Effect of the fabric dimension on limits of the drape coefficient

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 442-459
Author(s):  
Liu Yang ◽  
KyoungOk Kim ◽  
Masayuki Takatera
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limit ◽  
Shear Stiffness ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Bending Rigidity ◽  
Lower Shear ◽  
Double Curvature ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Cantilever Length ◽  
Curvature Deformation ◽  
Relationship Of

The effects of fabric dimension on drape deformation are analyzed using a model of a circular segment cantilever for infinite shear stiffness (upper limit) and the deflection of strip cantilevers in radial directions for zero shear stiffness (lower limit). The drape shapes are determined by nondimensional parameters K and K′ in addition to the parameters m and m′, which are given by the ratio of the fabric radius and segment cantilever length, respectively. K and K′ are given by the segment cantilever length for the upper limit and by the differences between the radii of the fabric and support disk for the lower limit, with weights, and bending rigidity. The drape coefficient (DC) limits of fabrics are theoretically obtained using the model in three cases according to the relationship of m and m′. Even for different fabrics, the drape shapes are similar for the same m and K, or m′ and K′, in each case. The effects of dimension on fabric drape are therefore clarified theoretically. The obtained limits are experimentally verified for eight woven fabrics and one sheet. It is found that the DCs of samples are between the two theoretical curves of limits, although there are variations even for the same K or K′. The variations might be due to depressions between adjacent nodes or the presence of double-curvature deformation due to lower shear stiffness. The effects of dimensions in the drape test considering bending rigidity for infinite and zero shear stiffness are thus clarified theoretically and experimentally.

Measurement of local shear deformation in fabric drape using three-dimensional scanning

2020 ◽  
pp. 004051752096334
Author(s):  
Liu Yang ◽  
KyoungOk Kim ◽  
Masayuki Takatera
Keyword(s):  
Shear Deformation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Shear Stiffness ◽  
Measuring Method ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Bending Rigidity ◽  
Double Curvature ◽  
Fabric Drape ◽  
Local Shear ◽  
Square Cells

We propose a measuring method of shear deformation in drape using three-dimensional (3D) scanning. We measured the local shear angles in fabric drape based on the Fabric Research Laboratories (FRL) drape test for woven fabrics using the proposed method. We investigate the effects of the relative positions of the node to the center grainlines that cross at the fabric center, and the bending and shear properties of fabric on the shear angles. To measure the local shear deformation, we obtained 3D drape shapes of four different fabrics with three to six nodes. We covered the obtained drape shapes using a fabric model composed of square cells that allowed shear deformation. By calculating the shear angles of the cells, we obtained the local shear deformation. We found that the FRL drape can be characterized by three areas, except for the flat areas of the support disks: (a) areas along the center grainlines with zero or small shear angles within 3°, which could result from single curvature bending; (b) areas in the bias directions with relatively large shear angles over 3°, which could result from double curvature bending; and (c) polygon edges connected by tangents of the support disk with relatively larger shear angles than their surroundings, which could result from both bending and shear deformation, such as folding and wrinkles. By investigating the relationships between areas with large shear angles and the bending rigidity/shear stiffness, we clarified that the bending rigidity indirectly affects the local shear deformation of drape.

PNN and BP Neural Network Fault Diagnosis Research on Electronic Accelerator Pedal Detection

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-220
Author(s):  
Yuxiu Jiang ◽  
Xiaohuan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Fault Detection ◽  
Lower Limit ◽  
Bp Neural Network ◽  
Accelerator Pedal ◽  
Electronic Throttle ◽  
Measured Voltage ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Network Fault

Background: The working state of electronic accelerator pedal directly affects the safety of vehicles and drivers. Effective fault detection and judgment for the working state of the accelerator pedal can prevent accidents. Methods: Aiming at different working conditions of electronic accelerator pedal, this paper used PNN and BP diagnosis model to detect the state of electronic accelerator pedal according to the principle and characteristics of PNN and BP neural network. The fault diagnosis test experiment of electronic accelerator pedal was carried out to get the data acquisition. Results: After the patents for electronic accelerator pedals are queried and used, the first measured voltage, the upper limit of first voltage, the first voltage lower limit, the second measured voltage, the upper limit of second voltage and the second voltage lower limit are tested to build up the data samples. Then the PNN and BP fault diagnosis models of electronic accelerator pedal are established. Six fault samples are defined through the design of electronic accelerator pedal fault classifier and the fault diagnosis processes are executed to test. Conclusion: The fault diagnosis results were analyzed and the comparisons between the PNN and the BP research results show that BP neural network is an effective method for fault detection of electronic throttle pedal, which is obviously superior to PNN neural network based on the experiment data.

The Excavation of Eighteen Round Barrows near Shrewton, Wiltshire.

1984 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 255-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Green ◽  
Stephen Rollo-Smith ◽  
Elisabeth Crowfoot ◽  
Calvin Wells
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Lower Limit ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Linear Groups ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
The Village

The excavation of eighteen round barrows was undertaken by the late Charles Green during summer seasons from 1958 to 1960, in advance of their destruction by ploughing. The excavated barrows are members of two linear groups which occupy adjacent spurs to the east of the village of Shrewton in the modern parish of that name (fig. 1). One of the barrows investigated lies in Winterbourne Stoke parish. This western part of Salisbury Plain is termed the ‘Lower Plain’ comprising those areas having their ‘upper limit… between 400 and 450 feet OD and their lower limit where they overlook the valley trenches … between 250 and 300 feet O.D.’ (Gifford 1957, 6). In such a lower valley lie the modern villages of Shrewton and Rollestone, and through it flows the river Till, the nearest modern open water supply to the barrows. This connects the area to the River Avon via the Wylye and Nadder.

Theoretical and experimental analysis of bending rigidity of plain and twill woven fabrics

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 (10) ◽  
pp. 1700-1706 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Sadeghi ◽  
Ali A. A. Jeddi ◽  
S. Shaikhzadeh Najar
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Bending Rigidity

scholarly journals Comfort-Related Properties of Double-Layered Woven Car Seat Fabrics

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pelin Gürkan Ünal ◽  
Gonca Özçelik Kayseri ◽  
H. Diren Mecit
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Layer ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Bending Rigidity ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Car Seat ◽  
Moisture Management ◽  
Technical Textiles ◽  
Pattern Number

Abstract Seat upholstery fabrics for vehicles are crucial products as technical textiles in motor vehicles make up approximately 15% of the total manufactured technical textiles worldwide and more than 50% of the production belongs to the woven fabrics because of their appropriate properties for this application. The current work presents the comfort-related properties of the woven fabrics designed to be used in automotive seat upholstery. For this aim, double-layered woven fabrics were produced with four different process variables such as bottom layer pattern, number of interlacing warps in a unit report, number of interlacing picks per top warp, and number of weft skips by using Taguchi experimental design. Besides handle related properties, such as circular bending rigidity, surface roughness properties, and thermo physiological comfort related properties that include air permeability, thermal resistance, and moisture management properties were measured and analyzed based on Taguchi experimental analysis.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PIJAT BAYI TERHADAP LAMA TIDUR BAYI DI DESA DUWET KECAMATAN WONOSARI KABUPATEN KLATEN

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Warsini Warsini ◽  
Dyah Nugraini
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limit ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Infant Sleep ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Infant Massage ◽  
Natural Form ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Long Sleep ◽  
The Village

Background: Even the oldest massage is an activity used by humans to expelfatigue and stress. Lack of information and knowledge of parents of massage,makes many parents think a massage is not a scientific and natural form oftherapy for infants. Most mothers believe massage is necessary only when theirchild had flu and colds.Purpose of the study: To determine the effect of infant massage on infant sleepduration in the village of Duwet, Wonosari Subdistrict, Klaten Regency.The subject: The population in this study is a baby in the village of DuwetWonosari District of Klaten regency totaling 45 babies. Samples that met thestudy criteria and amounted to 20 babies. The sampling technique is simplerandom sampling.Methods: The data collection is done by the experimental method is bymeasuring how much sleep babies after intervention. Data were analyzed usingstatistical tests Independent t-test.The results: Long sleep in infants that give the infant massage is known that atleast 11 hours and a maximum of 18 hours with an average bed is 15.90 hours.Long sleep in infants who were not given the infant massage is known at least 12hours and a maximum of 17 hours with an average bed is 13.90 hours. Statisticalanalysis showed p: 3.967 with an upper limit 0.047 and lower limit 0.33.Conclusion: There is a statistically significant effect of infant massage with infantsleep duration (p: 3.967 with an upper limit 0.047 and lower limit 0.33).Keywords: infant massage, infant sleep duration

DEVELOPMENT AND DIAPAUSE IN PLEOLOPHUS BASIZONUS (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE)

1969 ◽  
Vol 101 (9) ◽  
pp. 907-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limit ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Inverse Relation ◽  
Continuous Development ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Diapause Development ◽  
Diapause Incidence

AbstractThe upper limit for continuous development of Pleolophus basizonus lies between 25° and 30 °C since all stages develop at the former temperature and larval mortality is complete at the latter temperature. The lower limit lies between 5.5° and 10 °C, since an eonymphal diapause occurs at 5.5 °C. Between these extremes, diapause incidence varies inversely with temperature. The photoperiod experience of the parent has no effect on diapause in the progeny when the latter are reared at 15° and 18 °C, but there is an inverse relation between parental photoperiod experience and progeny diapause incidence at 10 °C. Although larvae and pupae also survive 3 months at 2 °C, most individuals probably overwinter in eonymphal diapause and their diapause requirements are fulfilled in 3 weeks at 2 °C. The incidence and rate of post-diapause development is directly related to temperature.

Runner System Design Optimization for Multigated and Multicavity Injection Molds

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoshi Jin
Keyword(s):  
Design Optimization ◽  
System Design ◽  
Lower Limit ◽  
Design Space ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
System Design Optimization

Abstract Runner system design for injection molds with multiple gates or multiple cavities often requires iterative analyses for optimized results, because the gate locations or cavity shapes may not be naturally balanced. In addition, in molds with symmetrical layouts, the required injection pressure may be unnecessarily high if the runners are poorly sized. In this paper, a scheme for quickly optimizing runner system design is presented. The objective of design optimization is to minimize the required injection pressure within the design space defined by a given total runner volume. Each runner segment can be given an upper limit and lower limit to define the range of runner cross sectional dimensional size. Application examples are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the scheme.

scholarly journals Multifrequency Observations of the Jet of 3C 273

1994 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 333-334
Author(s):  
H.-J. Röser ◽  
K. Meisenheimer ◽  
M. Neumann ◽  
R.G. Conway
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Lower Limit ◽  
Background Model ◽  
Integration Time ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Radio Frequencies ◽  
Quasar 3C 273 ◽  
Good Agreement

Previously we have studied the jet of the quasar 3C 273 at optical and radio frequencies. In our first set of X-ray data with 17.2 ksec integration time obtained with the ROSAT HRI, the jet is easily visible extending out from the bright quasar core. The total number of counts in the jet lies in the range 200 to 300, depending on the details of the background model. This corresponds to an X-ray flux fv(2.9 × 1017 Hz) = 65 … 140 nJy (lower limit, synchrotron radiation α = −0.8 … upper limit, bremsstrahlung α = 0, NHI = 1.8 × 1020 cm−2), in good agreement with the value derived from the EINSTEIN observations.

Problems of High Speed Flight as Affected by Compressibility

1938 ◽  
Vol 42 (327) ◽  
pp. 193-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. N. H. Lock
Keyword(s):  
Shock Waves ◽  
Drag Coefficient ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Lower Limit ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Velocity Of Sound ◽  
Upper Limit

My lecture deals with the effect of the compressibility of air on bodies moving through it at speeds ranging from the velocity of sound (710 m.p.h. at high altitude) as an upper limit to a lower limit ranging roughly from half to threequarters the velocity of sound. Somewhere within this range will commence a very rapid increase of the drag coefficient of an aircraft as a result of the formation of local shock waves.

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