SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF INTER-AIRCRAFT NAVIGATION TO ENSURE FLYING IN FORMATION USING A TECHNICAL VISION SYSTEM

Проведен краткий анализ как отечественных, так и зарубежных систем межсамолетной навигации. В ходе анализа были отражены недостатки систем межсамолетной навигации и представлен актуальный подход повышения точности системы навигации за счет применения системы технического зрения. Для определения местоположения ведущего самолета предлагается рассмотреть в качестве измерительного комплекса систему технического зрения, которая способна решать большой круг задач на различных этапах, в частности, и полет строем. Систему технического зрения предлагается установить на ведомом самолете с целью измерения всех параметров, необходимых для формирования автоматического управления полетом летательного аппарата. Обработка изображений ведущего самолета выполняется с целью определения координат трех идентичных точек на фоточувствительных матрицах. Причем в качестве этих точек выбираются оптически контрастные элементы конструкции летательного аппарата, например окончания крыла, хвостового оперения и т.д. Для упрощения процедуры обработки изображений возможно использование полупроводниковых источников света в инфракрасном диапазоне (например, с длиной волны λ = 1,54 мкм), что позволяет работать даже в сложных метеоусловиях. Такой подход может быть использован при автоматизации полета строем более чем двух летательных аппаратов, при этом необходимо только оборудовать системой технического зрения все ведомые самолеты группы The article provides a brief analysis of both domestic and foreign inter-aircraft navigation systems. In the course of the analysis, we found the shortcomings of inter-aircraft navigation systems and presented an up-to-date approach to improving the accuracy of the navigation system through the use of a technical vision system. To determine the location of the leading aircraft, we proposed to consider a technical vision system as a measuring complex, which is able to solve a large range of tasks at various stages, in particular, flight in formation. We proposed to install the technical vision system on the slave aircraft in order to measure all the parameters necessary for the formation of automatic flight control of the aircraft. We performed an image processing of the leading aircraft to determine the coordinates of three identical points on photosensitive matrices. Moreover, we selected optically contrasting elements of the aircraft structure as these points, for example, the end of the wing, tail, etc. To simplify the image processing procedure, it is possible to use semiconductor light sources in the infrared range (for example, with a wavelength of λ = 1.54 microns), which allows us to work even in difficult weather conditions. This approach can be used when automating a flight in formation of more than two aircraft, while it is only necessary to equip all the guided aircraft of the group with a technical vision system

Promising Map-Aided Aircraft Navigation Systems

The paper analyses the development prospects for aircraft navigation systems using onboard geophysical field measurements. Prospective systems that are not widely applied yet are considered: magnetic gradiometers measuring the stationary magnetic field gradient, gravity gradiometers measuring the gravity field gradient, and electromagnetic systems measuring the alternating part of magnetic field. We discuss the main problems to be solved during airborne measurements of these parameters and give an overview of algorithms and hardware solutions. We analyse the results of onboard measurements and estimate the possible navigation accuracy.

Implementation of touch screens in the crew cockpit information and control field using the ARINC 661 standard

This article discusses the problem of using touch screens in the crew cockpit as part of a general trend optimizing the humanmachine interface of the cockpit in order to improve the safety and quality of flights. The aim of the work is to develop a promising cockpit information and control field of a transport category aircraft based on touch screens and to analyze the feasibility of using this technology on board the aircraft. Based on the analysis of current research and trends, as well as regulatory documentation in the field of building a perspective cockpit using touch screens, a conclusion is made about the feasibility of using touch screens in the cockpit and the concept of a perspective cockpit is developed. As important elements of the concept, such interactive display pages as normal and emergency checklists, a navigation page with a flight plan, and pages of the aircraft navigation system are considered. Given the well-known problem of using touch displays in turbulence, a backup display and reconfiguration control loop is proposed. On the basis of the above-mentioned concept, an intelligent information system is being developed for prototyping a promising cockpit, taking into account the application of the ARINC 661 standard, with subsequent integration into a universal stand for prototyping the cockpit and testing the results with the participation of flight experts. The practical significance of this study is due to the significant optimization of the elements of the cockpit information and control field, as well as the potential increase in the reliability of the complex by replacing the electromechanical display controls, reducing the cost of developing the information and control field and making improvements, reducing weight by decreasing the number of wires and equipment, reducing the complexity of installation.

UNMANNED AIRCRAFT NAVIGATION AND LANDING COMPLEX USING PSEUDO-SATELLITE SIGNALS

The problem of navigation of an unmanned aerial vehicle at the landing stage in a complex jamming situation is considered. The aim of the work is to develop the structure as well as software and algorithmic support of navigation and landing complex (NPK), using signals from pseudo-satellites (PS) on board a small-sized unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Landing is carried out according to a glide-garden approach, while several configurations of models for the location of pseudo-satellites in close proximity to runway are considered. The characteristics of SS location are known in advance with a high degree of accuracy. Estimation errors of aircraft navigation parameters in a horizontal channel of Strapdown inertial navigation system in the conditions when no PS and when one or two PS being used are found.