Global Governance Illusions

The Glasgow reunions of the states of the world exemplify the basic logic of ocean clubs, handling public goods. The aim was to conjure up a new agreement for regulating emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) around the world. But especially China and India effectively blocked a binding regime. This paper shows how fossil fuels are too integrated in the economies of these nations.

Mathematical logic: construction of logic circuits from logical elements in Maple

В статье рассматриваются возможности применения библиотеки Logic системы компьютерной алгебры Maple в аспекте компьютерного моделирования логических схем в различных базисах. Смоделированы основные логические элементы в Maple. На конкретном примере детально представлен алгоритм построения логической схемы в различных базисах. The article discusses the possibilities of using the Logic library of the Maple computer algebra system in the aspect of computer modeling of logic circuits in various bases. Basic logic gates are modeled in Maple. On a specific example, an algorithm for constructing a logical circuit in various bases is presented in detail.

Dialectics of Technoscience

Dialectics is a philosophical method developed by Hegel (1770–1831), but building on an intellectual tradition whose origins can be traced back to ancient Greece. Dialectics was initially practiced as an educational technique for conducting philosophical discussions. For Hegel, however, dialectical processes can be discerned in the dramatic unfolding of nature, history and human thinking as such. The first dialectical thinker, in the genuine sense of the term, according to Hegel (1971), was Heraclitus (535 – c. 475 BC), in whose “obscure” aphorisms Hegel recognises the awareness that dialectics is more than merely a technique to foster critical reflection. Heraclitus already refers to a basic logic guiding the dynamics of nature as such, to a λόγος at work in actual processes of becoming and change, giving rise to contrasting and contradictory developments (“objective dialectics”, as Hegel phrases it). For dialectical thinkers, the dialectical method is fundamentally in tune with nature, because nature as such is inherently dialectical. Hegel considered Aristotle as ancient philosophy’s most thoroughly dialectical thinker, as we have seen, while Hegel himself is regarded as a modern Aristotle (Beiser, 2005, p. 57; Pippin, 2019, p. 301).

Louis Althusser: Science and Ideology

In terms of design and key objectives, this volume entails a triadic syllogism. Continental thinking constitutes its source material, and first of all I offer a concise exposition of the way in which Hegel, Marx, Engels, Bachelard, Lacan and Heidegger allow us to come to terms with technoscience. As indicated, notwithstanding multiple differences and interventions, I see their oeuvres as building on a common ground. I also acknowledge the second moment (the negation), however, consisting of claims (brought forward by various authors) that this corpus of literature, or parts of it, are invalid or outdated, for instance because the future belongs to neo-liberalism (as Francis Fukuyama argued), or because continental thinking is flawed by Eurocentric and androcentric biases. Rather than countering or criticising this type of criticism directly and extensively (which would result in more or less “theoretical” debates), I have adopted a more “cataphatic” course. By outlining its basic logic (its methodology) and by extrapolating it to a number of case studies, my aim is to demonstrate the viability, urgency and contemporary relevance of a continental approach (“via positiva”).

Generalized Realizability and Basic Logic

Let V be a set of number-theoretical functions. We define a notion of absolute V -realizability for predicate formulas and sequents in such a way that the indices of functions in V are used for interpreting the implication and the universal quantifier. In this article, we prove that Basic Predicate Calculus is sound with respect to the semantics of absolute V -realizability if V satisfies some natural conditions.

Ternary Relational Semantics for the Variants of BN4 and E4 which Contain Routley and Meyer's Logic B

Six hopefully interesting variants of the logics BN4 and E4 – which can be considered as the 4-valued logics of the relevant conditional and (relevant) entailment, respectively – were previously developed in the literature. All these systems are related to the family of relevant logics and contain Routley and Meyer's basic logic B, which is well-known to be specifically associated with the ternary relational semantics. The aim of this paper is to develop reduced general Routley-Meyer semantics for them. Strong soundness and completeness theorems are proved for each one of the logics.

The anatomical logic of smell

The sense of smell helps us navigate the environment, but its anatomical logic remains unknown. The spatial location of odorant receptor genes (Olfrs) in the nose is widely thought to be independent of the structural diversity of the odorants they detect. Using spatial transcriptomics, we created a genome-wide 3D atlas of the mouse olfactory mucosa (OM), and identified key genes differentially expressed in space. Expression maps reveal that Olfrs are distributed in a continuous and overlapping fashion over five broad zones in the OM. The spatial locations of Olfrs correlate with the mucus solubility of the odorants they recognize. Thus, we provide direct evidence for the chromatographic theory of olfaction, and elucidate the basic logic for the peripheral representation of smell.