communication has become very easy due to integration of communication technologies with internet. However, the visually challenged people find it very difficult to utilize this technology because of the fact that using it requires visual perception. Even though much advancement has been implemented to help them use computers efficiently, no user who is visually challenged can use this technology as efficiently as a normal user since they require some practice for using the available technologies. This project aims at developing an email system that will help even a naïve, visually impaired person to use the services for communication without previous training. The system does not require the use of keyboard. Instead, it will work only on mouse operations and speech. This system can also be used by any normal person, for instance, by someone who is unable to read.

E-Mail Reader for Blind People

To develop a voice primarily based email system that will facilitate visually impaired individuals to access email in a problem free manner. Together with providing usage of mail services simply and with efficiency, the system also will cut back the psychological feature work that must be unremarkably taken by the visually impaired to recollect and sort characters using the normal Braille keyboards, which are accessible to them. The graphical user interface of this method has been evaluated against the interface of the traditionally accessible mail system. Not only for visually impaired, but also for people who are illiterate might have the benefit of this technique. The foremost crucial facet which will be thought of developing this technique is that the users of this technique does not have any basic information regarding the keyboard shortcuts used or wherever the keys are used for. All functions to be utilized in this technique are supposed to be easy mouse click operations creating the system very user friendly. This application proposes an android application, designed specifically for visually impaired individuals. This application provides a voice primarily based mailing service which provides them to browse and send mail on their own, without any guidance. The users ought to use certain keywords which can perform certain actions for e.g. Read, Send, and Compose Mail, Address Book etc. This EMAIL system is utilized by a visually handicapped person to access mails easily and with efficiency. Therefore reliance of visually impaired on others for his or her own activities associated with mail are often reduced.

Application of Artificial Intelligence in Innovative Mailing System

As the technology is enhancing, people are coming closer to digital life and digital communication. There are many ways to communicate with others through internet in this new advanced era. Most of them are choosing the easiest way of communication i.e., Electronic mail (E-mail). E-mail is the technology that enables user to contact with others by sending mails and also helps in business world communication. There are people who cannot use these technologies because either they are illiterate or do not have ability to see the screen. So, to make this technology closer to visually challenged people, authors proposed a Voice Based E -mail System. This system provides them the facility of communication and makes them much stronger and independent. This architecture will help blind people to access email and other multimedia functions. Leaving behind the old techniques, this voice -based email system will be containing new technologies that will be easily acceptable by visually challenged people.

A Secure Methodology for Filtering Spam & Malware in E-mail System and Secure E-mail Testbed Setup

E-mail system is one of the critical infrastructures of any organization. It is necessary to ensure that the mail servers in use should be secured in such a way that no security properties like confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity are compromised. To achieve these security properties we have setup a secure e-mail server testbed that provides security against malware and spam, and guaranties secure e-mail delivery. This paper proposes a secure methodology for filtering spam and malware in the e-mail system, comprising standard layers of protocols and policies. An experimental testbed is established to evaluate the effectiveness of our methodology and was tested with spam and malware e-mails. Our results showed an accuracy of 95 percent, against a typical configuration of an e-mail system.

Blind Electronic Mail System

Web has gotten one of the essential civilities for everyday living. Each individual is generally getting to the information specially E-mail and data through Web. Nonetheless, daze individuals face challenges in getting to these content materials, likewise in utilizing any help given through Web. The progression in PC based available frameworks has opened up numerous roads for the outwardly debilitated over the globe in a wide manner. Sound input based virtual climate like, the screen readers have helped Blind individuals to get to Web applications colossally. We depict the Voice-mail framework design that can be utilized by a Blind individual to get to messages effectively and productively. The commitment built by this examination has empowered the visually impaired public to deliver and get voice-based e-mail messages in their local language with the assistance of a PC (Ingle, P., Kanade, H., & Lanke, A. 2016).

A New Mail System for Secure Data Transmission in Cyber Physical Systems

This paper provides a complete study on email requirements, with special emphasis on its security aspects and architecture. It explores how current protocols have evolved, the environment in which they have been developed and the evolution of security requirements. This paper also analyzes email vulnerabilities and the reasons that have motivated the exploitation of them. The threats and solutions of the most used email protocols today are detailed, such as Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, Post office Protocol, Internet Message Access Protocol protocols, among others. An analysis of the main security solutions proposed in recent years is carried out and how these threats are solved, as well as a comparison of each of them. The result of this work leads us to conclude that it is necessary to make an integral change in the protocols used in the electronic mail in order to have a secure message exchange system that meets all the security requirements demanded today. We are working on a proposal based on blockchain that solves the security problems identified in this work.