Technical and economic calculation of a solar-powered charging station for electric vehicles

Problem. Development and implementation of green technologies is both an urgent and a cost-effective scientific and engineering task. Therefore, the issues related to the study of renewable energy sources, which are used as the main sources of energy for electric vehicles, are quite relevant and promising. At the same time, an equally important question is how profitable is building solar charging stations in terms of both ecology and economy. Goal. The aim is calculation and analysis of technical and economic indicators of a solar charging station for electric vehicles (EV). Methodology. The analytical methods of studying the development and application of the ways and devices to transform the energy of the sun into electricity are used, as well as the methods of experimental research and mathematical methods of processing and modulation of the received results; methods of calculating technical and economic indicators. Results. The review of the literature on the development of renewable energy sources, in particular, solar power plants, and the spread of electric vehicles with the gradual displacement (replacement) of traditional cars working on internal combustion engines with electric vehicles (BEV and PHEV) was made. The main parameters and technical characteristics of the solar-powered charging station (SPCS) were studied. For the analysis and calculation of technical and economic indicators of SPCS for EV it is offered to take a SPP with a capacity of 20 kW as a basis. The calculation of SPCS electricity generation both for own consumption and for power supply of EV and the sale of surplus electricity to the general network at the “green tariff” was carried out. Originality. The technical and economic calculation of SCS was made taking into account the rise of electricity prices in Kharkiv region (Ukraine). Practical value. According to the analysis of the obtained results, it can be said that the payback period of SPCS for EV is about 7.9 years. If we consider the constant increase in the cost of electricity (approximately 15% per year), we can expect the payback after 6.8 years of operation.

An Austrian Take on ESG

This paper analyzes the contemporary debate about ESG – Environment, Social, Governance – using economic insights from Austrian Economics; particularly, on entrepreneurship, agency, and information asymmetry. These insights are contrasted to similar concepts in “mainstream” economics suggesting that the Austrian insight goes beyond them, first by stressing effectiveness in addition to efficiency and institutions in addition to law-likeliness. When applied to ESG, the Austrian insight portraits ESG as a special case of the socialist, or economic calculation debate causing misalignments between inter- and intrafirm goals, exacerbates agency problems and suffers from serious flaws in its conceptualization as well as methodology. Relying on entrepreneurship, however, could make ESG work. This paper, thus, applies Austrian economics to contemporary debates claiming that its insights provide a unique perspective but at the same time updating its research program.

A WAY TO REDUCE THE COST OF ENERGY RESOURCES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PRODUCTS ON THE EXAMPLE OF JSC «INVERTER», ORENBURG

This article sets the goal of reducing the cost of energy resources for the production of products, describes in detail the proposed technology, and also conducts an economic calculation of the effectiveness of this proposal. This work presents an opportunity to introduce technology to reduce energy costs for industrial production.

HIGHWAY IMPACT STUDY OF THE EFFICIENCY OF COATING AND BASE COMPACTION WITH THREE-ROLLER TANDEM COMPACTORS

Приведено технико-экономическое обоснование повышения эффективности уплотнения покрытий и оснований за счет использования трехвальцевых дорожных катков тандемного типа. Выполнены расчеты, показывающие возможность последовательного увеличения вертикального нагружения вальцев катка по мере возрастания прочности уплотняемой поверхности в широких пределах (до 1,1 веса серийного катка) за счет применения дополнительной управляемой секции. Установлена возможность уменьшения числа проходов катка за счет увеличения количества его вальцев. Проведен технико-экономический расчет, подтверждающий целесообразность применения таких дорожных катков, выполненных на базе серийных двухвальцевых машин, которая обусловлена увеличением производительности в 1,27…1,5 раза. We present a highway impact study for increasing efficiency of compaction of coatings and bases through the use of three-roller tandem compactors. Calculations have been performed showing the possibility of a sequential increase in the vertical loading of the rollers of a compactor as the strength of the compacted surface increases over a wide range (up to 1.1 of the weight of a serial compactor) due to the use of an additional controlled section. The possibility of reducing the number of passes of the compactor by increasing the number of its rollers has been established. A technical and economic calculation was carried out confirming the feasibility of using such road compactors made on the basis of serial two- roller tandem compactors, which is due to an increase in productivity by 1,27…1,5 times.

Selection of options for location and transportation of bulk cargoby railway

One of the main conditions for using the efficiency of the use of freight traffic is the substantiation of the technical standards for loading into a carriage, which makes it possible to increase the efficiency of using a freight car. The analysis showed that the carrying capacity of the car is not fully utilized, and in order to increase the carrying capacity of the car, options for the transportation of bulk freight transport have been proposed. The article considered options for the transportation of bulk cargo in bags and soft containers (big bags), they were also compared, for the further release of a specialized wagon fleet for the transportation of export types of cargo. The aim of the study is to substantiate the choice of the type of wagons for the transportation of bulk cargo by rail. The research methods are based on the existing methods of searching for the rational transportation of goods by rail. A methodology for calculating options for placing cargo in a car is presented. A technical and economic calculation of the effectiveness of the options under consideration for transportation by rail has been made, which in turn will determine a rational option for the transportation of bulk cargo. Recommendations are given for the transportation of bulk cargo by rail, which, in turn, will make it possible to correctly and rationally choose the type of carriage and make the most of the carrying capacity of the carriage, depending on the conditions of transportation.

Reconstruction of a railway station under changing conditions in passenger traffic

Objective: Drawing on the study of the situation in railway passenger traffic, to propose measures for the reconstruction of station M of the Murmansk transport hub and perform a consolidated estimate of the cost of implementing the proposed measures. Methods: The means and methods of general systems theory, system and economic analysis, terminalistics, logistics and management of the ope- rational work of railways are used. Results: Based on the results of the economic calculation, it was concluded that it is necessary to reconstruct the exhibition track N 2 to receive passenger trains of 25 cars and organize work with double-deck cars. A consolidated estimate of the cost of building an exhibition track N 2 has been made. Practical importance: Thanks to the increase in the useful track length, new opportunities will be opened for the development of promising passenger traffic at the station in question and, consequently, for an increase in the profit of the Russian Railways company. The results obtained can be applied in the implementation of the development concept of the Mur- mansk transport hub, in the design of individual elements and devices of the railway hub, as well as in the optimization of passenger service technology.

The Six Lessons of Mises

From the perspective of the market as a process, the market only exists to the extent that exchanges take place. So, what is better in times of social isolation: intervene to ensure that the market works or let the market freeze freely? Moreover, to what extent is it possible to intervene in the market in times of pandemic, preserving the principles of economic freedom? Based on the principles of cooperation and economic calculation proposed by Mises, the objective of this paper is to analyze the possibilities of public policy in a situation of social isolation. Among the main public policy devised in this time of the pandemic, the following measures have provided the continuity of the market process: credit, tax deferrals, and emergency assistance or paycheck protection program. The concern with the preservation of the economic calculation extends to all supply chain linkages, including final customers, for to companies continue to do their economic calculation.

Technical or political? The socialist economic calculation debate

The paper presents both the key arguments and the historical context of the socialist economic calculation debate. I argue that Oskar Lange presented the most developed strategy to deal with bourgeois economics, decisively helping to create the scientific consensus that rational economic calculation under socialism is possible. Lange’s arguments based on standard economic theory reveal that the most ardent defenders of capitalism cannot reject socialism on technical terms and that, as a consequence, the Austrian School was left with no choice but to diverge from mainstream economics in its search to develop a framework that could support its political position. This shows that Mises’ challenge from 1920 was solved and has been replaced by a political posture developed by Hayek and leading Austrians economists, who have been struggling since the 1980s to revise the standard interpretation of the socialist economic calculation debate. I argue that this revision should not be uncritically accepted and conclude that socialism cannot be scientifically rejected; it can only be politically rejected, by those whose economic interests it opposes.

Vínculos entre la Escuela Austriaca de Economía y el método de la inversión en valor

The Austrian school of economics and the investment method known as value investing have a similar conception of the world, so that it is possible to find multiple links between them and form a coherent structure. To the economist, this allows for a much deeper understanding of the entrepreneurial function and the manner in which economic calculation is actually performed. To the investor, it offers a theoretical framework that explains economic phenomena, permitting him to better understand the role of the entrepreneur and to protect his investment when dangerous patterns can be observed. In this essay, we begin from the common stance of both schools of thought towards common sense, the use of realistic assumptions, the importance of prudence and the low value of complex mathematics in the fields of economics and finance. We then proceed to develop in greater depth nine aspects that have strong philosophical and scientific links. Key words: Value investing, Austrian school of economics, entrepreneurship, dynamic efficiency, economic calculation. JEL Classification: A12, G17, M20. Resumen: La Escuela Austriaca de Economía y el método de inversión en valor tienen una concepción similar del mundo que permite entrelazarlas coherentemente. Al economista, le permite profundizar el conocimiento del ejercicio de la función empresarial y la realización del cálculo económico en la práctica. Al inversor, le ofrece un marco teórico para comprender mejor el papel del empresario y los fenómenos económicos y detectar temprano patrones peligrosos y así protegerse. En este trabajo partimos de la base de que ambas escuelas de pensamiento tienen sus raíces en el sentido común y los supuestos realistas, que son prudentes a la hora de ver el futuro y que dudan de la utilidad de las matemáticas complejas en los campos económicos y financieros. Sobre ello, desarrollamos nueve aspectos en los cuales hay fuertes conexiones como, por ejemplo, la manera en que el ejercicio de la empresarialidad mejora la eficiencia del mercado y coordina los planes de las personas. Palabras clave: Inversión en valor, escuela austriaca de economía, empre-sarialidad, eficiencia dinámica, cálculo económico. Clasificación JEL: A12, G17, M20.