Improving sewage sludge compost process and quality by carbon sources addition

In present study, the effects of carbon sources on compost process and quality were evaluated in the lab-scale sewage sludge (SS) composting. The composting experiments were performed for 32 days in 5 L reactors. The results showed that carbon sources could change the nitrogen conversion and improve the compost quality. Especially, the readily degradable carbon source could promote organic matter degradation, improve nitrogen conversion process and accelerate compost maturation. The addition of glucose and sucrose could increase dissolved organic carbon, CO2 emission, dehydrogenase activity, nitrification and germination index during the SS composting. That's because glucose and sucrose could be quickly used by microbes as energy and carbon source substance to increase activity of microbes and ammonia assimilation. What's more, the NH3 emission was reduced by 26.9% and 32.1% in glucose and sucrose treatments, respectively. Therefore, the addition of readily degradable carbon source could reduce NH3 emission and improve compost maturity in the SS composting.

Composting of solid waste from the coffee milling process using trench composting and a bioreactor with the help of efficient microorganisms in the Libre University, Socorro headquarters

Introduction: The present article is the product of the research “¿Use and management of organic waste from the Majavita farm, Universidad Libre, Socorro Headquarters (Santander)?" carried out during 2017 and 2018 in Socorro, Santander. Problem: Currently the Libre University, offers to solid waste coming from the benefit of the coffee a management in a trench compost system to prevent contamination that is caused for it poor disposal; this does not imply the production of an optimum product that shall have the standards of quality of a suitable compost. Objective: Propose an alternative to operate the compost process under suitable conditions of the process variables; it is expected that would allow waste to compost more efficiently and in less time. Methodology: This article compares the effectiveness of composting production in a traditional trench system against a semi-closed bioreactor system, and the cost-benefit of implement this proposed system. Results: To guarantee the result by showing the improvement of the process; is necessary to follow and compare the behavior of the process variables in each kind of composters, such as temperature, moisture and ph. Conclusion: This project seeks to propose a viable alternative for the treatment of the solid waste of the productive process of the coffee. Originality: This research, seeks to improve the process of compost in the Majavita Farm. Limitations: The time used to the farm to compost the solid waste using a traditional system.

PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN LARUTAN AGRI SIMBA DAN SEKAM PADI PADA PROSES PENGOMPOSAN

Compost process is decomposition process of organic compost which happen biologically where the compost was change into more stabil and the result of the material it looks like top soil whict called the compost. The compost system of organic compost with the addition of bacterial and half of rice can make short time for the compost process it can decrease the range of the compost area and it can increase the quality of the compost.Every composter be able to reduct of organic compost around 85, 41% - 87,26% (smaller volume) the highest level of pile average/around 79,3% bb or above the optimal value around 55% bb. Which Cused the pH vaue on both composter which is control composter and the addition of agri samba above normal > 7,5 ratio C/N the beginning process of compost above optimal value < 25 : 1 and ratio C/P unoptimal under 100 : 1 (on the third composter) in the compost process which suusponted with the aerasi un adequate can caused the pile condition became anaerob it can caused the decomposition process become slower and the quality of the compost is not appropriate with the decomposition that we want. Keywords: Agri Simba, Compost, Organic Waste Abstrak: Proses pengomposan merupakan proses dekomposisi sampah organik yang terjadi secara biologis, dimana sampah tersebut dirubah menjadi bentuk yang lebih stabil dan materi yang dihasilkan menyerupai humus yang disebut dengan kompos. Sistem pengomposan sampah organik dengan penambahan bakteri dan sekam padi dapat memperpendek waktu pengomposan, memperkecil luas area pengomposan, dan meningkatkan kualitas kompos yang dihasilkan.Tiap-tiap komposter mampu mereduksi sampah organik rata-rata sebanyak 85,41% - 87,26% (penyusutan volume). Tingginya tingkat kelembaban tumpukan yang rata-rata mencapai 79,3 % bb atau diatas nilai optimal sebesar 55 % bb, mengakibatkan nilai pH pada kedua komposter yakni komposter kontrol dan penambahan larutan Agri Simba diatas netral > 7,5, rasio C/N awal proses pengomposan dibawah nilai optimal < 25 : 1 dan rasio C/P yang tidak optimal dibawah 100:1 (pada ketiga komposter) pada proses pengomposan yang didukung dengan aerasi yang tidak memadai menyebabkan kondisi tumpukan menjadi anaerob. Sehingga mengakibatkan proses dekomposisi menjadi lambat dan kualitas kompos yang dihasilkan tidak begitu sesuai dengan yang diinginkan. Kata kunci: Agri Simba, Kompos, Sampah Organik

Assessment of Pathogen Inactivation under Sub-composting Temperature in Lab-scale Compost Piles

This study was conducted to assess the temperature profile and corresponding pathogen inactivation in lab-scale compost piles. The variation in temperature at different locations of piles and E. coli concentrations was evaluated. The experiment design included plastic containers of different height filled with organic feedstock. Cotton balls soaked with pathogens (E. coli and E. coli O157:H7) were placed inside the feedstocks at various depths. Subsequently, change in pathogen concentrations, feedstock characteristics, and temperature was monitored over time. Observations showed fluctuation in temperature of piles. The peak temperature (> 50 °C) was reached after two weeks of expertiment. The concentrations of E.coli and E. coli O157: H7 at different depths varied among piles during the 35 days of experiments. The reductions in E. coli concentrations ranged 1- 4 orders of magnitude. In certain piles, reduction in E. coli concentrations was followed by increased in E. coli levels indicating the possibility of perturbation of bacteria in the feedstock potentially at low temperature. We anticipate these preliminary results will provide additional insights on pathogen inactivation in compost system. The approach used here can be implemented at field-scale compost piles for assessing pathogen inactivation during compost process under field conditions.