Self-powered Flexible piezoelectric Senorbased on PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 nanofibers for impact force monitoring and Rubber Mat Aging Assessment

In this work, a flexible piezoelectric sensor was fabricated based on PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3(PZT) nanofibers composite, and its potential applications in impact force monitoring and rubber mat aging assessment were reported. The PZT piezoelectric nanofibers with diameters of 150–260nm were prepared via electrospinning technique, showing a high piezoelectric coefficient (d33~92.5 pm/V) for piezoelectric fibers. The PZT nanofibers and carbon nanotubes(CNTs) were dispersed in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to fabricate a highly stretchable and flexible impact sensor (PZT/CNTs/PDMS piezoelectric nanocomposite sensor), which showed excellent low frequency sensitivity(as low as 0.01Hz), high bending deformation sensitivity (as low as 0.192cm-1 curvature deformation with 6.64V/cm-1 sensitivity) and cycle stability under external impact force. Besides, it is the first attempt to assess railway tracks rubber mat aging based on piezoelectric nanocomposite impact sensor, and the static stiffness relative error reaches a low value of 6.91% .

An Idealised Approach of Geometry and Topology to the Diffusion of Cations in Honeycomb Layered Oxide Frameworks

<div><p>Honeycomb layered oxides are a novel class of nanostructured materials comprising alkali or coinage metals intercalated into transition metal slabs. The intricate honeycomb architecture and layered framework endows this family of oxides with a tessellation of features such as exquisite electrochemistry, unique topology and fascinating electromagnetic phenomena. Despite having innumerable functionalities, these materials remain highly underutilised as their underlying atomistic mechanisms are vastly unexplored. Therefore, in a bid to provide a more in-depth perspective, we propose an idealised diffusion model of the charged alkali cations (such as lithium, sodium or potassium) in the two-dimensional (2D) honeycomb layers within the multi-layered crystal of honeycomb layered oxide frameworks. This model not only explains the correlation between the excitation of cationic vacancies (by applied electromagnetic fields) and the Gaussian curvature deformation of the 2D surface, but also takes into consideration, the quantum properties of the cations and their inter-layer mixing through quantum tunnelling. Through this work, we offer a novel theoretical framework for the study of multi-layered materials with 2D cationic diffusion currents, as well as providing pedagogical insights into the role of topological phase transitions in these materials in relation to Brownian motion and quantum geometry.<br></p></div>

An Idealised Approach of Geometry and Topology to the Diffusion of Cations in Honeycomb Layered Oxide Frameworks

<div><p>Honeycomb layered oxides are a novel class of nanostructured materials comprising alkali or coinage metals intercalated into transition metal slabs. The intricate honeycomb architecture and layered framework endows this family of oxides with a tessellation of features such as exquisite electrochemistry, unique topology and fascinating electromagnetic phenomena. Despite having innumerable functionalities, these materials remain highly underutilised as their underlying atomistic mechanisms are vastly unexplored. Therefore, in a bid to provide a more in-depth perspective, we propose an idealised diffusion model of the charged alkali cations (such as lithium, sodium or potassium) in the two-dimensional (2D) honeycomb layers within the multi-layered crystal of honeycomb layered oxide frameworks. This model not only explains the correlation between the excitation of cationic vacancies (by applied electromagnetic fields) and the Gaussian curvature deformation of the 2D surface, but also takes into consideration, the quantum properties of the cations and their inter-layer mixing through quantum tunnelling. Through this work, we offer a novel theoretical framework for the study of multi-layered materials with 2D cationic diffusion currents, as well as providing pedagogical insights into the role of topological phase transitions in these materials in relation to Brownian motion and quantum geometry.<br></p></div>

An Idealised Approach of Geometry and Topology to the Diffusion of Cations in Honeycomb Layered Oxide Frameworks

<div><p>Honeycomb layered oxides are a novel class of nanostructured materials comprising alkali or coinage metals intercalated into transition metal slabs. The intricate honeycomb architecture and layered framework endows this family of oxides with a tessellation of features such as exquisite electrochemistry, unique topology and fascinating electromagnetic phenomena. Despite having innumerable functionalities, these materials remain highly underutilised as their underlying atomistic mechanisms are vastly unexplored. Therefore, in a bid to provide a more in-depth perspective, we propose an idealised diffusion model of the charged alkali cations (such as lithium, sodium or potassium) in the two-dimensional (2D) honeycomb layers within the multi-layered crystal of honeycomb layered oxide frameworks. This model not only explains the correlation between the excitation of cationic vacancies (by applied electromagnetic fields) and the Gaussian curvature deformation of the 2D surface, but also takes into consideration, the quantum properties of the cations and their inter-layer mixing through quantum tunnelling. Through this work, we offer a novel theoretical framework for the study of multi-layered materials with 2D cationic diffusion currents, as well as providing pedagogical insights into the role of topological phase transitions in these materials in relation to Brownian motion and quantum geometry.<br></p></div>

To the Question of Determining Laws of Communication General Mathematical Theory of Plasticity

The paper discusses the question of the reliability and applicability of the general laws of the mathematical theory of plasticity. In a new direction of the theory of plasticity (the theory of elastic-plastic deformation processes) the isotropy postulate is given, which establishes the invariance of the connection between stresses and strains. However, this invariance during orthogonal transformations of the image of the process and its vectors in the linear coordinate space can be violated due to a change in the invariants of the form of the stress-strain state. However, numerous experiments show that the influence of these invariants is weak and can be neglected. In the theory of flow, the main hypothesis is the assumption of the decomposition of total deformations into elastic and plastic parts. Such decomposition under complex loading is impossible and contradicts the concept of the complete and incomplete plastic states of the material. This article shows that the flow theory is a special case of the theory of processes. An extended version of the theory of flow is obtained, which can be used for medium-curvature deformation trajectories, and which makes it possible to use the hypothesis of decomposition of total deformations in the theory of flow.

An Idealised Approach of Geometry and Topology to the Diffusion of Cations in Honeycomb Layered Oxide Frameworks

<div><p>Honeycomb layered oxides are a novel class of nanostructured materials comprising alkali or alkaline earth metals intercalated into transition metal slabs. The intricate honeycomb architecture and layered framework endows this family of oxides with a tessellation of features such as exquisite electrochemistry, unique topology and fascinating electromagnetic phenomena. Despite having innumerable functionalities, these materials remain highly underutilized as their underlying atomistic mechanisms are vastly unexplored. Therefore, in a bid to provide a more in-depth perspective, we propose an idealised diffusion model of the charged alkali cations (such as lithium, sodium or potassium) in the two-dimensional (2D) honeycomb layers within the three-dimensional (3D) crystal of honeycomb layered oxide frameworks. This model not only explains the correlation between the excitation of cationic vacancies (by applied electromagnetic fields) and the Gaussian curvature deformation of the 2D surface, but also takes into consideration, the quantum properties of the cations and their inter-layer mixing through quantum tunnelling. Through this work, we offer a novel theoretical framework for the study of 3D layered materials with 2D cationic diffusion currents, as well as providing pedagogical insights into the role of topological phase transitions in these materials in relation to Brownian motion and quantum geometry.<br></p></div>

A Heuristic Model for 3D Layered Materials with 2D Cationic Diffusion Currents from Their Honeycomb Lattice

<div><p>Honeycomb layered oxides are a novel class of materials generally exhibiting high ionic conductivity with battery applications. Owing to their honeycomb structure and layered framework, this class of materials is thought to harbor unique electrochemistry and physics. Here, a heuristic diffusion model of the charged alkali cations (such as lithium, sodium or potassium) in two-dimensional (2D) honeycomb layers within the three-dimensional (3D) crystal of honeycomb layered oxide is proposed. The model relates the excitation of cationic vacancies (by applied electromagnetic fields) to the Gaussian curvature deformation of the 2D surface. The quantum properties of the cations and their interlayer mixing through quantum tunneling are also considered. This work offers a novel theoretical framework for the study of 3D layered materials with 2D cationic diffusion currents, whilst providing pedagogical insights in the role of geometry in Brownian motion and quantum theory.</p><br></div>

Effect of the fabric dimension on limits of the drape coefficient

The effects of fabric dimension on drape deformation are analyzed using a model of a circular segment cantilever for infinite shear stiffness (upper limit) and the deflection of strip cantilevers in radial directions for zero shear stiffness (lower limit). The drape shapes are determined by nondimensional parameters K and K′ in addition to the parameters m and m′, which are given by the ratio of the fabric radius and segment cantilever length, respectively. K and K′ are given by the segment cantilever length for the upper limit and by the differences between the radii of the fabric and support disk for the lower limit, with weights, and bending rigidity. The drape coefficient (DC) limits of fabrics are theoretically obtained using the model in three cases according to the relationship of m and m′. Even for different fabrics, the drape shapes are similar for the same m and K, or m′ and K′, in each case. The effects of dimension on fabric drape are therefore clarified theoretically. The obtained limits are experimentally verified for eight woven fabrics and one sheet. It is found that the DCs of samples are between the two theoretical curves of limits, although there are variations even for the same K or K′. The variations might be due to depressions between adjacent nodes or the presence of double-curvature deformation due to lower shear stiffness. The effects of dimensions in the drape test considering bending rigidity for infinite and zero shear stiffness are thus clarified theoretically and experimentally.

A New Simple Design Method for the Plate Foundation of a Transmission Tower in Subsidence Area

In this article, we present a simple design method for the plate foundation of a transmission tower in a mining area, which is based on the theory of beam rested on an elastic foundation. The corresponding theoretical model has been developed with the synergistic reaction of a composite protection plate by considering the mining subsidence of ground. On the basis of this model, the function of flexural deformation and the distribution function of bending moment of the protection plate and their corresponding base counterforce have been deduced. The analysis of selected example shows that the control bending moment of the protection plate is the maximum positive bending moment at the center of the cross section during the moving process of pelvic floor. The tilt deformation is minimum, when the tower is either at the bottom or at the verge of pelvic floor. The tilt deformation is maximum at one-fourth times of the length of pelvic floor and is away from the bottom and the verge of pelvic floor. The contact pressure between the plate foundation and the soil is similar to a U-shaped distribution, when the protection plate is in pelvic floor area of a positive (curvature) deformation, and it is a M-shaped distribution, when the protection plate is in pelvic floor area of a negative (curvature) deformation. We do not observe any change of the contact pressure at the midpoint of the protection plate during the moving process of the basin.