scholarly journals Video display terminal use and other risk factors for abnormal blinking in children: gender differences

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zhao ◽  
Shi-Nan Wu ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Chen Zhao ◽  
Hui-Ye Shu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Blink Rate ◽  
Video Display ◽  
Lipid Layer ◽  
The Past ◽  
Logistic Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Protection Index

Abstract Objective To explore the risk factors for abnormal blinking in children and compare these between boys and girls. Methods Children attending the Children's Optometry Clinic between June 2019 and June 2020 were recruited for the study. The time they had spent viewing video displays (VDTt) over the past 6 months was recorded. Incomplete blinking (IB) and blinking rate were measured and all participants were allocated to groups based on their blink rate (<20 times/min = normal blinking group, NBG; ≥20 times/min = abnormal blinking group, ABG). Tear film (TF) stability was also evaluated. The corresponding statistical methods are used to analyze the data. Results A total of 87 boys and 80 girls were enrolled in the study. No significant difference in age was found between the 2 groups. There was a significant difference in TF stability between the two groups (P<0.05). According to binary logistic analysis, VDTt and ocular protection index (OPI) are important risk factors for abnormal blinking, with cut-off values of 1.75 hours and 1.014 respectively in boys; and 1.25 hours and 1.770 respectively in girls. The average of lipid layer thickness was an important protective factor for children using VDT for long periods, with a cut-off value of 58.5 nm in boys and 53.5nm in girls. Conclusion Risk factors for abnormal blinking in both boys and girls include VDTt and OPI.

scholarly journals Mean Tear-Film Lipid Layer Thickness and Video Display Terminal Time as Risk Factors for Abnormal Blinking in Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zhao ◽  
Shi-Nan Wu ◽  
Zhe Cheng ◽  
Dong Xiao ◽  
Hui-Ye Shu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Blink Rate ◽  
Video Display ◽  
Lipid Layer ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Logistic Analysis ◽  
Gland Function

Objective: To explore the risk factors for abnormal blinking in children and the role of the tear-film lipid layer thickness (LLT) as a function of duration of video display terminal (VDT) use in children.Methods: Children attending the Optometry Clinic of Xinhua Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University were recruited for the study between June 2019 and June 2020. Time spent viewing a VDT (VDTt) over the previous 6 months was recorded. Incomplete blinking (IB) and blinking rate were measured over a 10 s period using the Lipiview® interferometer (Tear Science, Morrisville, NC, USA), and participants were allocated into groups with normal blinking (NBG, blink rate &lt; 20 blinks/min) and abnormal blinking (ABG, blink rate ≥ 20 blinks/min). T-test, chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U-test were used to compare the differences in tear film (TF) stability indexes and meibomian gland function indexes between the two groups. Binary logistic analysis was used to analyze the risk factors for abnormal blinking and protective factors related to children's use of VDT, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was also conducted.Results: A total of 167 children were included, with no statistically significant differences in age or sex between the two groups. According to the t-test, VDTt was significantly higher in ABG than NBG, while TF stability indices including tear break up time, LLT and the height of the tear meniscus, were significantly higher in NBG than ABG (P &lt; 0.001). The results also showed better meibomian gland function in NBG than ABG (P &lt; 0.05). Binary logistic analysis showed that VDTt is an important risk factor for abnormal blinking, and the average of LLT (AVG) was found to be an important protective factor for children using a VDT for long periods, with a cut-off value of 1.5 h and 57.5 nm, respectively. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve value of VDTt and AVG was 0.833 and 0.969, respectively (P &lt; 0.001).Conclusion: In children, VDTt is an important risk factor for abnormal blinking, and the AVG is an important protective factor for children using VDT for long periods.

scholarly journals The prevalence of glucose metabolism disturbances in Chinese Muslims and possible risk factors: a study from northwest China

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 715-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Lin Hua ◽  
Wan-Fu Liu ◽  
Hui-Ling Song ◽  
Xin-Wen Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Muslim Population ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective To survey the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and pre-diabetes mellitus (PDM) in the Muslim population in northwest China, and discuss the risk factor. Materials and methods According to the income and the population, we randomly selected 3 villages with stratified and cluster sampling. The subjects were residents ≥ 20 years of age, and were from families which have been local for > 3 generations. The questionnaire and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were completed and analyzed for 660 subjects. Results The prevalence of DM and PDM between the Han and Muslim populations were different (P = 0.041). And the prevalence were also different with respect to age in the Han (P < 0.001) and Muslim population (P < 0.001) respectively. Except for the 20-year-old age group the prevalence of DM and PDM within the Muslim population was higher than the Han (P = 0.013), we did not find any significant difference for other age groups (P > 0.05). The intake of salt (P < 0.001) and edible oil (P < 0.001) in the Muslim population was higher than the Han, while cigarette smoking (P < 0.001) and alcohol consumption (P < 0.001) was lower. BMI (P < 0.001), age (P = 0.025), and smoking cigarettes (P = 0.011) were risk factors for DM and PDM, but alcohol consumption (P < 0.001) was a protective factor. Conclusions In northwest China, the prevalence of DM was higher in the Muslim population, and it was special higher on the 20-year-old age compared to the Han. This might be explained by the potential genetic differences and poor dietary habits.

scholarly journals A Retrospective Epidemiological Study of the Incidence and Risk Factors of Salmonellosis in Bahrain in Children During 2012–2016

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perna ◽  
Alaali ◽  
Alalwan ◽  
Janahi ◽  
Mustafa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
The Past ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Unsafe Water

Salmonellosis is one of the major public health concerns in Bahrain as it has increased rapidly during the past few years. This study aims to determine the prevalence of salmonellosis in children and the possible risk factors such as age, geographical area, nationality, gender, unsafe drinking water, infant born weight and gastrointestinal disease. The cases of salmonellosis in children reported by the Ministry of Health of Bahrain ranged from 21 to 26 per 100,000 population during the period 2012–2016. Salmonellosis cases were geographically concentrated in the capital and northern regions. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference in the number of salmonellosis cases between Bahrainis and non-Bahrainis based on region, and gender (p < 0.001). In the Bahraini cohort, there was an association between the increase of cases and the number of gastrointestinal disease-related deaths (p < 0.05). In addition, unsafe water (over the level of 2.14%) and low-birth weight (<3.100 g) were associated, but not statistically significant (p = 0.086 and p = 0.126, respectively) with the increase of salmonellosis cases. Despite the decline in the number of cases, the results of this study contribute to the understanding of the epidemiology of Salmonella in humans and this, in turn, will help develop and implement preventative measures.

scholarly journals Olfactory Disorder is the Specific Symptom to Distinguish Eosinophilic from non-eosinophilic Nasal Polyps

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodan Pan ◽  
Yuan Zhang ◽  
Chengshuo Wang ◽  
Luo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Nasal Polyps ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Specific Symptom ◽  
Logistic Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Olfactory Disorder

Abstract Background: Patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (eCRSwNP) have poorer outcomes after endoscopic sinus surgery and a higher recurrence rate. This study aimed to investigate the profile of clinical symptoms of eCRSwNP and the related risk factors.Methods: We prospectively enrolled 298 CRSwNP inpatients from February 2019 to December 2019. Patients were divided into eCRSwNP and non-eCRSwNP groups based on the percentage of blood eosinophils. Clinical data on questionnaires, visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, and laboratory tests were collected. The differences in clinical symptoms, including nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, olfactory disorders, and head/facial pain, between the two groups were analyzed to identify the influential factors. Logistic analysis and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to determine the diagnostic benefit for the specific symptom in eCRSwNP patients.Results: Of the four major clinical symptoms, nasal congestion and olfactory disorders were significantly different between eCRSwNP and non-eCRSwNP groups. Patients with eCRSwNP more frequently complained about olfactory disorders (P = 0.002), while patients with non-eCRSwNP mostly had nasal congestion (P = 0.001). The logistic analysis showed that the primary risk factors for olfactory disorders of eCRSwNP were disease duration (P = 0.014) and alcohol intake (P = 0.012). Olfactory disorders were not associated with the disease course of eCRSwNP but were correlated with the disease duration of non-eCRSwNP (P = 0.008). When the clinical duration was less than 10 years, there was a significant difference in olfactory disorders between eCRSwNP and non-eCRSwNP groups (P < 0.01). However, when the clinical duration was over 10 years, the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.264). The VAS score of olfactory disorders of over 5.75 could be used to predict the diagnosis of eCRSwNP (area under the curve ＝0.674, 95% confidence intervals: 0.559–0.689, P = 0.000). Conclusions: Olfactory disorder was the major nasal symptom that could be used to distinguish eCRSwNP and non-eCRSwNP. ECRSwNP patients were more prone to have olfactory dysfunction. Our findings suggested that evaluation of nasal symptoms would help diagnose eCRSwNP and determine subsequent clinical treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Effects of warm compress on tear film, blink pattern and Meibomian gland function in dry eyes after corneal refractive surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueyi Zhou ◽  
Yang Shen ◽  
Jianmin Shang ◽  
Xingtao Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Blink Rate ◽  
Lipid Layer ◽  
Dry Eyes ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Gland Function

Abstract Background To assess the effects of warm compress (WC) on tear film lipid layer, blink pattern and Meibomian gland function in patients with dry eye following femtosecond laser small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and laser-assisted subepithelial keratomileusis (LASEK). Methods We enrolled 37 eyes of 37 participants, each with dry eye for more than 2 years following SMILE (25 eyes) or LASEK (12 eyes). WC was performed using a spontaneously heating eye mask. Tear film break-up time (TBUT), tear film lipid layer thickness (TFLLT), blink pattern, Meibomian secretory function scores (MGS), visual acuity, spherical equivalent (SE), keratometry, central corneal thickness (CCT) and aberration were assessed before and after WC. Results After WC, the following mean values all increased relative to baselines: CCT, SE, minimum (Min-), maximum (Max-) and average (Ave-) TFLLT, TBUT, total MGS (TMGS), number of glands secreting any liquid (MGL), and complete blink rate (CBR) (p values ranging from < 0.001 to 0.042). Partial blink frequency (PBF) and partial blink rate (PBR) decreased (p = 0.002 in both cases). The decrease of PBF was higher in SMILE subgroup than in LASEK (p = 0.030). TBUT variation was positively correlated with that of Ave-TFLLT and TMGS (p = 0.046, 0.028, respectively). Max-TFLLT variation was correlated with that of TMGS (p = 0.020). Conclusions WC may temporarily increase tear film thickness and stability, decrease partial blink, and partly augment Meibomian gland function in dry eye patients after corneal refractive surgeries. Future studies are required to investigate long term clinical efficacy and safety.

scholarly journals Effects of Warm Compress on Tear Film, Blink Pattern and Meibomian Gland Function in Dry Eyes After Corneal Refractive Surgery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueyi Zhou ◽  
Yang Shen ◽  
Jianmin Shang ◽  
Xingtao Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Refractive Surgery ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Blink Rate ◽  
Lipid Layer ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Corneal Refractive Surgery ◽  
Gland Function

Abstract Background To assess the effects of warm compress (WC) on tear film lipid layer, blink pattern and Meibomian gland function in patients with dry eye following femtosecond laser small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and laser-assisted subepithelial keratomileusis (LASEK). Methods We enrolled 37 eyes of 37 participants, each with dry eye for more than 2 years following SMILE (25 eyes) or LASEK (12 eyes). WC was performed using a spontaneously heating eye mask. Safety parameters and effectiveness parameters (tear film break-up time, TBUT; tear film lipid layer thickness, TFLLT; blink pattern, and Meibomian secretory function scores, MGS) were assessed before and after WC. Results After WC, the following mean values all increased relative to baselines: central corneal thickness, spherical equivalent, minimum (Min-), maximum (Max-) and average (Ave-) TFLLT, TBUT, total MGS (TMGS), number of glands secreting any liquid (MGL), and complete blink rate (CBR) (p values ranging from < 0.0001 to 0.042). Partial blink frequency (PBF) and partial blink rate (PBR) decreased (p = 0.002 in both cases). The decrease of PBF was higher in SMILE subgroup than in LASEK (p = 0.030). TBUT variation was positively correlated with that of Ave-TFLLT and TMGS (p = 0.046, 0.028, respectively). Max-TFLLT variation was correlated with that of TMGS (p = 0.020). Conclusions WC may temporarily improve tear film quality and blink pattern, augment Meibomian gland function, and relieve dry eye symptoms after corneal refractive surgery, particularly that using the SMILE technique.

scholarly journals Comprehensive evaluation of risk factors for lymph node metastasis with papillary thyroid carcinoma in Southwest China patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Dong ◽  
Dan Wang ◽  
Yisheng Luo ◽  
Ling Chen ◽  
Huili Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Braf V600e Mutation ◽  
Braf V600e ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Node Metastasis ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: With the increasing incidences of papillary thyroid cancer(PTC), it is important to risk-stratify patients who may have more aggressive tumor biology. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors for lymph node metastasis with PTC in Southwest China Patients which may provide a substantial reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods: 1045 PTCs (313 PTMC and 732 non-PTMC) between August 2016 and August 2019 were examined totally (including one Tibetan). BRAF V600E mutation was tested in all samples. The clinical data (gender, age, tumor location, sample source and pathological features) were retrospectively analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate independent risk factors for LNM. Results: 181 out of 313 PTMC cases (57.8%), 145 out of 732 non-PTMC cases (19.8%) had BRAF V600E mutation, the Tibetan had a double mutation of BRAF L597Q and V600E in two separate lesions. In PTMC, significant difference in gender and sample source was found (BRAF V600E mutation vs. wild-type). In non-PTMC, significant difference in gender was found (BRAF V600E mutation vs. wild-type). The female (OR=1.952; 95% CI= 1.373-2.774; P= 0.00), age (31-59 years) and diameter of tumor ≤1cm (OR=3.273; 95% CI= 2.417-4.432; P=0.000) were significant independent predictors of LNM in all PTCs. In PTMC, the female (OR= 3.002; 95% CI= 1.654-5.446; P= 0.00) was a significant independent predictor of LNM. The tumor in left and right lobes simultaneously was an independent protective factor of LNM in each group (PTCs: OR=0.287; PTMC: OR=0.170; non-PTMC: OR=0.441, respectively). The BRAF V600E mutation rate of US-FNAC was much higher than FFPE in PTMC (P=0.018). Conclusions: Unlike previous research, our findings suggested that the female patients and diameter of tumor ≤1cm were risk factors for LNM and the BRAF V600E wild-type of PTMC might be more aggressive than others. Interestingly, the position of tumor in bilateral thyroid simultaneously was an independent protective factor for LNM. The US-FNA should be recommended for gene analysis (BRAF V600E) in PTMC. The BRAF L597Q mutation may be an independent aggressive factor in the Chinese Tibetan population. Hence, clinicians should consider an individualized treatment according to gene mutation, gender, age, tumor size and location of tumor in order to achieve a better therapeutic efficacy.

Tear film measurements in four different ethnic groups: Malay, Chinese, Indian and Nigerian

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Madhavendra Bhandari ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Blink Rate ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Surface Disorder ◽  
Eye Symptoms ◽  
Break Up ◽  
Dry Eye Symptoms

AIM: To compare the non-invasive tear film break-up time (NIBUT), tear break up time (TBUT), basal tear secretion (BTS) and blink rate in four ethnic groups: Malay, Chinese, Indian and Nigerian. METHODS: Totally 120 healthy (61 males and 59 females) subjects (without dry eye symptoms and ocular surface disorder) with the age 20 to 39 years were recruited; 30 were Malays, 30 were Chinese, 31 were Indians and 29 were Nigerians. Based on McMonnies questionnaire and clinical examination, normal subjects were selected. NIBUT, TBUT, BTS were assessed in only one eye (right) of each subject and blink rate was also assessed. RESULTS: There was significant difference in the NIBUT, TBUT, BTS and blink rate among 4 different ethnic groups (P=0.018, 0.001, 0.011, and 0.004 respectively). No statistically significant difference of NIBUT, TBUT, BTS and blink rate was found between the genders among different ethnic groups. Indian had higher median for NIBUT (10±6s), TBUT (7±5s) and BTS (20±20 mm) than other races. Chinese had lower median for NIBUT (7.5±4s) and TBUT (4±2s) while Malay had for BTS (9.5±16 mm) among the groups. There was no significant correlation of blink rate with NIBUT (r=-0.119, P=0.195), TBUT (r=-0.086, P=0.352), and BTS (r=-0.123, P=0.180) respectively. CONCLUSION: The tear-film measurement values are variability in four ethnic groups.

scholarly journals Meta-Analysis of the Relationship between the APOE Gene and the Onset of Parkinson’s Disease Dementia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suisui Pang ◽  
Jia Li ◽  
Yingyu Zhang ◽  
Jiajun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease Dementia ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose. To clarify the relationship between certain genotypes or alleles of the APOE gene and the onset risk of Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD). Methods. The PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, CBM, CNKI, and Wanfang databases were searched to identify all case-control studies and cohort studies published before October 30, 2017, that investigated the association between the APOE gene and the onset of PDD. Manual information retrieval was also performed. All studies that met the quality requirements were included in a meta-analysis performed using RevMan 5.3 software. Results. The meta-analysis included 17 studies, with a total of 820 patients in the PDD group and 1,922 in the non-PDD group. The influence of the APOE gene on PDD onset was analyzed from three aspects: five genotypes vs. ε3/3, ε2+/ε4+ vs. ε3/3, and ε4+ vs. ε4−. The risk factors for PDD may include the genotypes ε3/4 (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.14–1.89) and ε4/4 (OR 2.93, 95% CI 1.20–7.14). In patients with PDD, there was no significant difference in the distribution of ε2+ vs. ε3/3 (OR 1.35, 95% CI 0.97–1.87, P=0.07). The risk of PDD was 1.61 times greater in ε4+ compared with ε3/3 (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.24–2.08, P=0.0003). As the results indicated that ε2+ did not play a role as a risk factor or a protective factor, we divided the population into ε4+ and ε4− for the meta-analysis and found that, among patients with Parkinson’s disease, the dementia risk of those with ε4+ was 1.72 times greater than that of those with ε4− (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.41–2.10, P<0.00001). Subgroup analysis in accordance with different geographical regions revealed that ε4+ was a risk factor for PDD in people from all regions. Conclusions. Among the APOE genotypes, ε2+ is neither a risk factor nor a protective factor for PDD, while ε4+ is a risk factor for PDD. The present results are applicable to Asian, European, and American patients with Parkinson’s disease. Regarding the single APOE genotypes, ε3/4 and ε4/4 may be risk factors for PDD; however, further studies with large sample sizes are needed to verify this.

scholarly journals Clinical Implication of Patchy Pattern Corneal Staining in Dry Eye Disease

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Seitaro Komai ◽  
Norihiko Yokoi ◽  
Hiroaki Kato ◽  
Aoi Komuro ◽  
Yukiko Sonomura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Lipid Layer ◽  
Corneal Epithelial ◽  
Epithelial Damage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tear Meniscus ◽  
Breakup Time ◽  
Corneal Staining

Corneal fluorescein staining in a form that is commonly called a “patchy pattern (PP)” is sometimes seen with or without superficial punctate keratopathy (SPK) in dry-eye diseases (DEDs). Here, we investigated the differences in the clinical features of DED patients with and without PP corneal staining (PPCS). This study involved 35 DEDs with PPCS (PPCS group) and 30 DEDs with SPK and without PPCS (non-PPCS group). The tear meniscus radius (TMR, mm), spread grade (SG) of the tear-film lipid layer (i.e., SG 1–5, 1 being best), noninvasive breakup time (NIBUT, seconds), fluorescein breakup time (FBUT, seconds), corneal epithelial damage (CED, 15 points maximum), conjunctival epithelial damage (CjED, six points maximum), the Schirmer’s 1 test (ST1, mm), and the prevalence of Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) were examined, and then compared between the two groups. Our findings revealed that between the groups (PPCS vs. non-PPCS), there was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in CjED (3.1 ± 1.9 vs. 1.3 ± 1.6), ST1 (5.6 ± 7.4 vs. 14.8 ± 11.4), and the prevalence of SS (60.0% vs. 16.7%). Our findings suggest that DEDs and dry-eye patients with PPCS may indicate not only SS itself, but also the ophthalmological characteristics compatible with SS.

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